飞行员缺氧训练监测要求与技术的探讨
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摘要
飞行员缺氧训练始终受到国内外航空医学研究领域重视。为保证训练效果和安全,结合我军目前实施的飞行员缺氧训练,对国内外飞行员缺氧训练方法、监测手段和风险进行分析,提出在训练全过程应监测受训飞行员的生理参数、工作能力变化,同时,也要监测飞行员训练使用的低压舱、供氧面罩等相关设备的物理参数。
Pilots' hypoxia training has always been highlighted in aviation medicine research at home and abroad. In order to ensure the training effect and safety, this paper analyzes pilots' hypoxia training methods,monitoring measures and risks with reference to the pilots' hypoxia training accessible in China, and proposes that the physiological parameters and performance of trained pilots' should be monitored in the whole process of training. At the same time, the physical parameters of low-pressure chambers, oxygen masks and other related equipment used for pilot training should be monitored as well.
Pilots' hypoxia training has always been highlighted in aviation medicine research at home and abroad. In order to ensure the training effect and safety, this paper analyzes pilots' hypoxia training methods,monitoring measures and risks with reference to the pilots' hypoxia training accessible in China, and proposes that the physiological parameters and performance of trained pilots' should be monitored in the whole process of training. At the same time, the physical parameters of low-pressure chambers, oxygen masks and other related equipment used for pilot training should be monitored as well.
引文
[1]航空医学编委会.航空医学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1992:41-42.
[2]Files DS, Webb JT, Pilmanis AA. Depressurization in military aircraft:rates, rapidity, and health effects for 1055 incidents[J].Aviat Space Environ Med, 2005, 76(6):523-529.
[3]Cable GG. In-flight hypoxia incidents in military aircraft:causes and implications for training[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2003, 74(2):169-172.
[4]Smith AM. Hypoxia symptoms in military aircrew:long-term recall vs. acute experience in training[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2008, 79(1):54-57.
[5]Neuhaus C, Hinkelbein J. Cognitive responses to hypobaric hypoxia:implications for aviation training[J]. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 2014, 7:297-302.
[6]吴锋,王生成,秦瑜斐,等.急进高原飞行人员主动低氧预习服方法研究[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2017, 28(2):135.
[7]Sausen KP, Bower EA, Stiney ME, et al. A closed-loop reduced oxygen breathing device for inducing hypoxiain humans[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2003, 74(11):1 190-1 197.
[8]Sausen KP, Wallick MT, Slobodnik B, et al. The reduced oxygen breathing paradigm for hypoxia training:physiological,cognitive, and subjective effects[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med,2001, 72(6):539-545.
[9]Vacchiano CA, Vagedes K, Gonzalez D. Comparison of the physiological, cognitive, and subjective effects of sea level and altitude-induced hypoxia[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2004,75(4):B56.
[10]吴兴裕,常耀明.航空卫生学[M].西安:第四军医大学出版社,2003:12-13.
[11]Steinman Y, van den Oord MHAH, Frings-Dresen MHW,et al. Flight Performance During Exposure to Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia[J]. Aerosp Med Hum Perform, 2017, 88(8):760-767.
[2]Files DS, Webb JT, Pilmanis AA. Depressurization in military aircraft:rates, rapidity, and health effects for 1055 incidents[J].Aviat Space Environ Med, 2005, 76(6):523-529.
[3]Cable GG. In-flight hypoxia incidents in military aircraft:causes and implications for training[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2003, 74(2):169-172.
[4]Smith AM. Hypoxia symptoms in military aircrew:long-term recall vs. acute experience in training[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2008, 79(1):54-57.
[5]Neuhaus C, Hinkelbein J. Cognitive responses to hypobaric hypoxia:implications for aviation training[J]. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 2014, 7:297-302.
[6]吴锋,王生成,秦瑜斐,等.急进高原飞行人员主动低氧预习服方法研究[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2017, 28(2):135.
[7]Sausen KP, Bower EA, Stiney ME, et al. A closed-loop reduced oxygen breathing device for inducing hypoxiain humans[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2003, 74(11):1 190-1 197.
[8]Sausen KP, Wallick MT, Slobodnik B, et al. The reduced oxygen breathing paradigm for hypoxia training:physiological,cognitive, and subjective effects[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med,2001, 72(6):539-545.
[9]Vacchiano CA, Vagedes K, Gonzalez D. Comparison of the physiological, cognitive, and subjective effects of sea level and altitude-induced hypoxia[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2004,75(4):B56.
[10]吴兴裕,常耀明.航空卫生学[M].西安:第四军医大学出版社,2003:12-13.
[11]Steinman Y, van den Oord MHAH, Frings-Dresen MHW,et al. Flight Performance During Exposure to Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia[J]. Aerosp Med Hum Perform, 2017, 88(8):760-767.