实践赋权与理论自觉:本土专业化实践的迷失和反思
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摘要
经过十多年的快速发展,我国的社会工作已经从职业化迈向了专业化,如何提升专业化实践的科学性和有效性成为亟待解决的难题。但是,对于如何引入科学研究提升本土实践的专业化水平,却有两种完全不同的观点:一种主张科学主导的专业实践;一种倡导实践主导的研究,其核心表现为是以理论为主导还是以实践为主导推进本土专业化实践道路。为此,通过两年参与式合作研究跟进深圳市南山区慢性病防治院的主动式社区治疗项目发现:一线社会工作者随着本土实践经验的增加必然面临专业化发展的困惑,出现专业迷茫。借助理论"去权"和平等对话的过程,一线社会工作者就能够扎根本土的实践中探索专业化的发展道路,实现实践赋权与理论自觉;否则,一线社会工作者就会在"科学""理论"的外衣下无视自己本土的专业化实践经验,走向实践去权,使本土专业化成为"空中楼阁"。
After more than a decade of rapid development,China's social work has lifted from professionalization to specialization.How to improve the scientificity and effectiveness of the specialized practice has become an urgent and difficult problem remaining to be solved.However,there are two completely different views on how to introduce scientific research to enhance the level of specialization of local practice:one advocates the specialized practice led by science,while the other promotes research led by practice.The core performance of the two views is whether the promotion of the path of the locally specialized practice is led by theory or practice.Hence,through the two-year participatory cooperative research which had followed up the treatment project of Shenzhen Nanshan District Hospital for Chronic Diseases,we found that with the increase of localized practical experience,the frontline social workers will inevitably face the confusion of the development in specialization,which may lead to the perplexity of their expertise.With the help of "power reduction",of theory and equal dialogue with it,frontline social workers can explore the developmental path of specialization by taking root in the local practice to realize the empowerment of practice and theoretical consciousness;otherwise,frontline social workers will shift to the "dispowering" of practice by ignoring their own localized practical experience under the cloak of "science" and "theory".
After more than a decade of rapid development,China's social work has lifted from professionalization to specialization.How to improve the scientificity and effectiveness of the specialized practice has become an urgent and difficult problem remaining to be solved.However,there are two completely different views on how to introduce scientific research to enhance the level of specialization of local practice:one advocates the specialized practice led by science,while the other promotes research led by practice.The core performance of the two views is whether the promotion of the path of the locally specialized practice is led by theory or practice.Hence,through the two-year participatory cooperative research which had followed up the treatment project of Shenzhen Nanshan District Hospital for Chronic Diseases,we found that with the increase of localized practical experience,the frontline social workers will inevitably face the confusion of the development in specialization,which may lead to the perplexity of their expertise.With the help of "power reduction",of theory and equal dialogue with it,frontline social workers can explore the developmental path of specialization by taking root in the local practice to realize the empowerment of practice and theoretical consciousness;otherwise,frontline social workers will shift to the "dispowering" of practice by ignoring their own localized practical experience under the cloak of "science" and "theory".
引文
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[2]顾东辉.“三社联动”的内涵解构与逻辑演绎[J].学海,2016(3).
[3]徐道稳.中囯社会工作行政化发展模式及其转型[J].社会科学,2017(10):90-97.
[4]文军.专业化:社会工作理论与实践的新趋向[J].河北学刊,2018(4).
[5]童敏,史天琪.社会工作专业服务的本土框架和理论依据——一项本土专业服务场域的动态分析[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3):102-109.
[6]Gray M.,Schubert L.Sustainable social work:Modelling knowledge production,transfer,and evidence-based practice[J].International Journal of Social Welfare,2012,21(2):203-214.
[7]Fouche,C.Practice research partnerships in social work:Making a difference[M].Bristol:Policy Press.2015:13.
[8]Heron J.Co-operative inquiry:Research into the human condition[M].Sage,1996,p.13.
[9]Reason,P.&Bradbury,H.Inquiry and participation in search of a world worthy of human aspiration[C].In P.Reason and H.Bradbury(Ed.),Handbook of action research:Participative inquiry and practice(pp.1-14).London:Sage,200,p.2.
[10]Fargion S N.Theory and Practice:A Matter of Words.Language,Knowledge and Professional Community in Social Work[J].2007,5(1):121-137.
(1)人力资源社会保障部关于公布国家职业资格目录的通知[EB/OL].[2017-09-12]民政部门户网站,http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/SYrlzyhshbzb/rencaiduiwujianshe/zcwj/201 709/t201709 15_2773 85.htiml.