Cd、Zn交互作用对三七景天根系形态和重金属吸收积累的影响
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摘要
采取水培试验,研究了不同Cd、Zn浓度单一胁迫及其交互作用对三七景天生长、根系形态及Cd、Zn吸收和积累的影响.结果表明,三七景天对Cd、Zn单一胁迫均有较强的耐受性,其根、茎、叶各组织中Cd、Zn含量均随胁迫的增加而增加,且对Cd有较强的富集能力,地上部Cd含量可达133.0 mg·kg~(-1).Cd、Zn共同胁迫对三七景天生长的影响大于单一胁迫,而根系对其胁迫更为敏感,在Cd、Zn共同胁迫下其根系长度、表面积、体积和根尖数均显著降低,且对其根尖数的影响最为显著.Zn对三七景天地上部Cd吸收具有"低促高抑"效应,低浓度Zn(10 mg·L~(-1))对三七景天地上部Cd吸收有协同作用,促进Cd由根部向地上部转运.而添加Cd则对三七景天Zn吸收具有拮抗作用.Zn/Cd浓度比值对三七景天Cd吸收有显著影响,Zn/Cd比值较低时促进三七景天地上部Cd的积累,而高Zn/Cd比则抑制其Cd的积累.因此,三七景天具有较强的Cd富集能力,可应用于修复Cd污染土壤,而调节生长介质中Cd、Zn比例可促进三七景天对Cd的吸收效率.
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the interaction of Cd and Zn affecting the root morphology and accumulation of Cd and Zn in Sedum aizoon.The results show that S.aizoon exhibits a high tolerance to single stress of Cd and Zn and the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the leaf,stem,and root of S.aizoon increase as the stress levels increase.A strong phytoextraction capacity in S.aizoon was also observed for the Cd concentration in the aboveground part reaching 133.0 mg·kg~(-1).The combined stress of Cd and Zn has a greater effect on the growth of S.aizoon than single stress to which the root is more sensitive.The root length,surface area,root volume,and tips significantly decrease under combined stress of Cd and Zn;the effect on the tips is most significant.The low-level Zn application(10 mg·L~(-1)) has a synergistic effect on the Cd accumulation in the shoot of S.aizoon because of the promotion of Cd translocation from root to shoot.However,the addition of Cd leads to a notable antagonism of the Zn absorption of S.aizoon.The concentration ratio of Zn and Cd also has a significant effect on the Cd uptake of S.aizoon.A high ratio promotes the Cd accumulation in the shoot,while the latter is inhibited by a low Zn/Cd ratio.Therefore,S.aizoon possesses a strong potential of Cd phytoextraction and can be applied for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil,while the adjustment of the ratio of Cd and Zn in the growth medium will help to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of S.aizoon.
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the interaction of Cd and Zn affecting the root morphology and accumulation of Cd and Zn in Sedum aizoon.The results show that S.aizoon exhibits a high tolerance to single stress of Cd and Zn and the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the leaf,stem,and root of S.aizoon increase as the stress levels increase.A strong phytoextraction capacity in S.aizoon was also observed for the Cd concentration in the aboveground part reaching 133.0 mg·kg~(-1).The combined stress of Cd and Zn has a greater effect on the growth of S.aizoon than single stress to which the root is more sensitive.The root length,surface area,root volume,and tips significantly decrease under combined stress of Cd and Zn;the effect on the tips is most significant.The low-level Zn application(10 mg·L~(-1)) has a synergistic effect on the Cd accumulation in the shoot of S.aizoon because of the promotion of Cd translocation from root to shoot.However,the addition of Cd leads to a notable antagonism of the Zn absorption of S.aizoon.The concentration ratio of Zn and Cd also has a significant effect on the Cd uptake of S.aizoon.A high ratio promotes the Cd accumulation in the shoot,while the latter is inhibited by a low Zn/Cd ratio.Therefore,S.aizoon possesses a strong potential of Cd phytoextraction and can be applied for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil,while the adjustment of the ratio of Cd and Zn in the growth medium will help to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of S.aizoon.
