规模化奶牛场粪污处理及循环利用模式研究
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摘要
为探索现阶段规模化奶牛场粪污处理与利用切实可行的模式,通过对大同四方高科农牧公司应用的粪污处理与循环利用模式研究,从节约用水、环境污染、劳动力投入和运行资本等方面与常规模式进行对比分析。结果表明:与常规粪污处理模式相比,大同四方高科农牧公司粪污处理与循环利用模式年可处理粪便4.75万t,尿液2.70万t,污水0.91万t;通过污水循环利用,年节约用水2.63万t,节约开支302.7万元。因此,规模化奶牛场粪污通过固液分离后,尿液和污水通过循环利用,粪便发酵杀菌干燥后作为垫圈材料,对节约用水、改善环境污染、减少劳动力和能耗投入、降低运行成本、提高粪污资源利用效率等具有重要意义。
To study the feasible mode of dairy waste treatment and utilization in large-scale dairy farms, a comparative analysis between the recycling mode applied in Datong Sifang Hi-tech farming-grazing Co., Ltd and the conventional mode was carried based on water saving, environmental pollution, labor input and operation capital. The results showed that compared with the conventional mode, the recycling mode applied by Datong Sifang Hi-tech farming-grazing Co., Ltd could treat 47500 t dairy dung, 27000 t urine, 9100 t sewage per year; through the cyclic utilization of sewage, 26300 t water could be saved every year and the cost was cut by 3.027 million RMB. Therefore, after the solid-liquid separation of dung in large-scale dairy farm, urine and sewage could be cyclic utilized, and after fermentation, sterilization and desiccation, the dung could be used to padding cattle yard. The mode is very significant in saving water, reducing environmental pollution, lowering labor and energy consumption, minimizing the operation costs and improving the utilization efficiency of dairy waste.
To study the feasible mode of dairy waste treatment and utilization in large-scale dairy farms, a comparative analysis between the recycling mode applied in Datong Sifang Hi-tech farming-grazing Co., Ltd and the conventional mode was carried based on water saving, environmental pollution, labor input and operation capital. The results showed that compared with the conventional mode, the recycling mode applied by Datong Sifang Hi-tech farming-grazing Co., Ltd could treat 47500 t dairy dung, 27000 t urine, 9100 t sewage per year; through the cyclic utilization of sewage, 26300 t water could be saved every year and the cost was cut by 3.027 million RMB. Therefore, after the solid-liquid separation of dung in large-scale dairy farm, urine and sewage could be cyclic utilized, and after fermentation, sterilization and desiccation, the dung could be used to padding cattle yard. The mode is very significant in saving water, reducing environmental pollution, lowering labor and energy consumption, minimizing the operation costs and improving the utilization efficiency of dairy waste.
引文
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[3]王兆军,张怀成,刘键,等.规模化畜禽养殖场污染有效防治途径探讨[J].中国人口资源与环境,2001(11)51:72-74.
[4]张响英,唐现文.控制环境污染,建设生态奶牛养殖场[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008(35)8:77-79.
[5]李昌茂,孔德顺,黄世宽,等.贵州喀斯特地区奶牛粪便对环境的污染及处理利用技术[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2008(5):79-81.
[6]曲强,王立阁.畜禽粪便污染与资源化利用[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2005(6):31-32.
[7]张磊,田义文.治理农村畜禽粪便污染的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007(5):1452-1454.
[8]赵玉洁,高怀友,张克强.集约化畜禽养殖场污染物处理应用现代信息技术初探[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):190-192.
[9]彭里.畜禽粪便环境污染的产生及危害[J].家畜生态学报,2005(4):103-105.
[10]姜无边,于福满,喻洪湛,等.我国畜牧业污染的现状及防治意义[J].农业工程,2011,1(4):35-37.
[11]凌娟,李静,刘茂昌,等.畜禽粪便污染治理的新思维[J].四川林业科技,2008,29(4):99-101.
[12]丁凡琳,董晓霞,王建芬,等.奶牛养殖场粪污处理模式选择及影响因素分析[J].上海农业学报,2015,31(5):118-123.
[13]国家环境保护总局.畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准:GB18596-2001[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2001.
[14]高腾云,廉红霞,曹志军,等.农区集约化奶牛业粪污处理与循环利用技术途径[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(4):36-42.
[15]胡天印,陈玲,胡玉敏,等.奶牛粪便综合利用的技术研究[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,2004,17(3):357-361.
[16]周梦津,张榕林,蔺金印.沼气实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:105-106.
[17]杨樱,葛晶晶,刘凯荣.中国沼气工程技术研究[J].现代农业科学,2009(3):217-219.
[18]马强,白献晓,魏凤仙,等.畜禽粪便无害化处理技术探讨[J].河南农业科学,2007(1):109-111.
[19]张田,卜美东,耿维.中国畜禽粪便污染现状及产沼气潜力[J]生态杂志,2012,31(5):1241-1249.
[20]胡启春,宋立.奶牛养殖场粪污处理沼气工程技术与模式[J].中国沼气,2005,23(4):22-25.