京津冀区域工业水污染排放空间密度特征研究
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摘要
京津冀地区是海河流域水资源开发程度最高的流域,水资源严重短缺,废水排污量大,水资源、水环境已成为制约京津冀地区发展的全局性限制因素。考虑到京津冀严峻的水环境形势和流域上下游污染影响的现状,明确水污染物空间排放特征,对于划分水污染空间管理分区、设计分区污染物减排方案,推动京津冀水污染协同治理都有着积极的作用。文章基于京津冀企业污染源环境统计数据,应用核密度空间分析工具模拟了京津冀工业源水污染排放空间集聚特征。结果显示,(1)京津冀工业源COD和NH_3-N排放最多的行业集中在造纸和纸制品业、农副食品加工业、化学原料和化学制品制造业、纺织业等十大行业。(2)京津冀工业源COD排放主要集中在邯郸、天津、张家口和秦皇岛,合计占京津冀区域COD总排放的56%;工业源NH_3-N排放主要集中在邯郸、天津,合计占京津冀区域NH_3-N总排放的52%。(3)COD排放密度大于1 t?km~(-2)的区域面积占京津冀区域面积的20.4%,在石家庄、保定、秦皇岛、天津、邢台、唐山等市形成显著的COD污染集聚区位;氮排放密度高于0.2 t?km~(-2)的区域面积占京津冀区域面积的15.9%,污染集聚区主要位于天津、承德、石家庄等地。根据水污染空间密度分析结果,针对京津冀不同区域不同行业制定有针对性的水污染防治措施,根据上述重点污染行业和污染排放密集区域,加强水污染综合管控力度,开展区域协同综合治理,提升区域水环境质量。
In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)Region,the water resources and environment has become a development constraint.In consideration of the status quo of poor water environment,it is necessary to study the spatial aggregation of water pollution in the cooperative water environmental control in BTH Region,which also has a positive effect on the water pollution space management zoning and the design of zone pollutant emission reduction plan.On the basis of the environmental statistics from the enterprise level in BTH Region in 2013,a kernel density estimation has been conducted to investigate the spatial aggregation characteristic of industrial water pollution in BTH Region.Results showed that:(1)Paper products,food industry,chemical manufacturing,and textile industry were the main water polluting sectors in BTH Region.(2)Industrial water pollution was mainly concentrated in Tianjin and Handan,COD also gathered in Zhangjiakou and Qinghuangdao,where the COD and NH_3-N emissions accounted for nearly 56%and 52%of the regional emissions,respectively.(3)Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Xingtai,Tangshan,was the main COD pollution cluster,where the COD emission density was above 1 t?km~(-2).Shijiazhuang,Chengde,and Tianjin were the main NH_3-N pollution cluster,where the NH_3-N emission density was above 0.2 t?km~(-2).According to the spatial density analysis of water pollution,control measures in different regions were proposed.It is suggested that regional cooperative comprehensive governance should be conducted in the water pollution cluster to improve the regional water quality in BTH Region.
In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)Region,the water resources and environment has become a development constraint.In consideration of the status quo of poor water environment,it is necessary to study the spatial aggregation of water pollution in the cooperative water environmental control in BTH Region,which also has a positive effect on the water pollution space management zoning and the design of zone pollutant emission reduction plan.On the basis of the environmental statistics from the enterprise level in BTH Region in 2013,a kernel density estimation has been conducted to investigate the spatial aggregation characteristic of industrial water pollution in BTH Region.Results showed that:(1)Paper products,food industry,chemical manufacturing,and textile industry were the main water polluting sectors in BTH Region.(2)Industrial water pollution was mainly concentrated in Tianjin and Handan,COD also gathered in Zhangjiakou and Qinghuangdao,where the COD and NH_3-N emissions accounted for nearly 56%and 52%of the regional emissions,respectively.(3)Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Xingtai,Tangshan,was the main COD pollution cluster,where the COD emission density was above 1 t?km~(-2).Shijiazhuang,Chengde,and Tianjin were the main NH_3-N pollution cluster,where the NH_3-N emission density was above 0.2 t?km~(-2).According to the spatial density analysis of water pollution,control measures in different regions were proposed.It is suggested that regional cooperative comprehensive governance should be conducted in the water pollution cluster to improve the regional water quality in BTH Region.
