西藏高原MODIS每日积雪产品去云算法过程对比验证研究
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摘要
基于MODIS积雪产品的多种去云方法过程在西藏高原开展对比验证,并以漏测误差L(%)、多测误差M(%)、总体精度O(%)、积雪分类精度S(%)及kappa系数(K_(hat))作为验证精度评价指标;主要研究方法有上下午星结合去云法(方法Ⅰ)、连续三天结合去云法(方法Ⅱ)以及基于数字高程模型的Snowl去云法(方法Ⅲ).并采用高分辨率Landsat遥感数据对所得结果开展验证对比工作,为了使验证结果更具有代表性,选取了西藏高原典型的5个区域用于其验证范围.结果表明:方法Ⅰ和方法Ⅱ有较好的去云效果,适合于在西藏高原开展利用;方法Ⅲ在西藏高原没有起到特殊的去云作用,该方法的前提假设是在西藏高原需要考虑山地和高原作分析;通过三种方法去云之后在5个区域效果总体上表现为漏测误差和多测误差都有减少,总体精度和积雪分类精度分别在60%~98%及60%~95%之间,kappa系数在0.10~0.56间,一致性精度表现一般.
In this paper,the method of cloud removal applied to MODIS/TERRA and AQUA snow products was validated in Tibet Autonomous Region,the leakage measurement error L(%),more measurement error M(%),overall accuracy 0(%) and kappa coefficient(Khat) was chosen as evaluation index;cloud removal of combination of TERRA and AQUA products(Ⅰ),cloud removal of combination of snow products for three days(Ⅱ) and Snowl cloud removal based on DEM(Ⅲ) were the three methods of cloud removal work.In addition,five typical regions of Tibet were chosen to be researching places,so as to make the study more convincing.The results show that Methods(Ⅰ) and(Ⅱ) are suitable to use in this research areas for cloud removal,and there are many uncertainties in Method(Ⅲ). After cloud removal by the three methods,for the five regions,it is found that the overall accuracy 0 rising to 60%-98%,the snow classification precision S rising to60%-95%,and the Kappa coefficient ranging from 0.10 to 0.56 in general.
In this paper,the method of cloud removal applied to MODIS/TERRA and AQUA snow products was validated in Tibet Autonomous Region,the leakage measurement error L(%),more measurement error M(%),overall accuracy 0(%) and kappa coefficient(Khat) was chosen as evaluation index;cloud removal of combination of TERRA and AQUA products(Ⅰ),cloud removal of combination of snow products for three days(Ⅱ) and Snowl cloud removal based on DEM(Ⅲ) were the three methods of cloud removal work.In addition,five typical regions of Tibet were chosen to be researching places,so as to make the study more convincing.The results show that Methods(Ⅰ) and(Ⅱ) are suitable to use in this research areas for cloud removal,and there are many uncertainties in Method(Ⅲ). After cloud removal by the three methods,for the five regions,it is found that the overall accuracy 0 rising to 60%-98%,the snow classification precision S rising to60%-95%,and the Kappa coefficient ranging from 0.10 to 0.56 in general.
引文
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[12]Li Ying,Zhang Xianfeng.Comparison and daytime cloud detection from MODIS data using a threshold rule based approach[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2009,45(6):1003-1010.[李颖,张显峰.基于规则的MODIS日间云检测与比较分析[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(6):1003-1010.]
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[16]Bormann K J,Mccabe M F,Evans J P.Satellite based observations for seasonal snow cover detection and characterization in Australia[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,123:57-71.]
[17]Gafurov A,B rdoyy A.Cloud removal methodology from MODIS snow cover product[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2009,13:1361-1373.
[18]Parajka J,Pepe M,Rampini A,et al.A regional snowline method for estimating snow cover from MODIS during cloud cover[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,381:203-212.
[19]Dietz A J,Kuenzer C,Conrad C.Snowcover variability in central Asia between 2000 and 2011 derived from improved MODIS daily snowcover products[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(11):3879-3902.
[20]Dietz A J,Wohner C,Kuenzer C.European snow cover characteristics between 2000 and 2011 derived from improved MODIS daily snow cover products[J].Remote Sensing,2012,4:2432-2454.
