云南盘鳇仔稚鱼发育的初步观察
|
摘要
为探究云南盘鮈(Discogobio yunnanensis)仔稚鱼发育过程,积累云南盘鮈基础生物学资料,为其规模化养殖提供科学指导,以人工孵化刚出膜的云南盘鮈仔鱼为对象,开展了其仔稚鱼发育研究。使用显微数码拍摄系统,定期观察云南盘鮈仔稚鱼各阶段的发育情况,并定性或定量描述其外部形态及内部结构特征。研究显示,在水温(20±0.5)℃的培养条件下,云南盘鮈初孵仔鱼体质量(0.012±0.001)g,全长(7.16±0.03)mm。卵黄囊呈长梨形,长(4.04±0.02)mm,高(1.35±0.02)mm。仔鱼出膜后第9天开始摄食,出膜后第28天卵黄囊消失,混合营养期长达19 d,推测该时期的存在有利于仔鱼与外界建立营养关系,降低早期发育阶段的死亡率。出膜后第45天鳞片出现,第80天鳞被完整,晚期仔鱼共历时17 d;另外,根据云南盘鮈自身特点将稚鱼期稍作调整,以出膜后第165天口吸盘发育完整作为稚鱼期结束的标志,稚鱼期共历时120 d。
In order to investigate the basic biological data of Discogobio yunnanensis larvae and juveniles and provide theoretical guidance for large-scale artificial breeding, we carried out an experiment at water temperature of(20±0.5) ℃ and observed the development of D.yunnanensis larvae and juveniles under digital camera system, described the external morphology and internal structure characteristics qualitatively or quantitatively. We found that the newly hatched larvae had the body mass of(0.012±0.001) g and the total length of(7.16±0.03) mm. The length and height of yolk sac were(4.04±0.02) mm and(1.35±0.02) mm, respectively. The larvae started feeding on 9~(th) day and the yolk sac was absorbed thoroughly on 28~(th) day after hatching. The stage of mixed nutrition lasted 19 d. It is speculated that the existence of this stage was conducive to establishing nutritional relationship between larvae and the outside world, and reducing the mortality rate at early developmental stage of fish. The scales appeared and developed entirely on 45~(th) and 80~(th) day after hatching. The late stage of larva lasted 17 d. In addition, we made a little adjustment to the juvenile stage according to the characteristics of D.yunnanensis, taking 165~(th) day after hatching as the sign of the end of juvenile stage when the sucking disc developed well. The juvenile stage lasted 120 d.
In order to investigate the basic biological data of Discogobio yunnanensis larvae and juveniles and provide theoretical guidance for large-scale artificial breeding, we carried out an experiment at water temperature of(20±0.5) ℃ and observed the development of D.yunnanensis larvae and juveniles under digital camera system, described the external morphology and internal structure characteristics qualitatively or quantitatively. We found that the newly hatched larvae had the body mass of(0.012±0.001) g and the total length of(7.16±0.03) mm. The length and height of yolk sac were(4.04±0.02) mm and(1.35±0.02) mm, respectively. The larvae started feeding on 9~(th) day and the yolk sac was absorbed thoroughly on 28~(th) day after hatching. The stage of mixed nutrition lasted 19 d. It is speculated that the existence of this stage was conducive to establishing nutritional relationship between larvae and the outside world, and reducing the mortality rate at early developmental stage of fish. The scales appeared and developed entirely on 45~(th) and 80~(th) day after hatching. The late stage of larva lasted 17 d. In addition, we made a little adjustment to the juvenile stage according to the characteristics of D.yunnanensis, taking 165~(th) day after hatching as the sign of the end of juvenile stage when the sucking disc developed well. The juvenile stage lasted 120 d.
引文
[1]褚新洛,崔桂华,周伟.盘鰔属鱼类的分类研究及两种新记述(鲤形目:鲤科)[J].动物分类学报,1993,18(2):237-246.
