不同监护类型儿童孤独感比较:社会支持的影响作用
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摘要
目的:了解不同监护类型儿童的孤独感现状、社会支持特点,分析儿童社会支持对孤独感的影响。方法:以320名不同监护类型儿童为被试,采用孤独感问卷、社会支持网络问卷收集数据,运用SPSS进行数据处理。结果:(1)不同监护类型儿童孤独感之间差异无统计学意义(F=0. 95,P> 0. 05)。(2)不同监护类型儿童社会支持主要来自父母,除了在母亲的陪伴维度双亲监护类型高于单亲、祖辈和其他监护类型外(F=2. 90,P=0. 007),不同监护类型儿童的社会支持得分在情感支持、工具性支持、价值肯定和亲密度等维度差异均无统计学意义。(3)社会支持得分与孤独感之间呈负相关,对于单亲监护和祖辈监护儿童,老师的陪伴支持是其孤独感的唯一预测因素(β=-0. 31～-0. 32),对于双亲监护儿童,母亲的工具性支持和老师的肯定价值是孤独感的有效预测因素(β=-0. 40和β=-0. 37)。结论:不同监护类型儿童孤独感之间没有显著差异,完善的社会支持网络可以有效降低儿童孤独感。
Objective: To understand the loneliness status in quo and the social support characteristics of the children with different monitoring types,and to analyze the influence of the children 's social support on loneliness. Methods:Used 320 children with different types of monitoring as subjects,maked use of Loneliness Scale and Social Support Scale to collect data,used the SPSS for the data processing. Results:(1) There was no statistically significant difference between the children's loneliness with different monitoring types(F = 0. 95,P > 0. 05).(2) The children with different monitoring types mainly get support from their parents. Parental guardianship type got higher score than that of the single parents,grandparents and other types in the mother company dimensions(F = 2. 90,P < 0. 05). There were not statistically significant difference about the different types of guardianship of children's social support scores in emotional support、instrumental support、value affirmation and intimacy dimensions.(3) Social support score and loneliness score were negatively correlated,for single parent guardianship and grandparents child,the teacher's company support was the only effective predictive factor(β =-0. 31 ～-0. 32). For parental guardianship children,the mother's instrumental support and teacher's value affirmation can certainly predict the loneliness(β =-0. 40,β =-0. 37). Conclusions: There is no significant difference in loneliness among children with different types of guardianship. The consummate social support network can effectively reduce the loneliness of children.
Objective: To understand the loneliness status in quo and the social support characteristics of the children with different monitoring types,and to analyze the influence of the children 's social support on loneliness. Methods:Used 320 children with different types of monitoring as subjects,maked use of Loneliness Scale and Social Support Scale to collect data,used the SPSS for the data processing. Results:(1) There was no statistically significant difference between the children's loneliness with different monitoring types(F = 0. 95,P > 0. 05).(2) The children with different monitoring types mainly get support from their parents. Parental guardianship type got higher score than that of the single parents,grandparents and other types in the mother company dimensions(F = 2. 90,P < 0. 05). There were not statistically significant difference about the different types of guardianship of children's social support scores in emotional support、instrumental support、value affirmation and intimacy dimensions.(3) Social support score and loneliness score were negatively correlated,for single parent guardianship and grandparents child,the teacher's company support was the only effective predictive factor(β =-0. 31 ～-0. 32). For parental guardianship children,the mother's instrumental support and teacher's value affirmation can certainly predict the loneliness(β =-0. 40,β =-0. 37). Conclusions: There is no significant difference in loneliness among children with different types of guardianship. The consummate social support network can effectively reduce the loneliness of children.
引文
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[6]郭方涛.留守儿童家庭教育方式问题及转变[J].教育评论,2017(10):67-69.
[2]王向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生量表评定手册[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,(增定版):560-563.
[3]李文道,邹鸿,赵霞.初中生的社会支持与人格的关系[J].心理学科,2005,28(4):868-871.
[4]刘宗发.农村小学留守儿童社会支持与孤独感研究[J].教育评论,2013,(2):33-35.
[5]郭永玉.人格心理学导论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007.
[6]郭方涛.留守儿童家庭教育方式问题及转变[J].教育评论,2017(10):67-69.