京津冀工业源大气污染排放空间集聚特征分析
|
摘要
京津冀地区是全国能源消耗强度最大、大气污染最严重的区域,是全国钢铁、火电、水泥等重工业集中发展区。考虑到京津冀严峻的大气环境形势和区域间大气污染物跨界传输的现状,开展京津冀大气污染协同治理需要明确大气污染排放的空间集聚特征。基于京津冀2013年企业污染源环境统计数据,应用核密度空间分析工具模拟了京津冀工业源大气污染排放空间集聚特征。研究结果显示:(1)京津冀钢铁冶炼行业、电力热力行业、非金属制品业以及基础化工是京津冀主要大气污染排放行业;(2)工业源大气污染排放主要集中在唐山、天津、邯郸和石家庄,合计占到整个区域SO_2和NO_x排放的60%和64%;(3)京津冀区域SO_2和NO_x排放密度高于5 t/km2的区域分别占整个区域面积的19.3%和19.1%,在唐山、石家庄、邯郸、天津、保定、廊坊等形成集中的大气污染集聚区。针对上述重点污染行业和污染排放密集区域,应开展区域协同综合治理,通过区域间排污权交易、绿色金融、产业结构优化升级等措施,提升区域大气环境质量。
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,where steel,power,cement and other heavy industries clustered,has the largest energy intensity and most serious air pollution national wide. In consideration of the status quo of poor atmospheric environment and interregional transboundary transmissions of air pollutant,it is necessary to clear the spatial aggregation of air pollutant emission in the cooperative air environmental control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. On the basis of the environmental statistics from the enterprise level in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2013,a kernel density estimation tool has been conducted to investigate the spatial aggregation characteristic of sectoral air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Results has shown that: 1) Steel,power and heat,non-metal mineral products and chemical industry are the main air pollution sectors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 2) Sectoral air pollution mainly concentrated in Tangshan,Tianjin,Handan and Shijiazhuang,where the SO_2 and NO_x emissions occupied nearly 60% and40% of the regional emissions,respectively. 3) Tangshan,Shijiazhuang,Handan,Tianjin,Baoding,Langfang are the main air pollution cluster,where the SO_2 and NOxemission density above 5 t/km~2. It is suggested that regional cooperative comprehensive governance should be conducted in the air pollution cluster to improve the regional air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,by air pollutant emission trading,green finance,and the optimization and upgrading of key industries.
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,where steel,power,cement and other heavy industries clustered,has the largest energy intensity and most serious air pollution national wide. In consideration of the status quo of poor atmospheric environment and interregional transboundary transmissions of air pollutant,it is necessary to clear the spatial aggregation of air pollutant emission in the cooperative air environmental control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. On the basis of the environmental statistics from the enterprise level in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2013,a kernel density estimation tool has been conducted to investigate the spatial aggregation characteristic of sectoral air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Results has shown that: 1) Steel,power and heat,non-metal mineral products and chemical industry are the main air pollution sectors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 2) Sectoral air pollution mainly concentrated in Tangshan,Tianjin,Handan and Shijiazhuang,where the SO_2 and NO_x emissions occupied nearly 60% and40% of the regional emissions,respectively. 3) Tangshan,Shijiazhuang,Handan,Tianjin,Baoding,Langfang are the main air pollution cluster,where the SO_2 and NOxemission density above 5 t/km~2. It is suggested that regional cooperative comprehensive governance should be conducted in the air pollution cluster to improve the regional air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,by air pollutant emission trading,green finance,and the optimization and upgrading of key industries.
引文
[1]Zhao Hongyan,Zhang Qiang,Huo Hong,et al.Environmenteconomy tradeoff for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei's exports[J].Applied Energy,2016,184:926-935.
[2]王跃思,姚利,刘子锐,等.京津冀大气霾污染及控制策略思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2013(3):353-363.
[3]Lang Jianlei,Cheng Shuiyuan,Wei Wei,et al.A study on the trends of vehicular emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,62(15):605-614.
[4]赵斌,马建中.天津市大气污染源排放清单的建立[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(2):368-375.
[5]薛亦峰,曲松,闫静,等.北京市水泥工业大气污染物排放清单及污染特征[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(1):201-204.
