基于机动避让程序的配对进近安全前界计算
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摘要
针对配对进近中配对前机由于错误进近闯入配对后机航向道的情形,提出3种机动避让程序;根据2架航空器的相对运动关系建立平面直角坐标系,在此基础上构建机动避让程序模型,并对最后进近阶段2架航空器的纵向间隔进行计算;然后提出确定配对进近安全区域前界的5个步骤;最后利用上海虹桥国际机场的相关数据对模型进行仿真,计算多种闯入角度和避让角度组合下,不同侧向间距的最小安全区域前界。仿真结果表明:跑道中心线间距越小,配对的2架航空器所需的最小纵向安全间隔越大;而闯入飞机的闯入角度越小,2架航空器所需的最小纵向安全间隔越小;该方法还可以实时定量计算近距平行跑道配对进近方式下的安全区域前界。
This paper is aimed at making a brief introduction to the concept and operating mode of the paired approach in correspondence with the situation that the leading aeroplane intrudes the approach course of the rear one due to the wrong approach and in turn has brought about 3 kinds of alternative maneuver avoidance procedures. It is just based on the mutual movement relationship between the 2 aeroplanes that we have built up a plane rectangular coordinate system and the model of the maneuver avoidance scheme. And,as a further step,we have also worked out the longitudinal interval of the 2 aeroplanes in the final approach phase. At this,it is supposed that the scheme of 5 steps has determined the safety front boundary strategy. And,last of all,we have also managed to prepare and work out a simulated model with the relevant data gained from the Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport. The simulated model, once working out the minimum safety zone front boundline for the different lateral spaces under a combination of the intruding and avoidance angles,the terminal calculation can be supposed that the 2 aeroplanes would be in a condition of the risk of near miss."Dangerous approach"adopts the FAA's definition,that is,the spacing or the distance between the 2 aeroplanes is less than 500 feet away from each other. Therefore,in the calculation,it is supposed that the 2 aeroplanes are near miss and then work out their initial longitudinal safety interval by using the reverse inference to the urgent situation. The simulation results have finally indicated that the different centerline spacing of the runway and the size of the intrusion angle of the intrusion aircraft have an impact on the minimum longitudinal safety interval of the 2 aeroplanes. In such an urgent situation,the shorter the distance between the centerline of the runway,the greater the minimum longitudinal safety interval needed for the 2 paired aeroplanes. And the smaller the intrusion angle of the intruded aeroplane,the shorter the minimum longitudinal safety interval needed for the 2 paired aeroplanes. Thus,in turn,the method can also help to work out the front boundary of the safety zone in the closely spaced parallel runway pairing approach mode in the real time conditions.
This paper is aimed at making a brief introduction to the concept and operating mode of the paired approach in correspondence with the situation that the leading aeroplane intrudes the approach course of the rear one due to the wrong approach and in turn has brought about 3 kinds of alternative maneuver avoidance procedures. It is just based on the mutual movement relationship between the 2 aeroplanes that we have built up a plane rectangular coordinate system and the model of the maneuver avoidance scheme. And,as a further step,we have also worked out the longitudinal interval of the 2 aeroplanes in the final approach phase. At this,it is supposed that the scheme of 5 steps has determined the safety front boundary strategy. And,last of all,we have also managed to prepare and work out a simulated model with the relevant data gained from the Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport. The simulated model, once working out the minimum safety zone front boundline for the different lateral spaces under a combination of the intruding and avoidance angles,the terminal calculation can be supposed that the 2 aeroplanes would be in a condition of the risk of near miss."Dangerous approach"adopts the FAA's definition,that is,the spacing or the distance between the 2 aeroplanes is less than 500 feet away from each other. Therefore,in the calculation,it is supposed that the 2 aeroplanes are near miss and then work out their initial longitudinal safety interval by using the reverse inference to the urgent situation. The simulation results have finally indicated that the different centerline spacing of the runway and the size of the intrusion angle of the intrusion aircraft have an impact on the minimum longitudinal safety interval of the 2 aeroplanes. In such an urgent situation,the shorter the distance between the centerline of the runway,the greater the minimum longitudinal safety interval needed for the 2 paired aeroplanes. And the smaller the intrusion angle of the intruded aeroplane,the shorter the minimum longitudinal safety interval needed for the 2 paired aeroplanes. Thus,in turn,the method can also help to work out the front boundary of the safety zone in the closely spaced parallel runway pairing approach mode in the real time conditions.
引文
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[12] TIAN Yong(田勇),YAN Yujie(颜于杰),WAN Lili(万莉莉),et al. Internal analyses for paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway[J]. Aeronautical Computing Technique(航空计算技术),2015(5):11-14.
[13] HAN Dan(韩丹). Feasibility analyses for paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway in Shanghai Hongqiao Airport(上海虹桥机场近距平行跑道配对进近的可行性研究)[D]. Guanghan:Civil Aviation Flight University of China,2016.