[21]Bo Yue,Li Xiaolan,Wang Chenghai.Seasonal characteristics of the interannual variations centre of the Tibetan Plateau snow cover[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(6):1353-1362.[伯玥,李小兰,王澄海.青藏高原地区积雪年际变化异常中心的季节变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(6):1353-1362.]
[22]Hall D K,Ormsby J P,Blndschadler R,et al.Characterization of snow and ice reflectance zones on glaciers using Landsat thematic mapper data[J].Annals of Glaclogy,1987,9:104-108.
[23]Wang Wei.Monitoring snow cover in pastoral areas on QinghaiTibet Pleteau[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2011.[王玮.青藏高原牧区积雪监测研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.]
[24]Huang Xiaodong,Hao Xiaohua,Wang Wei,et al.Algorithms for cloud removal in MODIS daily snow products[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(5):1118-1126.[黄晓东,郝晓华,王玮,等.MODIS逐日积雪产品去云算法研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(5):1118-1126.]
[25]Xu Gensheng,Li Gaofeng,Zhang Pu.Accuracy analysis of MODIS snow cover products based TM data[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(20):10536-10537.[徐根生,李高峰,张璞.基于TM数据的MODIS雪盖产品精度分析[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(20):10536-10537.]
[26]Hao Xiaohua,Zhang Pu,Wang Jian,et al.Evaluation and comparison of MODIS and VEGETATION snow cover products in Northern Xinjiang,China[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2009,24(5):604-610.[郝晓华,张璞,王建,等.MODIS和VEGETATION雪盖产品在北疆的验证及比较[J].遥感技术与应用,2009,24(5):604-610.]
[27]Song Zhen,Chen Xiaoling,Liu Hai,et al.Snowcover extraction based on the HJ1A/1B satellite data[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(5):553-558.[宋珍,陈晓玲,刘海,等.基于HJ-1A/1B卫星遥感数据的积雪识别方法研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(5):553-558.]
[2]Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.Climate change 2013:the physical science basis[R].
[3]Qin Dahe,Xiao Cunde,Ding Yongjian,et al.Progress on cryospheric studies by international and Chinese communities and perspectives[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(6):649-656.[秦大河,效存德,丁永建,等.国际冰冻圈研究动态和我国冰冻圈研究的现状与展望[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(6):649-656.]
[4]Hall D K,Riggs G A,Salomonson V V,et al.MODIS snowcover products[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83:181-194.
[5]Riggs G A,Barton J S,Casey K A,et al.MODIS snow products users'guide[R].
[6]Liang Tiangang,Gao Xinhua,Huang Xiaodong,et al.Study on the accuracy of MODIS Snow cover mapping algorithm in Northern Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2007,24(4):446-452.[梁天刚,高新华,黄晓东,等.新疆北部MODIS积雪制图算法的分类精度[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(4):446-452.]
[7]Huang Xiaodong,Zhang Xuetong,Li Xia,et al.Accuracy analysis for MODIS snow products of MOD10A1 and MOD10A2 in Northern Xinjiang area[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(5):722-729.[黄晓东,张学通,李霞,等.北疆牧区MODIS积雪产品MOD10A1和MOD10A2的精度分析与评价[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(5):722-729.]
[8]Cao Yungang,Yang Xiuchun,Xu Bin,et al.Applications and limitations of a snow mapping algorithm based on MODIS data in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Science&Technology Review,2007,25(21):51-54.[曹云刚,杨秀春,徐斌,等.MODIS在青藏高原大范围积雪制图中的应用及存在的问题[J].科技导报,2007,25(21):51-54.]
[9]Bian Duo,Dong Yan,Bianba Ciren,et al.Practical method for monitoring snow in Tibet Plateau based on MODIS data[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2008,36(3):345-348.[边多,董妍,边巴次仁,等.基于MODIS资料的西藏遥感积雪监测业务化方法[J].气象科技,2008,36(3):345-348.]