[2]林书颜.南中国鲤鱼及似鲤鱼类之研究[M].广州:广东建设厅水产试验场,1931:72.
[3]周伟,郑兰平.鲤科盘鰔属鱼类系统发育及其历史地理分布格局解析[J].动物分类学报,2011,36(1):104-116.
[4]郑兰平.鲤科盘鰔属鱼类的系统发育及地理分布格局研究[D].昆明:西南林学院,2007:10.
[5]周伟,崔桂华,刘得胜.云南盘鰔口吸盘发育、表面亚显微结构及功能[J].动物学报,1993,39(2):118-123.
[6]周伟,崔桂华,刘德胜.盘鰔属鱼类口吸盘的形态分化及其意义[J].动物学研究,1993,14(4):307-312.
[7]张惠芬,李宝才.云南盘鰔酶水解条件研究[J].光谱实验室,2010,27(5):1720-1724.
[8]耿相昌.大宁河鱼类资源现状及云南盘鰔生物学初步研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010:1-42.
[9]杨琴,周伟,舒树森.云南盘鮈不同地理居群的形态变异及分化[J].动物分类学报,2011,36(1):117-124.
[10]蒲德成,苏胜齐,姚维志,等.云南盘鰔肌肉营养成分分析与营养评价[J].食品科学,2015,36(10):129-133.
[11]XUE Y,CHEN H J,LI Y,et al.Mitochondrial genome of the sucking disc gudgeon,Discogobio yunnanensis(Teleostei,Cypriniformes)[J].Mitochondrial DNA,2016,27(2):1451-1452.
[12]赵健蓉,赵月月,葛海龙,等.云南盘鰔消化系统解剖学、组织学及消化酶活性研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):853-859.
[13]赵健蓉,解崇友,蔡瑞钰,等.云南盘鰔人工繁殖及胚胎发育初步观察[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(5):124-128.
[14]HOUDE E D.Fish early life dynamics and recruitment variability[J].Am Fish Soc Symp,1987,2:17-29.
[15]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J].水产学报,1991,15(4):348-358.
[16]左鹏翔,李光华,冷云,等.短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育特性研究[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(3):77-82.
[17]宋炜,宋佳坤.西伯利亚鲟仔稚鱼胚后发育的形态学和组织学观察[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):790-798.
[18]OLANIYI W A,OMITOGUN O G.Embryonic and larval developmental stages of African giant catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis(Geoffroy Saint Hilaire,1809)(Teleostei,Clariidae)[J].Springer Plus,2014,3:677.
[19]张海发,刘晓春,刘付永忠,等.斜带石斑鱼胚胎及仔稚幼鱼形态发育[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(5):689-699.
[20]杨瑞斌,谢从新,樊启学.仔稚鱼发育敏感期研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2008,27(1):161-165.
[21]施永海,张根玉,刘建忠,等.菊黄东方鲀仔稚鱼的生长、发育及行为生态[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1509-1517.
[22]付世建,曹振东,曾令清,等.鱼类游泳运动:策略与适应性进化[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:4-5.
[23]柯森繁,高柱,刘国勇,等.基于Matlab的鱼类游泳动力学分析[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(5):985-991.
[24]谭锴.当鱼鳍变成吸盘时[J].化石,2009(2):65-68.
[25]黄洪贵,胡振禧,黄种持,等.延迟投饵对匙吻鲟仔鱼存活与生长的影响[J].渔业现代化,2009,36(6):25-28.
[26]杨明生,熊邦喜,黄孝湘.匙吻鲟人工繁殖F2的早期发育[J].华中农业大学学报,2005,24(4):391-393.
[27]徐伟,曹顶臣.乌鳢的人工繁殖及仔鱼摄食生长研究[J].水产学杂志,2001,14(2):16-20.
[28]梁银铨,胡小建,虞功亮,等.长薄鳅仔稚鱼发育和生长的研究[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(1):96-100.
[29]申安华,李光华,赵树海,等.光唇裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):76-80.
