从互动交际看“好吧”的妥协回应功能
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摘要
本文从互动语言学的视角,采用自然口语语料,考察了"好吧"在不同的会话序列中是如何完成妥协回应功能的,其语言形式与它所承担的会话行为之间又是如何交互作用的。我们发现,"好吧"所回应会话行为都包含言者的意外或不如意的信息,这一互动环境塑造了"好吧"的妥协回应功能和建构特征。从交际动因上来看,"好吧"作为一个非合意回应之后的合意回应,具有明示互动双方立场一致的作用。此外,我们从"好吧"的分布规律进一步审视句末语气词"吧"的情态功能,认为引发语中的"吧"表求定,应答语中的"吧"表"迟疑"。
Based on naturally occurring interaction, the present paper draws on interactional linguistic approach to examine how the Chinese expression haoba completes the function of compromising response in conversational sequences and the relationship between its linguistic form and speech functions. The study has revealed that the speech functions of haoba displays mirativity or counter-anticipation from the speaker,and the interactive environment constitutes the functions of compromising reply and constitutional features. From communicative intention,haoba acts as a designed-based preference following an action-based dispreference,demons trating similar stance-taking between speaker and listener. Besides,the paper also explores the distributions of haoba in discourse so as to further examine the modal function of the sentence final particle ba. It is hence argued that ba in initiation turn expresses request,whereas in response turn it expresses hesitation.
Based on naturally occurring interaction, the present paper draws on interactional linguistic approach to examine how the Chinese expression haoba completes the function of compromising response in conversational sequences and the relationship between its linguistic form and speech functions. The study has revealed that the speech functions of haoba displays mirativity or counter-anticipation from the speaker,and the interactive environment constitutes the functions of compromising reply and constitutional features. From communicative intention,haoba acts as a designed-based preference following an action-based dispreference,demons trating similar stance-taking between speaker and listener. Besides,the paper also explores the distributions of haoba in discourse so as to further examine the modal function of the sentence final particle ba. It is hence argued that ba in initiation turn expresses request,whereas in response turn it expresses hesitation.
引文
丁声树等1961《现代汉语语法讲话》,商务印书馆。
方梅2016再说“呢”---从互动角度看语气词的性质与功能,《语法研究和探索》(十八),商务印书馆。
侯学超1998《现代汉语虚词词典》,北京大学出版社。
刘娟娟2013《微博中话语标记“好吧”研究》,华中师范大学硕士学位论文。
吕叔湘1999《现代汉语八百词》(增订版),商务印书馆。
屈承熹、李彬2004论现代汉语句末情态虚词及其英译---以“吧”的语篇功能为例,《外语学刊》第6期。
邵敬敏、朱晓亚2005“好”的话语功能及其虚化轨迹,《中国语文》第5期。
沈家煊2001跟副词“还”有关的两个句式,《中国语文》第6期。
沈家煊2003复句三域“行、知、言”,《中国语文》第3期。
吴福祥2004试说“X不比Y﹒Z”的语用功能,《中国语文》第3期。
于春2013《“好了”汉语话语标记“好了”研究》,吉林大学硕士学位论文。
Chao,Y.R.赵元任1968 A G rmrunar of Spoken Chinese.Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press.
Li,Charles N.and Sandra A.Thompson 1981 Mandarin Chinese.Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press.
Chu,Chauncey C.(屈承熹)1998 A Discourse G rammar of Mandarin Chinese.New York:Peter Long Press.
Dow,Daoming(窦道明)1983汉语语法.Edinburgh,UK:Edinburgh University,Chinese Studies.
Han,Yang 1995 A pragmatic analysis of the BA particle in Mandarin Chinese.Journal of Chinese23(2):99-127.
Li,Charles N.and Thompson,Sandra A.1981 Mandarin Chinese:a Functional Reference G rammar.Berkeley:University of California Press.