引文
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[2]Tran T A,Popova L P.Functions and toxicity of cadmium in plants:recent advances and future prospects[J].Turkish Journal of Botany,2013,37(1):1-13.
[3]Saifullah,Sarwar N,Bibi S,et al.Effectiveness of zinc application to minimize cadmium toxicity and accumulation in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(4):1663-1672.
[4]Hajiboland R,Amirazad F.Growth,photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system in Zn-deficient red cabbage plants[J].Plant Soil&Environment,2010,56(5):209-217.
[5]Aravind P,Prasad M N V.Zinc protects chloroplasts and associated photochemical functions in cadmium exposed Ceratophyllum demersum L.,a freshwater macrophyte[J].Plant Science,2004,166(5):1321-1327.
[6]Hnsch R,Mendel R R.Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients(Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Ni,Mo,B,Cl)[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2009,12(3):259-266.
[7]Emamverdian A,Ding Y L,Mokhberdoran F,et al.Heavy metal stress and some mechanisms of plant defense response[J].The Scientific World Journal,2015,2015:756120,doi:10.1155/2015/756120.
[8]Qiu Q,Wang Y T,Yang Z Y,et al.Effects of phosphorus supplied in soil on subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in two Chinese flowering cabbage(Brassica parachinensis L.)cultivars differing in cadmium accumulation[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2011,49(9):2260-2267.
[9]Chaney R L.Cadmium and zinc[A].In:Hooda P S(Ed.).Trace Elements in Soils[M].Chichester,West Sussex:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd,2010.409-439.
[10]Green C E,Chaney R L,Bouwkamp J.Increased zinc supply does not inhibit cadmium accumulation by rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2017,40(6):869-877.
[11]Balen B,Tkalec M,ikic'S,et al.Biochemical responses of Lemna minor experimentally exposed to cadmium and zinc[J].Ecotoxicology,2011,20(4):815-826.
[12]Tammam A A,Hatata M M,Sadek O A.Effect of Cd and Zn interaction on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery of broad bean plants(Vicia faba L)[J].The Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology(Botany),2016,12(2):193-209.
[13]Versieren L,Evers S,Abd Elgawad H,et al.Mixture toxicity of copper,cadmium,and zinc to barley seedlings is not explained by antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2017,36(1):220-230.
[14]Cherif J,Mediouni C,Ammar W B,et al.Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants(Solarium lycopersicum)[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(5):837-844.
[15]Nan Z R,Li J J,Zhang J M,et al.Cadmium and zinc interactions and their transfer in soil-crop system under actual field conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2002,285(1-3):187-195.
[16]Cojocaru P,Gusiatin Z M,Cretescu I.Phytoextraction of Cd and Zn as single or mixed pollutants from soil by rape(Brassica napus)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(11):10693-10701.
[17]Rizwan M,Ali S,Abbas T,et al.Cadmium minimization in wheat:a critical review[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,130:43-53.
[18]Wei S H,Zhou Q X.Phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils by Rorippa globosa using two-phase planting(5 pp)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2006,13(3):151-155.
[19]Aravind P,Prasad M N V.Zinc alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Ceratophyllum demersum L.:a free floating freshwater macrophyte[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2003,41(4):391-397.
[20]Li T Q,Yang X E,Lu L L,et al.Effects of zinc and cadmium interactions on root morphology and metal translocation in a hyperaccumulating species under hydroponic conditions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,169(1-3):734-741.
[21]吴彬艳,邵冰洁,赵惠恩,等.11种广义景天属植物对Cd的耐性和积累特性[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1947-1956.Wu B Y,Shao B J,Zhao H E,et al.Cd accumulation and tolerance characteristics of 11 species in Sedum sensu lato[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(5):1947-1956.
[22]BenákováM,Ahmadi H,DucˇaiováZ,et al.Effects of Cd and Zn on physiological and anatomical properties of hydroponically grown Brassica napus plants[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(25):20705-20716.