[30]张磊,樊启学,方巍,等.微流水培养条件下斑鳜仔鱼的摄食与生长[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(6):1152-1159.
[31]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:139-141.
[32]YIN M C,BLAXTER J H S.Feeding ability and survival during starvation of marine fish larvae reared in the laboratory[J].J Exp Mar Biol Ecol,1987,105(1):73-83.
[33]马旭洲,王武,甘炼,等.延迟投饵对瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼存活、摄食和生长的影响[J].水产学报,2006,30(3):323-328.
[34]骆豫江,朱新平,潘德博,等.高体革鴤仔稚鱼的生长和发育[J].水产学报,2008,32(5):697-703.
[35]甘维熊,王红梅,邓龙君,等.雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育[J].动物学杂志,2016,51(2):253-260.
[36]毕晔,谭细畅,李跃飞,等.鲮的胚后发育[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008,28(6):94-96.
[37]庹云.岩原鲤胚胎、胚后发育与早期器官分化的研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2006:43.
[38]DOU S Z,MASUDA R,TANAKA M,et al.Effects of temperature and delayed initial feeding on the survival and growth of Japanese flounder larvae[J].J Fish Biol,2005,66(2):362-377.
[39]RANA K J.Influence of egg size on the growth,onset of feeding,point-of-no-return,and survival of unfed Oreochromis mossambicus fry[J].Aquaculture,1985,46(2):119-131.
[40]王武,边文冀,余卫忠,等.江黄颡鱼的仔稚鱼发育及行为生态学[J].水产学报,2005,29(4):487-495.
[41]王志强,庞守忠.黄颡鱼仔稚鱼发育和摄食习性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2009(6):311-313.
[42]邓龙君,甘维熊,曾如奎,等.雅砻江鲈鲤的人工繁殖、胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育[J].水产科学,2016,35(4):393-397.
[43]邢迎春,赵亚辉,李高岩,等.北京地区宽鳍鱲的早期发育[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(5):808-816.
[2]林书颜.南中国鲤鱼及似鲤鱼类之研究[M].广州:广东建设厅水产试验场,1931:72.
[3]周伟,郑兰平.鲤科盘鰔属鱼类系统发育及其历史地理分布格局解析[J].动物分类学报,2011,36(1):104-116.
[4]郑兰平.鲤科盘鰔属鱼类的系统发育及地理分布格局研究[D].昆明:西南林学院,2007:10.
[5]周伟,崔桂华,刘得胜.云南盘鰔口吸盘发育、表面亚显微结构及功能[J].动物学报,1993,39(2):118-123.
[6]周伟,崔桂华,刘德胜.盘鰔属鱼类口吸盘的形态分化及其意义[J].动物学研究,1993,14(4):307-312.
[7]张惠芬,李宝才.云南盘鰔酶水解条件研究[J].光谱实验室,2010,27(5):1720-1724.
[8]耿相昌.大宁河鱼类资源现状及云南盘鰔生物学初步研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010:1-42.
[9]杨琴,周伟,舒树森.云南盘鮈不同地理居群的形态变异及分化[J].动物分类学报,2011,36(1):117-124.
[10]蒲德成,苏胜齐,姚维志,等.云南盘鰔肌肉营养成分分析与营养评价[J].食品科学,2015,36(10):129-133.
[11]XUE Y,CHEN H J,LI Y,et al.Mitochondrial genome of the sucking disc gudgeon,Discogobio yunnanensis(Teleostei,Cypriniformes)[J].Mitochondrial DNA,2016,27(2):1451-1452.
[12]赵健蓉,赵月月,葛海龙,等.云南盘鰔消化系统解剖学、组织学及消化酶活性研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):853-859.
[13]赵健蓉,解崇友,蔡瑞钰,等.云南盘鰔人工繁殖及胚胎发育初步观察[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(5):124-128.
[14]HOUDE E D.Fish early life dynamics and recruitment variability[J].Am Fish Soc Symp,1987,2:17-29.
