高热剂在弹药销毁中的应用
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摘要
为了解决弹药生产、运输、储存、应用中产生的报废弹药,以及军事演习和战争年代遗留弹药的销毁问题,常采用爆炸法、燃烧法和分解法,但是对于那些不能移动,必须原地销毁的弹药,上述方法存在着很大的安全隐患,必须采用高热剂销毁弹药的方法。高热剂销毁弹药主要包括高热剂金属熔流销毁法和金属熔融依附法,利用铝热反应产生的高温和熔融金属熔渣,对弹药金属壳体进行熔穿,并点燃内部炸药,使炸药产生的高温高压气体由熔穿孔排出,避免了爆炸。高热剂销毁弹药减少了对弹药的处理工序,大大降低了危险系数,对于不便进行移动和预处理,必须进行就地销毁的弹药,有很好的应用价值。但目前高热剂销毁弹药也存在一定的局限性,即都需要特制模具对高热剂药粉进行固型,这就为实际操作和运用带来一定的危险性和局限性。
In order to solve the problem of the discarded ammunition produced in the production,transportation,storage and application of ammunition,and military exercises and the destruction of ammunition left over in the age of war.Explosion method,combustion method and decomposition method were often used.However,those ammunition that could not be moved and must be destroyed in situ,the above method posed a great potential safety hazard,the method of thermite destruction of ammunition must be used.Thermite destruction of ammunition included thermit metal melt destruction method and metal melting attachment method.The using of high temperature and molten metal generated by the aluminum heat reaction,the metal shell of the ammunition is fused,and ignite the internal explosives.The high temperature and high pressure gas produced by the explosive is discharged by the perforation of the molten metal,the explosion was avoided.Thermite destruction of ammunition reduced the handling of ammunition,greatly reduced the risk factor.For the inconvenience of mobile and pretreatment,ammunition must be carried out on-site destruction,it had good application value.However,there were some limitations to the thermit destruction of ammunition,the thermit powder all required special molds to solidify,which brought certain risks and limitations for practical operation and application.
In order to solve the problem of the discarded ammunition produced in the production,transportation,storage and application of ammunition,and military exercises and the destruction of ammunition left over in the age of war.Explosion method,combustion method and decomposition method were often used.However,those ammunition that could not be moved and must be destroyed in situ,the above method posed a great potential safety hazard,the method of thermite destruction of ammunition must be used.Thermite destruction of ammunition included thermit metal melt destruction method and metal melting attachment method.The using of high temperature and molten metal generated by the aluminum heat reaction,the metal shell of the ammunition is fused,and ignite the internal explosives.The high temperature and high pressure gas produced by the explosive is discharged by the perforation of the molten metal,the explosion was avoided.Thermite destruction of ammunition reduced the handling of ammunition,greatly reduced the risk factor.For the inconvenience of mobile and pretreatment,ammunition must be carried out on-site destruction,it had good application value.However,there were some limitations to the thermit destruction of ammunition,the thermit powder all required special molds to solidify,which brought certain risks and limitations for practical operation and application.
引文
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[19]吴艺英,王瑞林,辛文彤,等.装药长度对切割弹切割性能的影响[J].火工品,2013(1):13-16.WU Y Y,WANG R L,XIN W T,et al.Influence of change length on cutting property of cutting ammunition[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2013(1):13-16.
[20]宋佳星,方向,周鹏,等.火焰射流型高热剂在废旧弹药销毁中的应用初探[J].火工品,2016(5):46-49.SONG J X,FANG X,ZHOU P,et al.Preliminary investigation into application of flame jet thermite to scrap ammunition destruction[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2016(5):46-49.
[21]易建坤,吴腾芳.高热剂燃烧法销毁薄壁弹药的实验研究[J].火工品,2005(1):17-21.YI J K,WU T F.Experimental study on disposal of thin-shell ammunition by thermite combustion[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2005(1):17-21.
[22]易建坤,吴腾芳,贺五一.用于弹药燃烧销毁的高热剂配方实验研究[J].爆破,2005,22(1):107-111.YI J K,WU T F,HE W Y.Expermiental study on the composition of thermite applied in the ammunition disposal[J].Blasting,2005,22(1):107-111.
[2]万涛.大批量炸药和废旧弹药的销毁实践[J].爆破,2009,26(2):80-83.WAN T.Destruction practice of large quantities disusedor deactivated explosive and ammunitions devices[J].Blasting,2009,26(2):80-83.
[3]刘鹏,张怀智,金昌根,等.废旧弹药爆破销毁技术综述[J].工程爆破,2011,17(1):86-89.LIU P,ZHANG H Z,JIN C G,et al.Overview on the technology of blasting destruction abandoned ammunition[J].Engineering Blasting,2011,17(1):86-89.
[4]谷智国,张怀智,杜润生,等.废旧弹药销毁方法探讨[J].工程爆破,2012,18(1):97-99.GU Z G,ZHANG H Z,DU R S,et al.Destuction methods of waste ammunition[J].Engineering Blasting,2012,18(1):97-99.