[23]Jamali N,Ghaderian S M,Karimi N.Effects of cadmium and zinc on growth and metal accumulation of Mathiola flavida boiss[J].Environmental Engineering and Management Journal,2014,13(12):2937-2944.
[24]秦丽,祖艳群,李元.Cd对超累积植物续断菊生长生理的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(S1):48-52.Qin L,Zu Y Q,Li Y.Effects of Cd on the physiological characteristics and growth of the Sonchus asper L.Hill[J].Journal of Agro-Enviroment Science,2010,29(S1):48-52.
[25]高芳,林英杰,张佳蕾,等.镉胁迫对花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(12):2269-2276.Gao F,Lin Y J,Zhang J L,et al.Effects of cadmium stresses on physiological characteristics,pod yield,and seed quality of peanut[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(12):2269-2276.
[26]Sagardoy R,Morales F,López-Millán A F,et al.Effects of zinc toxicity on sugar beet(Beta vulgaris L.)plants grown in hydroponics[J].Plant Biology,2009,11(3):339-350.
[27]Kolusheva S,Friedman J,Angel I,et al.Membrane interactions and metal ion effects on bilayer permeation of the lipophilic ion modulator DP-109[J].Biochemistry,2005,44(36):12077-12085.
[28]Fernàndez-Martínez J,Zacchini M,Fernández-Marín B,et al.Gas-exchange,photo-and antioxidant protection,and metal accumulation in I-214 and Eridano Populus sp.clones subjected to elevated zinc concentrations[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2014,107:144-153.
[29]StolárikováM,Vaculík M,Lux A,et al.Anatomical differences of poplar(Populus×euramericana clone I-214)roots exposed to zinc excess[J].Biologia,2012,67(3):483-489.
[30]刘芸君,钟道旭,李柱,等.锌镉交互作用对伴矿景天锌镉吸收性的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):700-706.Liu Y J,Zhong D X,Li Z,et al.Interaction of Zn and Cd on heavy metal phytoextraction efficiency of Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Soils,2013,45(4):700-706.
[31]Ammar W B,Zarrouk M,Nouairi I.Zinc alleviates cadmium effects on growth,membrane lipid biosynthesis and peroxidation in Solanum lycopersicum leaves[J].Biologia,2015,70(2):198-207.
[32]Sarwar N,Ishaq W,Farid G,et al.Zinc-cadmium interactions:impact on wheat physiology and mineral acquisition[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,122:528-536.
[33]Tkalec M,tefanic'P P,Cvjetko P,et al.The effects of cadmium-zinc interactions on biochemical responses in tobacco seedlings and adult plants[J].PLo S One,2014,9(1):e87582.
[34]索炎炎.镉污染条件下叶面喷施锌肥对水稻锌镉积累的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.Suo Y Y.Effects of foliar Zinc application on Cadmium and zinc accumulation of rice grown in Cadmium contaminated soil[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.
[35]何俊瑜,任艳芳,严玉萍,等.镉胁迫对水稻幼苗生长和根尖细胞分裂的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(1):138-144.He J Y,Ren Y F,Yan Y P,et al.Impacts of cadmium stress on the growth of rice seedlings and division of their root tip cells[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(1):138-144.
[36]易诗明,蒋丽娟,易心钰,等.铅锌胁迫对蓖麻种子萌发与根系形态的影响[J].湖南林业科技,2017,44(1):19-24,29.Yi S M,Jiang L J,Yi X Y,et al.Effects of Pb2+,Zn2+stress on the seed germination and root morphology of Ricinus communis seedlings[J].Hunan Forestry Science&Technology,2017,44(1):19-24,29.
[37]徐勤松,施国新,周红卫,等.Cd、Zn复合污染对水车前叶绿素含量和活性氧清除系统的影响[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(1):5-8.Xu Q S,Shi G X,Zhou H W,et al.Effects of Cd and Zn combined pollution on chlorophyll content and scavenging system of activated Oxygen in Leaves of Ottelia alismoides(L.)Pers[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2003,22(1):5-8.
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