[15]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J].水产学报,1991,15(4):348-358.
[16]左鹏翔,李光华,冷云,等.短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育特性研究[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(3):77-82.
[17]宋炜,宋佳坤.西伯利亚鲟仔稚鱼胚后发育的形态学和组织学观察[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):790-798.
[18]OLANIYI W A,OMITOGUN O G.Embryonic and larval developmental stages of African giant catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis(Geoffroy Saint Hilaire,1809)(Teleostei,Clariidae)[J].Springer Plus,2014,3:677.
[19]张海发,刘晓春,刘付永忠,等.斜带石斑鱼胚胎及仔稚幼鱼形态发育[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(5):689-699.
[20]杨瑞斌,谢从新,樊启学.仔稚鱼发育敏感期研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2008,27(1):161-165.
[21]施永海,张根玉,刘建忠,等.菊黄东方鲀仔稚鱼的生长、发育及行为生态[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1509-1517.
[22]付世建,曹振东,曾令清,等.鱼类游泳运动:策略与适应性进化[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:4-5.
[23]柯森繁,高柱,刘国勇,等.基于Matlab的鱼类游泳动力学分析[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(5):985-991.
[24]谭锴.当鱼鳍变成吸盘时[J].化石,2009(2):65-68.
[25]黄洪贵,胡振禧,黄种持,等.延迟投饵对匙吻鲟仔鱼存活与生长的影响[J].渔业现代化,2009,36(6):25-28.
[26]杨明生,熊邦喜,黄孝湘.匙吻鲟人工繁殖F2的早期发育[J].华中农业大学学报,2005,24(4):391-393.
[27]徐伟,曹顶臣.乌鳢的人工繁殖及仔鱼摄食生长研究[J].水产学杂志,2001,14(2):16-20.
[28]梁银铨,胡小建,虞功亮,等.长薄鳅仔稚鱼发育和生长的研究[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(1):96-100.
[29]申安华,李光华,赵树海,等.光唇裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):76-80.
[30]张磊,樊启学,方巍,等.微流水培养条件下斑鳜仔鱼的摄食与生长[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(6):1152-1159.
[31]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:139-141.
[32]YIN M C,BLAXTER J H S.Feeding ability and survival during starvation of marine fish larvae reared in the laboratory[J].J Exp Mar Biol Ecol,1987,105(1):73-83.
[33]马旭洲,王武,甘炼,等.延迟投饵对瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼存活、摄食和生长的影响[J].水产学报,2006,30(3):323-328.
[34]骆豫江,朱新平,潘德博,等.高体革鴤仔稚鱼的生长和发育[J].水产学报,2008,32(5):697-703.
[35]甘维熊,王红梅,邓龙君,等.雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育[J].动物学杂志,2016,51(2):253-260.
[36]毕晔,谭细畅,李跃飞,等.鲮的胚后发育[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008,28(6):94-96.
[37]庹云.岩原鲤胚胎、胚后发育与早期器官分化的研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2006:43.
[38]DOU S Z,MASUDA R,TANAKA M,et al.Effects of temperature and delayed initial feeding on the survival and growth of Japanese flounder larvae[J].J Fish Biol,2005,66(2):362-377.
[39]RANA K J.Influence of egg size on the growth,onset of feeding,point-of-no-return,and survival of unfed Oreochromis mossambicus fry[J].Aquaculture,1985,46(2):119-131.
[40]王武,边文冀,余卫忠,等.江黄颡鱼的仔稚鱼发育及行为生态学[J].水产学报,2005,29(4):487-495.
[41]王志强,庞守忠.黄颡鱼仔稚鱼发育和摄食习性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2009(6):311-313.
[42]邓龙君,甘维熊,曾如奎,等.雅砻江鲈鲤的人工繁殖、胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育[J].水产科学,2016,35(4):393-397.
[43]邢迎春,赵亚辉,李高岩,等.北京地区宽鳍鱲的早期发育[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(5):808-816.