引文
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魏伟,石培基,脱敏雍,等.2012.基于GIS的甘肃省道路网密度分布特征及空间依赖度分析[J].地理科学,32(11):1297-1303.
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周麟,沈体雁,于瀚辰,等.2016.城市内部知识密集型服务业的时空格局研究--以保定市为例[J].城市发展研究,23(11):1-10.
LIN Y P,CHU H J,WU C F,et al.2010.Hotspot analysis of spatial environmental pollutants using kernel density estimation and geostatistical techniques[J].International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,8(1):75-88.
PORTNOV B A,DUBNOV J,BARCHANA M.2009.Studying the association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence in a large metropolitan area using a kernel density function[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,43(3):141-150.
TULURI F.2005.Hotspot Analysis of Spatial Air Pollutants and Asthma Rate in New York State using Kernel Density Estimation[J].Journal of Neurology,252 Suppl 1(1):I7-13.
WALTERS R M.1986.Density estimation for statistics and data analysis[M].London:Chapman and Hall:39(4):296-297.
WANG Y,WU F,GIESY J P,et al.2015.Non-parametric kernel density estimation of species sensitivity distributions in developing water quality criteria of metals[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,22(18):13980.
ZHANG Z M,WANG X Y,ZHANG Y,et al.2012.The Over Polluted Water Quality Assessment of Weihe River Based on Kernel Density Estimation[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,13:1271-1282.
陈向,周伟奇,韩立建,等.2016.京津冀地区污染物排放与城市化过程的耦合关系[J].生态学报,36(23):7814-7825.
何潭振.2016.京津冀“PM2.5红线”怎么划?解读《京津冀协同发展生态环境保护规划》[J].地球,238(2):54-56.
环境保护部.2017.2016年中国环境质量公报[R].北京:环境保护部.
井柳新,王东,孙宏亮,等.2016.关于构建京津冀地区地下水污染防控体系的思考[J].环境保护,44(9):47-50.
刘华军,杜广杰.2016.中国城市大气污染的空间格局与分布动态演进--基于161个城市AQI及6种分项污染物的实证[J].经济地理,36(10):33-38.
刘年磊,卢亚灵,蒋洪强,等.2017.基于环境质量标准的环境承载力评价方法及其应用[J].地理科学进展,36(3):296-305.
刘瑜洁,刘俊国,赵旭,等.2016.京津冀水资源脆弱性评价[J].土保持通报,36(3):211-218.
马民涛,梁增强,杜改芳.2014.京津冀地区典型城市地表水质污染类型划分及驱动力研究[J].四川环境,33(2):53-57.
孟丽霞,宋爽,王亮.2015.京津冀地区水污染排放强度减排潜力分析[C]//中国环境科学学会.2015年中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集.深圳:中国环境科学出版社.
水利部海河水利委员会.2015.海河流域重点水功能区水质状况通报2015年12月[EB/OL].http://www.hwcc.gov.cn/hwcc/wwgj/xxgb/zyhhszxx/zdsgnq/201601/t20160126_54083.html,2016-01-26.
谭茵,刘鹭,段敏.2017.京津冀地区水污染问题调查研究[J].黑龙江科技信息,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2017.06.003.
魏伟,石培基,脱敏雍,等.2012.基于GIS的甘肃省道路网密度分布特征及空间依赖度分析[J].地理科学,32(11):1297-1303.
张楠,李春晖,杨志峰,等.2017.基于灰水足迹理论的河北省水资源评价[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),53(1):75-79.
张伟,许开鹏,蒋洪强.2017.京津冀区域环境保护战略研究[M].北京:中国环境出版社.
周麟,沈体雁,于瀚辰,等.2016.城市内部知识密集型服务业的时空格局研究--以保定市为例[J].城市发展研究,23(11):1-10.