Pomerantz,Anita M.1984 Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments:Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes.In Atkinson,Maxw ell and John Heritage(eds.)Structures of Social Interaction:Studies in Conversation Analysis.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press:57-101.
Pomerantz,A.and Heritage,J.2013 Preference.In:Sidnell J.and Stivers T.(eds.)The Handbook of Conversation Analysis.Chichester:Blackw ell Publishing,pp.210-228.
Raymond,G.2003 Grammar and social organization:Yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding.American Sociological Review 68(6):939-967.
Schegloff,E.A.1996 Turn organization:One direction for inquiry into grammar and interaction.In E.Ochs,E.A.Schegloff and S.A.Thompson(eds.),Interaction and G rammar.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff,E.A.2007 Sequence Organization in Interaction:A Primer in Conversation Analysis,Volume 1.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Shie,Chi-Chiang 1991 A Discourse-Functional Analysis of Mandarin Sentence-Final Particles.Taipei:Chengchi University.
Wu,Guo 2005 The discourse function of the Chinese particle ne in statements.Journal of the Chinese language Teachers Association,40:147-82.
方梅2016再说“呢”---从互动角度看语气词的性质与功能,《语法研究和探索》(十八),商务印书馆。
侯学超1998《现代汉语虚词词典》,北京大学出版社。
刘娟娟2013《微博中话语标记“好吧”研究》,华中师范大学硕士学位论文。
吕叔湘1999《现代汉语八百词》(增订版),商务印书馆。
屈承熹、李彬2004论现代汉语句末情态虚词及其英译---以“吧”的语篇功能为例,《外语学刊》第6期。
邵敬敏、朱晓亚2005“好”的话语功能及其虚化轨迹,《中国语文》第5期。
沈家煊2001跟副词“还”有关的两个句式,《中国语文》第6期。
沈家煊2003复句三域“行、知、言”,《中国语文》第3期。
吴福祥2004试说“X不比Y﹒Z”的语用功能,《中国语文》第3期。
于春2013《“好了”汉语话语标记“好了”研究》,吉林大学硕士学位论文。
Chao,Y.R.赵元任1968 A G rmrunar of Spoken Chinese.Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press.
Li,Charles N.and Sandra A.Thompson 1981 Mandarin Chinese.Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press.
Chu,Chauncey C.(屈承熹)1998 A Discourse G rammar of Mandarin Chinese.New York:Peter Long Press.
Dow,Daoming(窦道明)1983汉语语法.Edinburgh,UK:Edinburgh University,Chinese Studies.
Han,Yang 1995 A pragmatic analysis of the BA particle in Mandarin Chinese.Journal of Chinese23(2):99-127.
Li,Charles N.and Thompson,Sandra A.1981 Mandarin Chinese:a Functional Reference G rammar.Berkeley:University of California Press.
Pomerantz,Anita M.1984 Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments:Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes.In Atkinson,Maxw ell and John Heritage(eds.)Structures of Social Interaction:Studies in Conversation Analysis.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press:57-101.
Pomerantz,A.and Heritage,J.2013 Preference.In:Sidnell J.and Stivers T.(eds.)The Handbook of Conversation Analysis.Chichester:Blackw ell Publishing,pp.210-228.
Raymond,G.2003 Grammar and social organization:Yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding.American Sociological Review 68(6):939-967.
Schegloff,E.A.1996 Turn organization:One direction for inquiry into grammar and interaction.In E.Ochs,E.A.Schegloff and S.A.Thompson(eds.),Interaction and G rammar.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff,E.A.2007 Sequence Organization in Interaction:A Primer in Conversation Analysis,Volume 1.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Shie,Chi-Chiang 1991 A Discourse-Functional Analysis of Mandarin Sentence-Final Particles.Taipei:Chengchi University.
Wu,Guo 2005 The discourse function of the Chinese particle ne in statements.Journal of the Chinese language Teachers Association,40:147-82.