大豆传统产区粮食作物种植结构变化特征及原因分析——以黑龙江省嫩江县为例
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摘要
[目的]近年来国内大豆播种面积和产量不断下降,而进口量却不断增加,2014年达7 140万t,是国内大豆产量的6倍。黑龙江省是我国最主要的大豆传统产区,其近年的种植结构变化导致国内大豆产量下降。[方法]通过对黑龙江省粮食作物种植结构变化特征进行统计数据分析,发现主要粮食作物呈现"两增一减"的格局:玉米和粳稻播种面积增加,大豆面积减少,且近年来大豆种植区域逐渐向黑龙江省西部集中。在此基础上,选取黑龙江省西北部的嫩江县作为研究区代表,利用遥感影像数据对其种植结构按积温带变化特征进行深入分析。[结果]研究发现:2000年以来,研究区种植结构发生了较大变化。2000~2007年间,第四积温带大豆种植面积大幅度增加;2007~2014年第四、五积温带新兴玉米面积猛增到17.4万hm2,且有继续北扩趋势,并推动大豆北扩东移,2014年大豆在粮食总播种面积中的比重较2000年减少27个百分点。[结论]新玉米品种的推广和作物种植比较收益是影响大豆传统产区种植结构变化的主要因素。
In recent years,domestic soybean acreage and production continuously decline,while imports have continued to increase in 2014,amounting to 7 140 million tons which is six times as the domestic soybean production.Heilongjiang is one of China's most important traditional soybean producing areas,the crop structure changes in recent years led to the change of domestic soybean yields. Using of statistical data,this paper analyzed the changes in crop planting structure features in Heilongjiang province. The results found that corn and rice acreage increased,but soybean area decreased and gradually concentrated to the west of Heilongjiang province in recent years. In addition,taking Nenjiang county in northwest of Heilongjiang as the representative research area,this paper used the remote sensing image data to analyze the planting structure characteristics according to accumulated temperature zone. The results showed that the planting structure in the study area had greatly changed since 2000. Soybean acreage increased dramatically in the forth accumulated temperature zone in 2000-2007. Emerging corn acreage increased in the forth and fifth accumulated temperature zones in 2000-2014,and showed a tendency to northward expansion. Due to the northward and eastward expansion,the total soybean sown area decreased by 27% in 2014 compared to 2000.
In recent years,domestic soybean acreage and production continuously decline,while imports have continued to increase in 2014,amounting to 7 140 million tons which is six times as the domestic soybean production.Heilongjiang is one of China's most important traditional soybean producing areas,the crop structure changes in recent years led to the change of domestic soybean yields. Using of statistical data,this paper analyzed the changes in crop planting structure features in Heilongjiang province. The results found that corn and rice acreage increased,but soybean area decreased and gradually concentrated to the west of Heilongjiang province in recent years. In addition,taking Nenjiang county in northwest of Heilongjiang as the representative research area,this paper used the remote sensing image data to analyze the planting structure characteristics according to accumulated temperature zone. The results showed that the planting structure in the study area had greatly changed since 2000. Soybean acreage increased dramatically in the forth accumulated temperature zone in 2000-2007. Emerging corn acreage increased in the forth and fifth accumulated temperature zones in 2000-2014,and showed a tendency to northward expansion. Due to the northward and eastward expansion,the total soybean sown area decreased by 27% in 2014 compared to 2000.
引文
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[15]张玉喜.玉米越区种植危害性及应对措施.种子世界,2015,(8):28~29
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[19]李孝忠,乔娟.中国大豆播种面积波动:趋势、成因及政策建议.技术经济,2008,(8):61~66
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[2]王维方,刘爱民,强文丽.中国大豆资源的虚拟土贸易及进口依存度分析.自然资源学报,2011,26(7):1139~1147
[3]国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.中国农村统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社,2001~2015
[4]屈宝香,张华,李刚.中国粮食生产布局与结构区域演变分析.中国农业资源与区划,2011,32(1):1~6
[5]梁书民.国农业种植结构及演化的空间分布和原因分析.中国农业资源与区划,2006,27(2):29~34
[6]云雅如,方修琦,王媛,等.黑龙江省过去20年粮食作物种植格局变化及其气候背景.自然资源学报,2005,(5):697~705
[7]周立青,程叶青.黑龙江省粮食生产的时空格局及动因分析.自然资源学报,2015,(3):491~501
[8]杜国明,刘彦随,刘阁.黑龙江省近30年来粮食生产变化及增产因素分析.农业现代化研究,2014,(5):519~524
[9]张莉,吴文斌,杨鹏,等.黑龙江省宾县农作物格局时空变化特征分析.中国农业科学,2013,(15):3227~3237
[10]黑龙江省统计局,国家统计局黑龙江省调查总队.黑龙江统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社,2001~2015
[11]中国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社,2001~2015
[12]李竑积,于瑛楠,李宇光.基于GIS的黑龙江省大豆种植区划分.科技创新与应用,2013,(2):212
[13]刘宏曼,郭翔宇.基于比较优势的黑龙江省粮食作物生产布局.中国农业资源与区划,2006,27(6):22~26
[14]唐薇.用5日滑动平均气温作四季划分.绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,2000,17(4):19~20,25
[15]张玉喜.玉米越区种植危害性及应对措施.种子世界,2015,(8):28~29
[16]潘文华,许世卫.黑龙江省大豆产业困境与差异化发展战略.农业经济问题,2014,(2):26~33
[17]刘爱民,封志明,阎丽珍,等.基于耕地资源约束的中国大豆生产能力研究.自然资源学报,2003,(4):430~436
[18]刘爱民,于格,于萧萌.大豆主产区主要竞争农作物生产成本与收益分析.中国农业资源与区划,2005,26(2):35~39
[19]李孝忠,乔娟.中国大豆播种面积波动:趋势、成因及政策建议.技术经济,2008,(8):61~66
[20]国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编.北京:中国统计出版社,2001~2015