城市内部知识密集型服务业的时空格局研究——以保定市为例
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摘要
研究以全国首个创新驱动发展示范市保定市为例,基于第二、三次经济普查数据,运用核密度估计、最邻近层次聚类与空间句法等方法探讨2008~2013年城市内部知识密集型服务业的时空格局。结果表明:就面状空间而言,(1)行业整体的城市中心区指向明显,且在京广铁路两侧出现越发明显空间分异现象,其主要热点区的演变兼具路径依赖与增长点带动特征。(2)不同类型企业的时空格局存在成对相似性。其中,金融业与科技服务业在两次普查期间均具备向外扩展与向心集聚并存的发展模式,不仅集聚区域面积增幅显著,主要热点区也由单一转向多元。商务服务业与科技服务业的发展模式则以集约式集聚为主,集聚区域的面积出现收缩,但主要热点区所包含的企业数量与密度却成倍增长。就线性时空格局而言,(1)行业整体与不同类型企业均表现出较为清晰的层级结构,而这种结构也在两次普查期间逐渐趋同。(2)企业区位选择更加注重所在道路的"可达"而非"通过"能力。
By using multiple analysis methods such as kernel density estimate, nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial clustering and space syntax, this paper examines the spatial and temporal pattern of knowledge intensive business services(KIBS) in Baoding, the first demonstration city of innovation-driven development strategy in China based on the enterprise data of the second(in 2008) or third(in 2013) economic census. The results shows: considering the block structure,(1) the KIBS enterprises have significant characteristics of spatial concentration and remarkable differentiations on both side of Beijing-Guangzhou railway. Meanwhile, the evolution of major hot spots shows the duality of path-independence and growth points drive effect.(2) different types of KIBS have some similarity in pairs. Financial service and sci-tech service enterprises shows the evolution patterns of outward diffusion and inward agglomeration. Business service and information service enterprises' evolution patterns is intensive agglomeration. As far as linear structure concerned,(1) the whole KIBS enterprises and different types of them have similar hierarchical systems which are gradually converging from 2008 to 2013.(2) the enterprises' location choices are paying more attention to traffic network' s "access" ability rather than "through".
By using multiple analysis methods such as kernel density estimate, nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial clustering and space syntax, this paper examines the spatial and temporal pattern of knowledge intensive business services(KIBS) in Baoding, the first demonstration city of innovation-driven development strategy in China based on the enterprise data of the second(in 2008) or third(in 2013) economic census. The results shows: considering the block structure,(1) the KIBS enterprises have significant characteristics of spatial concentration and remarkable differentiations on both side of Beijing-Guangzhou railway. Meanwhile, the evolution of major hot spots shows the duality of path-independence and growth points drive effect.(2) different types of KIBS have some similarity in pairs. Financial service and sci-tech service enterprises shows the evolution patterns of outward diffusion and inward agglomeration. Business service and information service enterprises' evolution patterns is intensive agglomeration. As far as linear structure concerned,(1) the whole KIBS enterprises and different types of them have similar hierarchical systems which are gradually converging from 2008 to 2013.(2) the enterprises' location choices are paying more attention to traffic network' s "access" ability rather than "through".
引文
[1]冯飞,王晓明,王金照.对我国工业化发展阶段的判断[J].中国发展观察,2012,8(8):24-26.
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[13]毕秀晶,汪明峰,李健,等.上海大都市区软件产业空间集聚与郊区化[J].地理学报,2011,66(12):1682-1694.
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[15]王瑶莉,高松,刘瑜.青岛城市道路邻近中心性及其应用方法[J].地理研究,2013,32(3):452-464.
[16]杜力,陆邵明,钟晨.少数民族传统聚落的空间逻辑--以云南怒江自治州独龙江乡普卡旺村为例[J].城市发展研究,2015,22(10):15-19+24.
[17]Hillier B.1996.Space is the machine:a configurational theory of architecture[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
[18]Hillier B,Yang T,Turner A.Normalising least angle choice in depthmap and how it opens up new perspectives on the global and local analysis of city space[J].Journal of Space Syntax,2012,3(2):155-193.