[14] SONG Fei(宋斐). Research on safety boundary of paired approach mode(配对进近模式的安全区域研究)[D]. Guanghan:Civil Aviation Flight University of China,2017.
[15] CHEN Yaqing(陈亚青),HAN Dan(韩丹),HE Xin(何昕),et al. The discussion of paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway[J]. China Civil Aviation(中国民用航空),2017(5):21-22.
[16] HE Xin(何昕),JIANG Hao(蒋豪),HAN Dan(韩丹). Safety boundary of paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway[J]. Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering(航空工程进展),2017,8(3):321-326.
[17] TEO R,TOMLIN C. AIAA Guidance,Navigation,and Control Conference and Exhibit,Montreal,Canada,August 6-9,2001[C]. Montreal:AIAA,2001.
[18] BRYANT T K. Evaluation of collision alerting system requirements for paired approach[D]. Boston:Aerospace Engineering Boston University,1998.
[19] JOHNSON S C,LOHR G W,MCKISSICK B T,et al.Simplified aircraft-based paired approach:Concept definition and initial analysis[R]. Hampton:NASA Langley Research Center,2013.
[2] HAMMER J. Case study of paired approach procedure to closely spaced parallel runway[J]. Air Traffic Control Quarterly,2000,8(3):223-252.
[3] KING B T. Evaluation of collision alerting system requirements for paired approach[C]//IEEE. Proceedings of the 19th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Philadelphia:IEEE,2000.
[4] RODNEY T,CLAIRE J. Computing provably safe aircraft to aircraft spacing for closely spaced parallel approaches[C]//Proceedings of the 19th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Philadelphia:IEEE,2000.
[5] RODNEY T,CLAIRE J. Computing danger zones for provably safe closely spaced parallel approaches[J].Journal of Guidance,Control,and Dynamics,2003,26(3):434-442.
[6] RODNEY T,CLAIRE J. Provably safe evasive maneuvers against blunders in closely spaced parallel approaches[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance,Navigation&Control Conference. Montreal:AIAA,2001:173-180.
[7] ROBERT R E,HAMMER J,HAVENS D A,et al. Feasibility analyses for paired approach procedures for closely spaced parallel runway[C]//IEEE. Integrated Communications,Navigation&Surveillance Conference. Philadelphia:IEEE,2010:1-14.
[8] JOHNSON S C,LOHR G W,MCKISSICK B T,et al.The simplified aircraft-based paired approach concept definition and initial analysis[R]. Hampton:NASA Langley Research Center,2013.
[9] PERRY R B,MADDEN M M,TORRESPOMALES W,et al. The simplified aircraft-based paired approach with the ALAS alerting algorithm[R]. Hampton:NASA Langley Research Center,2013.
[10] LU Fei(卢飞),ZHANG Zhaoning(张兆宁),WEI Zhiqiang(魏志强),et al. Longitudinal collision risk assessment on paired approach on closely spaced parallel runway[J]. Journal of China Safety Science(中国安全科学学报),2013,23(8):108-113.
[11] NIU Xialei(牛夏蕾),LUZongping(吕宗平),ZHANG Zhaoning(张兆宁). The calculation of the minimum follow-up distance for paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway[J]. Aeronautical Computing Technique(航空计算技术),2015,45(4):46-48.
[12] TIAN Yong(田勇),YAN Yujie(颜于杰),WAN Lili(万莉莉),et al. Internal analyses for paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway[J]. Aeronautical Computing Technique(航空计算技术),2015(5):11-14.
[13] HAN Dan(韩丹). Feasibility analyses for paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway in Shanghai Hongqiao Airport(上海虹桥机场近距平行跑道配对进近的可行性研究)[D]. Guanghan:Civil Aviation Flight University of China,2016.
[14] SONG Fei(宋斐). Research on safety boundary of paired approach mode(配对进近模式的安全区域研究)[D]. Guanghan:Civil Aviation Flight University of China,2017.
[15] CHEN Yaqing(陈亚青),HAN Dan(韩丹),HE Xin(何昕),et al. The discussion of paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway[J]. China Civil Aviation(中国民用航空),2017(5):21-22.
[16] HE Xin(何昕),JIANG Hao(蒋豪),HAN Dan(韩丹). Safety boundary of paired approach for closely spaced parallel runway[J]. Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering(航空工程进展),2017,8(3):321-326.
[17] TEO R,TOMLIN C. AIAA Guidance,Navigation,and Control Conference and Exhibit,Montreal,Canada,August 6-9,2001[C]. Montreal:AIAA,2001.
[18] BRYANT T K. Evaluation of collision alerting system requirements for paired approach[D]. Boston:Aerospace Engineering Boston University,1998.
[19] JOHNSON S C,LOHR G W,MCKISSICK B T,et al.Simplified aircraft-based paired approach:Concept definition and initial analysis[R]. Hampton:NASA Langley Research Center,2013.