断奶仔猪对不同材质玩具的偏好研究
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摘要
随着集约化养猪的动物福利问题得到越来越多的重视,仔猪玩具的开发也备受关注。试验通过在断奶仔猪栏内悬挂三种不同材质玩具(橡胶管、麻绳、尼龙绳),研究断奶仔猪对不同玩具的偏好程度,以寻求更适合仔猪的玩具材料。试验选择33～35日龄长白仔猪24头分为三个重复组,每组添加三种玩具,观察仔猪对不同玩具的操控行为及其引发的攻击行为。试验结果表明:仔猪对尼龙绳的操控次数、单次操控最长时间、操控总时长均显著高于橡胶管和麻绳(P<0.05),偏好系数:尼龙绳(1.71)>橡胶管(0.65)>麻绳(0.64);尼龙绳引发的攻击次数显著较高(P<0.05),玩具引发的攻击次数与操控总时长呈现相关性(P<0.01);而且试验7天内,仔猪对尼龙绳的操控时长随试验天数的增加没有显著缩短(P>0.05)。因此,对断奶仔猪来说,尼龙绳是一种较好的玩具。
As the animal welfare of intensive pig farming was paid more and more attention,the development of toys for piglets was also receiving much attention.Aiming at the preference of weaned pigs for different toys,three different materials(rubber tube,hemp rope,and nylon rope)were hung for weaned piglets.24 Landrace piglets,33～35 days of age,were divided into three replicate groups.Three types of toys were added to each group,and the attack caused by toys and manipulating behavior were observed to study the preference of different toys in order to find more suitable toy materials for piglets.The results showed that the numbers,the maximum time of a bout and the total time of manipulating the nylon rope were significantly higher than those of the rubber tube and the hemp rope(P<0.05).The preference indexes showed that nylon rope(1.71)>rubber tube(0.65)>hemp rope.The number of attack caused by nylon rope was significantly higher(P <0.05),and the number of attack caused by toys was correlated with the total time of manipulating(P<0.01).And within 7 days' experiment,the total time of manipulating nylon ropes did not shorten significantly with the experimental days(P>0.05).Therefore,the nylon rope was a better toy for weaned piglets.
As the animal welfare of intensive pig farming was paid more and more attention,the development of toys for piglets was also receiving much attention.Aiming at the preference of weaned pigs for different toys,three different materials(rubber tube,hemp rope,and nylon rope)were hung for weaned piglets.24 Landrace piglets,33～35 days of age,were divided into three replicate groups.Three types of toys were added to each group,and the attack caused by toys and manipulating behavior were observed to study the preference of different toys in order to find more suitable toy materials for piglets.The results showed that the numbers,the maximum time of a bout and the total time of manipulating the nylon rope were significantly higher than those of the rubber tube and the hemp rope(P<0.05).The preference indexes showed that nylon rope(1.71)>rubber tube(0.65)>hemp rope.The number of attack caused by nylon rope was significantly higher(P <0.05),and the number of attack caused by toys was correlated with the total time of manipulating(P<0.01).And within 7 days' experiment,the total time of manipulating nylon ropes did not shorten significantly with the experimental days(P>0.05).Therefore,the nylon rope was a better toy for weaned piglets.
引文
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[2]张振玲,李云龙,薛忠,等.我国规模猪场仔猪福利问题与对策[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(9):83-86.
[3]Beattie V E,Sneddon I A,Walker N,et al.Environmental enrichment of intensive pig housing using spent mushroom compost[J].Animal Science,2001,72(1):35-42.
[4]Ferguson D M.Key features of'environmental fit'that promote good animal welfare in different husbandry systems[J].Revue Scientifique Et Technique,2014,33(1):161-169.
[5]Beattie V E,O'Connell N E,Moss B W.Influence of environmental enrichment on the behaviour,performance and meat quality of domestic pigs[J].Livestock Production Science,2000,65(12):71-79.
[6]Spinka M,Newberry R C,Bekoff M.Mammalian play:training for the unexpected[J].Quarterly Review of Biology,2001,76(2):141-168.
[7]Lawrence A.Consumer demand theory and the assessment of animal welfare[J].Animal Behaviour,1987,35(1):293-295.
[8]陈良云.环境富集与喷淋对夏季肥育猪福利、行为及肉品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008.
[9]Sneddon I A,Beattie V E,Dunne L,et al.The effect of environmental enrichment on learning in pigs[J].Animal Welfare,2000(4):373-383.
[10]Yin G,Sun G,Li X,et al.Effect of straw enriched environment on behaviors of nursery piglets reared in the farrowing pens[J].Journal of Environmental Biology,2014,35(3):461-466.
[11]Bolhuis J E,Schouten W G P,Schrama J W,et al.Behavioural development of pigs with different coping characteristics in barren and substrate-enriched housing conditions[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,93(3):213-228.
[12]Yeates J,Kirkwood J K,Weddell S,et al.Breeding for pleasure:the value of pleasure and pain in evolution and animal welfare[J].Animal Welfare,2010,19(5):29-38.
[13]Beattie V E,Walker N,Sneddon I A.Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Behaviour and Productivity of Growing Pigs[J].Animal Welfare,1995,80(4):207-220.
[14]Beattie V E,Sneddon I A,Walker N,et al.Environmental enrichment of intensive pig housing using spent mushroom compost[J].Animal Science,2016,72(1):35-42.
[15]Pedersen L J,Holm L,Jensen M B,et al.The strength of pigs’preferences for different rooting materials measured using concurrent schedules of reinforcement[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,94(12):31-48.
[16]Van d W H A,Docking C M,Day J E L,et al.A systematic approach towards developing environmental enrichment for pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2003,84(2):101-118.
[17]Bracke M.Expert opinion regarding environmental enrichment materials for pigs[J].Animweif,2006,15(1):67-70.
[18]Martin J E,Ison S H,Baxter E M.The influence of neonatal environment on piglet play behaviour and post-weaning social and cognitive development[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2015,163:69-79.
[19]Apple J K,Craig J V.The influence of pen size on toy preference of growing pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1992,35(2):149-155.
[20]Weerd H A V D,Docking C M,Day J E L,et al.Effects of species-relevant environmental enrichment on the behaviour and productivity of finishing pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2006,99(3):230-247.
[21]Blackshaw J K,Thomas F J,Lee J A.The effect of a fixed or free toy on the growth rate and aggressive behaviour of weaned pigs and the influence of hierarchy on initial investigation of the toys[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1997,53(3):203-212.
[22]席磊,施正香,耿爱莲,等.生长育肥猪对环境丰富度材料的选择倾向性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2007(6):75-79.