基于电路仿真的桥丝式电火工品静电危害预测
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摘要
为研究电火工品(EED)发火件材料对静电泄放(ESD)条件的响应规律及其在静电环境下的损伤情况,引用美国电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)标准和Sandia实验室标准的静电放电模型,仿真和分析了不同静电高压条件放电模型的静电泄放过程。确定了放电产生的能量,与典型电火工品中的发火材料的物理形态转换特性能量进行了对比分析。推算了ESD对典型EED的损伤情况。结果表明,泄放电流峰值随静电初始电压升高而增大,但电流波形的其它参数不变。对于40μm直径的镍铬桥丝和斯蒂芬酸铅组成的发火元件,IEEE标准ESD模型在初始电压为20 k V时桥丝温度可达到焊锡熔点、药剂分解温度和燃爆点,40 k V可使桥丝熔断,而Sandia实验室标准ESD模型在20 k V时桥丝温度可达到焊锡熔点,25 k V可到达到药剂分解温度和燃爆点,50 k V达到桥丝熔点。
The response regulations of electrostatic discharge(ESD) conditions for firing device materials of an electric explosive device(EED) and its damages under an electrostatic environment were studied.The ESD process for discharge models under different high static voltage conditions was simulated and analyzed by the ESD models from Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers(IEEE) standard and Sandia laboratory standard.Energy values produced by discharge were determined and compared and analyzed with those of physical form transformation property of firing materials in a typical EED.The damage situation of ESD to a typical EED was predicted.Results show that peak discharge current increases with increasing the initial electrostatic voltage,while the other parameters of current waveform unchanges.For a typical firing device consisting of Ni-Cr bridge wire with a diameter of 40 μm and lead styphnat,the temperature in bridge wire can reach the melting point of tin solder,decomposition and ignition points of explosive at the initial voltage of 20 kV,making bridge wire fuse at 40 kV in IEEE standard.ESD model;while in Sandia laboratory standard ESD model,the temperature in bridge wire can reach the melting point of tin solder at 20 kV,decomposition and ignition points of explosive at 25 kV and melting point of bridge wire at 50 kV.
The response regulations of electrostatic discharge(ESD) conditions for firing device materials of an electric explosive device(EED) and its damages under an electrostatic environment were studied.The ESD process for discharge models under different high static voltage conditions was simulated and analyzed by the ESD models from Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers(IEEE) standard and Sandia laboratory standard.Energy values produced by discharge were determined and compared and analyzed with those of physical form transformation property of firing materials in a typical EED.The damage situation of ESD to a typical EED was predicted.Results show that peak discharge current increases with increasing the initial electrostatic voltage,while the other parameters of current waveform unchanges.For a typical firing device consisting of Ni-Cr bridge wire with a diameter of 40 μm and lead styphnat,the temperature in bridge wire can reach the melting point of tin solder,decomposition and ignition points of explosive at the initial voltage of 20 kV,making bridge wire fuse at 40 kV in IEEE standard.ESD model;while in Sandia laboratory standard ESD model,the temperature in bridge wire can reach the melting point of tin solder at 20 kV,decomposition and ignition points of explosive at 25 kV and melting point of bridge wire at 50 kV.
引文
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[3]穆丽君,高俊国,张玉令.静电放电对电火工品作用机理研究分析与试验研究[J].工业安全与环保,2010,36(5):39-40.M U Li-jun,GAO Jun-guo,Z HAN G Yu-ling.Effect mechanism analysis and test investigation of electrostatic stimulus on electric explosive devices[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2010,36(5):39-40.
[4]郭晓荣,朱顺官,张琳,等.半导体桥静电作用前后点火特性[J].含能材料,2012,20(1):99-104.GU O X iao-rong,Z HU Shun-guan,Z HAN G Lin,et al.Ignition characteristics of non-electrostatic discharge and electrostatic discharge on semiconductor bridge[J].C hinese Journal of Energetic Materials(H anneng C ailiao),2012,20(1):99-104.
[5]王鹏,杜志明.桥丝式电火工品热点火理论[J].火工品,2007(4):26-30.W AN G Peng,D U Z hi-ming.T hermal ignition theory of electric hot w ire initiating devices[J].Initiators&Pyrotechnics,2007(4):26-30.
[6]Wilson M J.Projected response of typical detonators to electrostatic discharge(ESD)environments[R].U C R L-ID-145642,2002.
[7]Tsuyoshi Takada,Tadatoshi Sekine,Hideki Asai.Hybrid simulation of ESD events by SPIC E-like and finite-difference time-domain methods[C]∥2013 IEEE Electrical D esign of Advanced Packaging&Systems Symposium(ED APS),2013,N ara,Japan.197-200.
[8]Meng Kuo-hsuan,Rosenbaum Elyse.Verification of snapback model by transient I-V measurement for circuit simulation of ESD response[J].IEEE Transactions On Device and Materials Reliability,2013,13(2):371-378.
[9]国防科学技术工业委员会.GJB 5309.14-2004.火工品试验方法第14部分:静电放电试验[S].2004.C ommission of Science T echnology and Industry for N ational D efense.GJB 5309.14-2004.T est methods of initiating explosive devices-Part 14:Electrostatic discharge test[S].2004.
[10]United States Department of Defense.MIL-STD-331C.Department of defense test method standard:Fuze and fuze components,environmental and performance tests for[S].2005.
[11]Bruce Berry R.Electrostatic discharge testing of propellants and primers[R].SAN D-92-2416·U C-742,1992.
[12]American National Standards Institute.IEEE Std 62.47-1992.IEEE guide on electrostatic discharge(ESD):C haracterization of the ESD environment[S].1992.
[13]蔡瑞娇.火工品设计原理[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999:227-229.C AI R ui-jiao.Initiators and pypotechnics designing theory.Beijing:Beijing Insititude of T echnology Press,1999:227-229.
[14]张正茂,胡心.基于PSpice的光电探测电路仿真分析[J].光电技术应用,2012,27(5):69-76.Z HAN G Z heng-mao,HU X in.Simulation and analysis of electrooptical detection circuit based on PSpice[J].Electro-optic T echnology A pplication,2012,27(5):69-76.
[15]IEEE Standards Board.IEEE Std C62.38-1994.IEEE guide on electrostatic discharge(ESD):ESD w ithstand capability evaluation methods(for Electronic Equipment Subassemblies)[S].1994.
[16]劳允亮.起爆药化学与工艺学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004:232-238.LAO Yun-liao.C hemistry and technology of primary explosive[M].Beijing:Beijing Insititude of T echnology Press,2004:232-238.