[5]罗福友,周浩仓,罗福龙,等.废旧手榴弹销毁设计与实施[J].价值工程,2016(26):262-264.LUO F Y,ZHOU H C,LUO F L,et al.Design and construction of discarded ammunition destruction[J].Value Engineering,2016(26):262-264.
[6]宋桂飞,李成国,夏福君,等.聚能射流侵彻引爆薄壁弹实验研究[J].爆破,2010,27(1):76-77.SONG G F,LI C G,XIA F J,et al.Experimental study on disposal of thin-shell ammunition by shaped charge jet[J].Blasting,2010,27(1):76-77.
[7]黄鹏波,张怀智,谢全民,等.废弃常规弹药销毁技术综述[J].工程爆破,2013,19(6):53-56.HUANG P B,ZHANG H Z,XIE Q M,et al.Review on destruction technology of rejected conventional ammunition[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(6):53-56.
[8]于淑宝,汪旭光,王伯银.被覆爆炸法-销毁常规废旧弹药的技术[J].工程爆破,2016,22(6):83-86.YU S B,WANG X G,WANG B Y.Coated blasting method-technology of destroying conventional and abandoned ammunition[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(6):83-86.
[9]徐其鹏,陈松,罗志龙,等.国外废旧弹药回收全流程技术进展[J].飞航导弹,2016(1):67-73.XU Q P,CHEN S,LUO Z L,et al.Technical progress of the whole process of recycle waste ammunition abroad[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2016(1):67-73.
[10]任青君,李宾频,姚勇.浅谈常规报废弹药销毁新技术[J].科协论坛,2010(10):69-70.REN Q J,LI B P,YAO Y.A brief discussion on the destruction of new technology of conventional scrap ammunition[J].Science and Technology BBS,2010(10):69-70.
[11]李世聪.论战争年代遗留废旧弹药的销毁[J].沿海企业与科技,2007(7):183-185.LI S C.Old ammunition was destroyed during the war[J].Coastal Enterprises and Science&Technology,2007(7):183-185.
[12]张启功,安振涛,肖辉,等.基于金属熔流的未爆弹药销毁技术研究进展[J].工程爆破,2016,22(4):47-51.ZHANG Q G,AN Z T,XIAO H,et al.Unexploded ordnance destruction technology based on metal flow[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(4):47-51.
[13]易建坤,贺五一,吴腾芳,等.高热剂在弹药销毁领域应用初探[J].工程爆破,2004,10(4):21-25.YI J K,HE W Y,WU T F,et al.Preliminary investigation into application of thermite in destruction of ammunition[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(4):21-25.
[14]SONG E.Thermite destructive device:US5698812[P].1997-12-16.
[15]HAMPEL H.Hazardous material disposal,especially chemical monition disposal:DE19740089[P].1998-12.
[16]吴永胜,辛文彤,袁东升,等.一种手工自蔓延切割技术的研究[J].火工品,2015(5):14-16.WU Y S,XIN W T,YUAN D S,et al.Study on manual shs cutting technology[J].Initiators and Pyrotechnics,2015(5):14-16.
[17]王森,辛文彤,吴永胜,等.高热剂对燃烧型切割弹切割性能影响的研究[J].金属铸锻焊技术,2012,41(13):202-204.WANG S,XIN W T,WU Y S,et al.Effect of thermit on cutting capability of combustion cutting ammunition[J].Casting Forging Welding,2012,41(13):202-204.
[18]吴艺英,王瑞林,辛文彤,等.装药直径对切割弹燃烧及切割效率的影响[J].电焊机,2014,44(3):26-30.WU Y Y,WANG R R,XIN W T,et al.Combustion and cutting efficiency of cutting ammunition influencing by charge diameter[J].Electric Welding Machine,2014,44(3):26-30.
[19]吴艺英,王瑞林,辛文彤,等.装药长度对切割弹切割性能的影响[J].火工品,2013(1):13-16.WU Y Y,WANG R L,XIN W T,et al.Influence of change length on cutting property of cutting ammunition[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2013(1):13-16.
[20]宋佳星,方向,周鹏,等.火焰射流型高热剂在废旧弹药销毁中的应用初探[J].火工品,2016(5):46-49.SONG J X,FANG X,ZHOU P,et al.Preliminary investigation into application of flame jet thermite to scrap ammunition destruction[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2016(5):46-49.
[21]易建坤,吴腾芳.高热剂燃烧法销毁薄壁弹药的实验研究[J].火工品,2005(1):17-21.YI J K,WU T F.Experimental study on disposal of thin-shell ammunition by thermite combustion[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2005(1):17-21.
[22]易建坤,吴腾芳,贺五一.用于弹药燃烧销毁的高热剂配方实验研究[J].爆破,2005,22(1):107-111.YI J K,WU T F,HE W Y.Expermiental study on the composition of thermite applied in the ammunition disposal[J].Blasting,2005,22(1):107-111.