汉语本族语者和学习者互动交际时的话语参与行为研究
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摘要
本文探讨汉语本族语者和学习者互动交际时的话语参与行为。话语参与行为发生在交际一方试图积极参与并邀请对方互动的情境当中,在面对面的会话当中十分普遍,是会话得以进行的一个重要行为。本文搜集了由汉语本族语者和学习者交流的视频,并对其进行文字转写、分词、标注,建成一个小规模的语料库,并以此为基础考察两个群体在话语参与手段使用频率上的差异以及这些参与手段体现的语用功能差异。研究结果表明,学习者对参与机制,诸如话语标记"我跟你说""你知道吗";强调"真的""太""非常""确实"等表达相对本族语频率较高,对于第一第二人称的使用频率较本族语较低。通过分析这些参与手段出现的语境行,发现汉语学习者在与汉语本族语聊天时不会营造和谐的人际关系,并出现交际冲突或失败的情况,这一现象在二语教学和学习过程中应引起重视。
This paper uses the discourse analysis method to examine involvement devices used by Chinese native speakers and nonnative speakers. With many scholars see language use as a social cooperating activity in nature,we argue that embodied experience and interpersonal interaction should be involved in face-to-face dialogue. Previous studies of involvement device have focused on two native speakers,few has analyzed the interaction between NNS and NS. This paper draws on a self-built corpus I compiled which comprises 5 interactive conversations in Chinese contest,transcribed from Live-Video. The results were illustrated by quantitative as well as qualitative analysis. We contrasted the frequency of discourse devices such as discourse markers,hedges,emphatic particles and direct quotes used by two groups,and described the pragmatic functions they played during the talk. The results have implication for our understanding of how NNS monitor the process of communication and learn forms NS.
This paper uses the discourse analysis method to examine involvement devices used by Chinese native speakers and nonnative speakers. With many scholars see language use as a social cooperating activity in nature,we argue that embodied experience and interpersonal interaction should be involved in face-to-face dialogue. Previous studies of involvement device have focused on two native speakers,few has analyzed the interaction between NNS and NS. This paper draws on a self-built corpus I compiled which comprises 5 interactive conversations in Chinese contest,transcribed from Live-Video. The results were illustrated by quantitative as well as qualitative analysis. We contrasted the frequency of discourse devices such as discourse markers,hedges,emphatic particles and direct quotes used by two groups,and described the pragmatic functions they played during the talk. The results have implication for our understanding of how NNS monitor the process of communication and learn forms NS.
引文
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Tannen D. Talking Voices:Repetition,Dialogue,and Imagery in Conversational Discourse. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989.
Becker,A. L. Beyond Translation:Esthetics and Language Description. Washington,D.C.:Georgetown University Press,1982.
Besnier N.Language and affect. Annual Review of Anthropology,1990.19:419-451.
Biber,Douglas. Variation Across Speech and Writing. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1988.
Chafe,Wallace.Intergration and involvement in speaking,writing,and oral literature. In Deborah Tannen(ed.),Spoken and Written Language:Exploring Orality and Literacy. New Jersey,Norwood:Ablex Publishing Corporation,1982,35-53.
Gumperz J J. Discourse Strategies. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.
Jacoby,S.&Ochs,E. Co-construction:An introduction. Research on Language and Social Interaction,1995,28:171-183.
Mead GH. Mind,Self,and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1934.
Silverman,D. Interpreting Qualitative Data:Methods for Analysing Talk,Text and Interaction,2nd Ed. London:Sage,2001.
Selting Margret. Emphatic speech style:with special focus on the prosodic signalling of heightened emotive involvement in conservation. Journal of pragmatics,1994,22:375-408.
Tannen D. Talking Voices:Repetition,Dialogue,and Imagery in Conversational Discourse. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989.