空气锤钻井技术在哈深201井火成岩地层的应用
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摘要
准噶尔盆地火成岩地层岩石坚硬、研磨性强、可钻性差,钻进过程中井斜问题突出、机械钻速低、钻井周期长,严重影响了火成岩目的层的勘探开发进程。首先分析了牙轮钻头气体钻井技术难点,通过开展火成岩岩石力学特性实验,分析空气锤破岩机理及其在火成岩中的适应性,结合KQC型空气锤主要结构、技术性能特点,提出空气锤钻井低钻压、低转速、高频率冲击的破岩方式,在实现山前带火成岩防斜打快的同时,能有效避免钻具磨损、疲劳断裂等情况发生。在准噶尔盆地哈深201井火成岩中进行了现场应用,在保证井斜始终控制在2°以内情况下,平均机械钻速和单趟钻进尺较牙轮钻头气体钻井同比分别提高了2.45倍和6.42倍以上,哈山区块?444.5 mm井眼单趟钻机械钻速14.29 m/h,?311.2 mm井眼单趟钻进尺470.62 m,取得了显著的防斜打快应用效果,为今后火成岩地层优快钻井探索出了一种有效的技术手段。
The igneous strata in the Junggar Basin is competent with strong abrasivity and poor drillability,so it is usually suffered from well deviation,low rate of penetration(ROP) and long drilling cycle in the process of drilling.And consequently,the exploration and development progress in the target of igneous strata is impacted.In this paper,the technical difficulties of cone-bit gas drilling were investigated,and the rock breaking mechanisms of air hammer and its adaptability in igneous rocks were analyzed by means of igneous rock mechanics experiment.Then,based on the main structures and technical characteristics of KQC air hammer,the rock breaking mode of air hammer drilling with low weight on bit and rotation speed and high frequency percussion was put forward to prevent effectively the drilling tools from abrading and fatigue fracturing while achieving the deviation control and fast drilling of igneous rocks in piedmont zones.It was for the first time,applied on site in the igneous rocks of Well Hashen 201 in the Junggar Basin.Compared with cone-bite gas drilling,its average ROP and single-trip drilling footage are 2.45 times and 6.42 times higher when the well deviation is controlled below 2°.In Hashan block,remarkable deviation control and fast drilling is achieved with the single-trip drilling ROP of 14.29 m/h in the hole of ?444.5 mm and the single-trip drilling footage of 470.62 m in the hole of ?311.2 mm.It provides one effective technology for the optimized fast drilling in igneous strata.
The igneous strata in the Junggar Basin is competent with strong abrasivity and poor drillability,so it is usually suffered from well deviation,low rate of penetration(ROP) and long drilling cycle in the process of drilling.And consequently,the exploration and development progress in the target of igneous strata is impacted.In this paper,the technical difficulties of cone-bit gas drilling were investigated,and the rock breaking mechanisms of air hammer and its adaptability in igneous rocks were analyzed by means of igneous rock mechanics experiment.Then,based on the main structures and technical characteristics of KQC air hammer,the rock breaking mode of air hammer drilling with low weight on bit and rotation speed and high frequency percussion was put forward to prevent effectively the drilling tools from abrading and fatigue fracturing while achieving the deviation control and fast drilling of igneous rocks in piedmont zones.It was for the first time,applied on site in the igneous rocks of Well Hashen 201 in the Junggar Basin.Compared with cone-bite gas drilling,its average ROP and single-trip drilling footage are 2.45 times and 6.42 times higher when the well deviation is controlled below 2°.In Hashan block,remarkable deviation control and fast drilling is achieved with the single-trip drilling ROP of 14.29 m/h in the hole of ?444.5 mm and the single-trip drilling footage of 470.62 m in the hole of ?311.2 mm.It provides one effective technology for the optimized fast drilling in igneous strata.
引文
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[11]玄令超,管志川,张会增,刘永旺.弹簧蓄能激发式旋转冲击钻井装置的研制[J].石油机械,2015,43(11):18-21.XUAN Lingchao,GUAN Zhichuan,ZHANG Huizeng,LIU Yongwang.Percussive-rotary drilling tool with spring accumulating collision[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(11):18-21.
[12]玄令超,管志川,呼怀刚,李敬皎.弹性蓄能激发式旋冲钻井工具特性分析[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(3):61-66.XUAN Lingchao,GUAN Zhichuan,HU Huaigang,LI Jingjiao.Analysis of the characteristics of the rotary impact drilling tool with an elastic element accumulator[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(3):61-66.
[13]程天辉,王维韬,王树超.塔里木泛哈拉哈塘地区扭力冲击钻井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(1):53-56.CHENG Tianhui,WANG Weitao,WANG Shuchao.Application of torsion-impact drilling technology in general Hanilcatam area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(1):53-56.
[14]葛鹏飞,马庆涛,郭敏.空气锤钻井技术在元坝区块陆相井的应用[J].石油机械,2013,41(8):9-12.GE Pengfei,MA Qingtao,GUO Min.Application of air hammer drilling technology in continental well in Yuanba block[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(8):9-12.
[15]熊继有,刘小军,陈林,黄明,黄钟新.新型自转式空气锤破岩机理研究[J].钻采工艺,2011,34(2):4-7.XIONG Jiyou,LIU Xiaojun,CHEN Lin,HUANG Ming,HUANG Zhongxin.Research on the mechanism of breaking rock of rotating air-hammer[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2011,34(2):4-7.