[19]Jiang B.Street hierarchies:a minority of streets account for a majority of traffic flow[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(8):1033-1048.
[20]Kimelberg S M,Williams E.Evaluating the importance of business location factors:The influence of facility type[J].Growth and Change,2013,44(1):92-117.
(1)2015年5月,保定市部分行政区划调整,市辖区由新市区、北市区、南市区变为竞秀区(原新市区)、莲池区(原北市区、南市区合并)、满城区(原满城县)、清苑区(原清苑县)、徐水区(原徐水县),本文综合考虑区划调整时间与各区知识经济发展水平,在研究中尚未包含3个新近县改区。
[2]Hertog P.Knowledge-intensive business services as coproducers of innovation[J].International Journal of Innovation Management,2000,4(4):491-528.
[3]Miles I.Knowledge intensive business services:prospects and policies[J].Foresight,2005,7(6):39-63.
[4]Coffey W J,Shearmur R G.Agglomeration and dispersion of high-order service employment in the Montreal metropolitan region,1981-96[J].Urban Studies,2002,39(3):359-378.
[5]Méndez R,Moral S S.Spanish cities in the knowledge economy Theoretical debates and empirical evidence[J].European Urban and Regional Studies,2011,18(2):136-155.
[6]Storper M.Keys to the city:how economics,institutions,social interaction,and politics shape development[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2013.
[7]Shearmur R,Coffey W,Dube C,et al.Intrametropolitan employment structure:Polycentricity,scatteration,dispersal and chaos in Toronto,Montreal and Vancouver,1996-2001[J].Urban Studies,2007,44(9):1713-1738.
[8]Halbert L.Collaborative and collective:reflexive coordination and the dynamics of open innovation in the digital industry clusters of the Paris region[J].Urban Studies,2012,49(11):2357-2376.
[9]Mu?iz I,Garcia-López Mà.The polycentric knowledge economy in Barcelona[J].Urban Geography,2010,31(6):774-799.
[10]Watkins A R.The spatial distribution of economic activity in Melbourne,1971-2006[J].Urban Geography,2014,35(7):1041-1065.
[11]李普峰,李同升.西安市生产性服务业空间格局及其机制分析[J].城市发展研究,2009,16(3):87-91.
[12]邵晖.北京市生产者服务业聚集特征[J].地理学报,2008,63(12):1289-1298.
[13]毕秀晶,汪明峰,李健,等.上海大都市区软件产业空间集聚与郊区化[J].地理学报,2011,66(12):1682-1694.
[14]蒋丽.广州市生产性服务业空间分布及成因研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(3):106-113.
[15]王瑶莉,高松,刘瑜.青岛城市道路邻近中心性及其应用方法[J].地理研究,2013,32(3):452-464.
[16]杜力,陆邵明,钟晨.少数民族传统聚落的空间逻辑--以云南怒江自治州独龙江乡普卡旺村为例[J].城市发展研究,2015,22(10):15-19+24.
[17]Hillier B.1996.Space is the machine:a configurational theory of architecture[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
[18]Hillier B,Yang T,Turner A.Normalising least angle choice in depthmap and how it opens up new perspectives on the global and local analysis of city space[J].Journal of Space Syntax,2012,3(2):155-193.
[19]Jiang B.Street hierarchies:a minority of streets account for a majority of traffic flow[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(8):1033-1048.
[20]Kimelberg S M,Williams E.Evaluating the importance of business location factors:The influence of facility type[J].Growth and Change,2013,44(1):92-117.
(1)2015年5月,保定市部分行政区划调整,市辖区由新市区、北市区、南市区变为竞秀区(原新市区)、莲池区(原北市区、南市区合并)、满城区(原满城县)、清苑区(原清苑县)、徐水区(原徐水县),本文综合考虑区划调整时间与各区知识经济发展水平,在研究中尚未包含3个新近县改区。