[6]伯鑫,赵春丽,吴铁,等.京津冀地区钢铁行业高时空分辨率排放清单方法研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2554-2560.
[7]吴晓璇.京津冀地区水泥行业一次细颗粒物源排放清单及排放趋势研究[D].天津:南开大学,2016.
[8]王自发,李丽娜,吴其重,等.区域输送对北京夏季臭氧浓度影响的数值模拟研究[J].自然杂志,2008,30(4):194
[9]安俊岭,李健,张伟,等.京津冀污染物跨界输送通量模拟[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2684-2692.
[10]Streets,D.G.,J.S.Fu,C.J.Jang,et al.Air quality during the2008 Beijing Olympic Games[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(26):480-492.
[11]薛文博,付飞,王金南,等.中国PM2.5跨区域传输特征数值模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1361-1368.
[12]Walters,R.M.Density estimation for statistics and data analysis[M].Chapman and Hall.1986:296-297.
[13]魏伟,石培基,脱敏雍,等.基于GIS的甘肃省道路网密度分布特征及空间依赖度分析[J].地理科学,2012,32(11):1297-1303.
[14]周麟,沈体雁,于瀚辰,等.城市内部知识密集型服务业的时空格局研究——以保定市为例[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(11):1-10.
[15]张媛媛,吴立新,任传斌,等.APEC会议前后京津冀空气污染物时空变化特征[J].科技导报,2016,34(24):115-121.
[16]李海萍,赵颖,傅毅明.京津冀国家干线公路污染空间特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3515-3526.
(1)数据来源于中华人民共和国环境保护部2017年发布的《2016中国环境状况公报》。
(2)数据来源于北京市环境保护局2014年正式发布的PM2.5来源解析研究成果,见http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjepb/323265/340674/396253/index.html。
(3)数据来源于2016年中国统计出版社正式出版的《中国能源统计年鉴2016》。
[2]王跃思,姚利,刘子锐,等.京津冀大气霾污染及控制策略思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2013(3):353-363.
[3]Lang Jianlei,Cheng Shuiyuan,Wei Wei,et al.A study on the trends of vehicular emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,62(15):605-614.
[4]赵斌,马建中.天津市大气污染源排放清单的建立[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(2):368-375.
[5]薛亦峰,曲松,闫静,等.北京市水泥工业大气污染物排放清单及污染特征[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(1):201-204.
[6]伯鑫,赵春丽,吴铁,等.京津冀地区钢铁行业高时空分辨率排放清单方法研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2554-2560.
[7]吴晓璇.京津冀地区水泥行业一次细颗粒物源排放清单及排放趋势研究[D].天津:南开大学,2016.
[8]王自发,李丽娜,吴其重,等.区域输送对北京夏季臭氧浓度影响的数值模拟研究[J].自然杂志,2008,30(4):194
[9]安俊岭,李健,张伟,等.京津冀污染物跨界输送通量模拟[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2684-2692.
[10]Streets,D.G.,J.S.Fu,C.J.Jang,et al.Air quality during the2008 Beijing Olympic Games[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(26):480-492.
[11]薛文博,付飞,王金南,等.中国PM2.5跨区域传输特征数值模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1361-1368.
[12]Walters,R.M.Density estimation for statistics and data analysis[M].Chapman and Hall.1986:296-297.
[13]魏伟,石培基,脱敏雍,等.基于GIS的甘肃省道路网密度分布特征及空间依赖度分析[J].地理科学,2012,32(11):1297-1303.
[14]周麟,沈体雁,于瀚辰,等.城市内部知识密集型服务业的时空格局研究——以保定市为例[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(11):1-10.
[15]张媛媛,吴立新,任传斌,等.APEC会议前后京津冀空气污染物时空变化特征[J].科技导报,2016,34(24):115-121.
[16]李海萍,赵颖,傅毅明.京津冀国家干线公路污染空间特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3515-3526.
(1)数据来源于中华人民共和国环境保护部2017年发布的《2016中国环境状况公报》。
(2)数据来源于北京市环境保护局2014年正式发布的PM2.5来源解析研究成果,见http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjepb/323265/340674/396253/index.html。
(3)数据来源于2016年中国统计出版社正式出版的《中国能源统计年鉴2016》。