[10]Wang Xianwei,Xie Hongjie.New methods for studying the spatiotemporal variation of snow cover based on combination products of MODIS Terra and Aqua[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,371:192-200.
[11]Li Wei,Fang Shenghui,Dian Yuanyong,et al.Cloud detection in MODIS data based on spctrum analysis[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2005,30(5):435-438.[李薇,方圣辉,佃袁勇,等.基于光谱分析的MODIS云检测算法研究[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2005,30(5):435-438.]
[12]Li Ying,Zhang Xianfeng.Comparison and daytime cloud detection from MODIS data using a threshold rule based approach[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2009,45(6):1003-1010.[李颖,张显峰.基于规则的MODIS日间云检测与比较分析[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(6):1003-1010.]
[13]Wu Suxia,Song Shitao,Zhang Dianxue,et al.Research on removing cloud methods in MODIS images[J].Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,2011,25(4):17-20.[吴素霞,宋士涛,张电学,等.EOS/MODIS遥感影像云剔除方法[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2011,25(4):17-20.]
[14]Zhu Ji,Shi Jiancheng,Wang Yuanhui.Subpixel snow mapping of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using MODIS data[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2012,18:251-262.
[15]Riggs G A,Hall D K,Salomonson V V.MODIS snow products user guide to collection 5[Z].Greenbelt,MD:NASA,2012.http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov/uploads/sug_c5.pdf.
[16]Bormann K J,Mccabe M F,Evans J P.Satellite based observations for seasonal snow cover detection and characterization in Australia[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,123:57-71.]
[17]Gafurov A,B rdoyy A.Cloud removal methodology from MODIS snow cover product[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2009,13:1361-1373.
[18]Parajka J,Pepe M,Rampini A,et al.A regional snowline method for estimating snow cover from MODIS during cloud cover[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,381:203-212.
[19]Dietz A J,Kuenzer C,Conrad C.Snowcover variability in central Asia between 2000 and 2011 derived from improved MODIS daily snowcover products[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34(11):3879-3902.
[20]Dietz A J,Wohner C,Kuenzer C.European snow cover characteristics between 2000 and 2011 derived from improved MODIS daily snow cover products[J].Remote Sensing,2012,4:2432-2454.
[21]Bo Yue,Li Xiaolan,Wang Chenghai.Seasonal characteristics of the interannual variations centre of the Tibetan Plateau snow cover[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(6):1353-1362.[伯玥,李小兰,王澄海.青藏高原地区积雪年际变化异常中心的季节变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(6):1353-1362.]
[22]Hall D K,Ormsby J P,Blndschadler R,et al.Characterization of snow and ice reflectance zones on glaciers using Landsat thematic mapper data[J].Annals of Glaclogy,1987,9:104-108.
[23]Wang Wei.Monitoring snow cover in pastoral areas on QinghaiTibet Pleteau[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2011.[王玮.青藏高原牧区积雪监测研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.]
[24]Huang Xiaodong,Hao Xiaohua,Wang Wei,et al.Algorithms for cloud removal in MODIS daily snow products[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(5):1118-1126.[黄晓东,郝晓华,王玮,等.MODIS逐日积雪产品去云算法研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(5):1118-1126.]
[25]Xu Gensheng,Li Gaofeng,Zhang Pu.Accuracy analysis of MODIS snow cover products based TM data[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(20):10536-10537.[徐根生,李高峰,张璞.基于TM数据的MODIS雪盖产品精度分析[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(20):10536-10537.]
[26]Hao Xiaohua,Zhang Pu,Wang Jian,et al.Evaluation and comparison of MODIS and VEGETATION snow cover products in Northern Xinjiang,China[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2009,24(5):604-610.[郝晓华,张璞,王建,等.MODIS和VEGETATION雪盖产品在北疆的验证及比较[J].遥感技术与应用,2009,24(5):604-610.]
[27]Song Zhen,Chen Xiaoling,Liu Hai,et al.Snowcover extraction based on the HJ1A/1B satellite data[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(5):553-558.[宋珍,陈晓玲,刘海,等.基于HJ-1A/1B卫星遥感数据的积雪识别方法研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(5):553-558.]