[16]孟庆昆,王向东,于兴胜.KQC系列空气锤在油田气体钻井中的应用[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(11):54-57.MENG Qingkun,WANG Xiangdong,YU Xingsheng.KQC series of air hammers for gas drilling in oil field[J].Oil Field Equipment,2007,36(11):54-57.
[17]王德贵.新型自转式空气锤产品研制[D].成都:西南石油大学,2011.WANG Degui.Product development of a new rotary air hammer[D].Chengdu:South west Petroleum University,2011.
[2]赵洪山,周燕,王涛,唐波.哈山3井火成岩地层钻井难点与提速对策[J].石油机械,2014,42(9):40-43.ZHAO Hongshan,ZHOU Yan,WANG Tao,TANG Bo.Difficulties in drilling igneous rock formations and proposed ROP improvement for Well Hashan 3[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2014,42(9):40-43.
[3]易浩,白彬珍,赵志国,李平.玉北地区深井快速钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2011,39(6):27-30.YI Hao,BAI Binzhen,ZHAO Zhiguo,LI Ping.Faster drilling technology in yubei area[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2011,39(6):27-30.
[4]赵洪山,冯光通,唐波,曾敏.准噶尔盆地火成岩钻井提速难点与技术对策[J].石油机械,2013,41(3):21-26.ZHAO Hongshan,FENG Guangtong,TANG Bo,ZENG Min.Difficulties in igneous rock drilling in Dzungaria basin and technological solutions[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(3):21-26.
[5]于海叶,王树江,葛磊,苗智瑜.新疆火成岩地层气体钻井实践[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(2):19-22.YU Haiye,WANG Shujiang,GE Lei,MIAO Zhiyu.Application of gas drilling in Xinjiang igneous rock layer[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(2):19-22.
[6]赵洪山,王宗钢.火成岩地层气体钻井井壁稳定性实验研究[J].西部探矿工程,2015(12):93-95.ZHAO Hongshan,WANG Zonggang.Experimental study of wellbore stability for gas drilling in igneous rock[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2015(12):93-95.
[7]石建刚,杨虎,周鹏高,乾彬.火烧山北部石炭系推覆体气体钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(1):114-118.SHI Jiangang,YANG Hu,ZHOU Penggao,QIAN Bin.Gas drilling technology for carboniferous nappe in Northern Huoshaoshan[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(1):114-118.
[8]徐依吉,赵健,毛炳坤,刘芬.冲击钻井粒子注入系统研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(1):1-5.XU Yiji,ZHAO Jian,MAO Bingkun,LIU Fen.Research on particle injection system in percussion drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2012,34(1):1-5.
[9]邓勇,陈勉,金衍,邹代武.冲击作用下岩石破碎的动力学特性及能耗特征研究[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(3):27-32.DENG Yong,CHEN Mian,JIN Yan,ZOU Daiwu.Investigation of the dynamic characteristics and energy consumption for breaking rocks using the impact load[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(3):27-32.
[10]刘天科.自激振荡式旋转冲击钻井工具在胜利油田的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(4):54-56.LIU Tianke.Application of self-oscillating rotary percussion drilling tools in Shengli Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2012,34(4):54-56.
[11]玄令超,管志川,张会增,刘永旺.弹簧蓄能激发式旋转冲击钻井装置的研制[J].石油机械,2015,43(11):18-21.XUAN Lingchao,GUAN Zhichuan,ZHANG Huizeng,LIU Yongwang.Percussive-rotary drilling tool with spring accumulating collision[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(11):18-21.
[12]玄令超,管志川,呼怀刚,李敬皎.弹性蓄能激发式旋冲钻井工具特性分析[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(3):61-66.XUAN Lingchao,GUAN Zhichuan,HU Huaigang,LI Jingjiao.Analysis of the characteristics of the rotary impact drilling tool with an elastic element accumulator[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(3):61-66.
[13]程天辉,王维韬,王树超.塔里木泛哈拉哈塘地区扭力冲击钻井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(1):53-56.CHENG Tianhui,WANG Weitao,WANG Shuchao.Application of torsion-impact drilling technology in general Hanilcatam area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(1):53-56.
[14]葛鹏飞,马庆涛,郭敏.空气锤钻井技术在元坝区块陆相井的应用[J].石油机械,2013,41(8):9-12.GE Pengfei,MA Qingtao,GUO Min.Application of air hammer drilling technology in continental well in Yuanba block[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(8):9-12.
[15]熊继有,刘小军,陈林,黄明,黄钟新.新型自转式空气锤破岩机理研究[J].钻采工艺,2011,34(2):4-7.XIONG Jiyou,LIU Xiaojun,CHEN Lin,HUANG Ming,HUANG Zhongxin.Research on the mechanism of breaking rock of rotating air-hammer[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2011,34(2):4-7.
[16]孟庆昆,王向东,于兴胜.KQC系列空气锤在油田气体钻井中的应用[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(11):54-57.MENG Qingkun,WANG Xiangdong,YU Xingsheng.KQC series of air hammers for gas drilling in oil field[J].Oil Field Equipment,2007,36(11):54-57.
[17]王德贵.新型自转式空气锤产品研制[D].成都:西南石油大学,2011.WANG Degui.Product development of a new rotary air hammer[D].Chengdu:South west Petroleum University,2011.