杉莲混交林中乳源木莲树冠特征与生长形质综合表现通径分析
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摘要
为了解杉莲混交林中乳源木莲树冠特征对生长形质及其综合表现的影响规律,利用多目标决策方法评价生长形质综合表现,采用通径分析方法分析了福建乳源木莲人工林中冠幅、冠形率和树冠率与单株材积、胸径、枝下高、尖削度、胸高形数以及生长形质综合表现等6个因子之间的关系,明确乳源木莲树冠形态调控重点与方向并验证。结果表明,冠幅、冠形率对单株材积有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对单株材积有极显著的负向作用。冠幅、冠形率对胸径有显著的正向作用,但树冠率对胸径具有极显著的负向作用。冠幅、冠形率对枝下高有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对枝下高有极显著的负向作用。冠幅对树干尖削度有极显著的正向作用,冠形率对树干尖削度有弱度正向作用,但树冠率对树干尖削度有显著负向作用。冠幅对胸高形数表现极显著性的负向作用,冠形率对胸高形数有弱度的负向作用,树冠率对胸高形数表现显著正向作用。树冠特征因子间对乳源木莲生长形质性状影响作用与重要性排序不尽相同。促进生长、提高系列干形品质的树冠形态调控重点与方向不尽相同。冠幅、冠形率对生长形质综合表现有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对生长形质综合表现有极显著的负向作用,因子相对重要性大小排序为冠幅>树冠率>冠形率。培育丰产优质乳源木莲理想冠形应为:首次有着宽大冠幅、其次较小树冠率,以及在宽大冠幅和较小树冠率前提下的狭长冠形的树冠结构。乳源木莲树冠形态调控重点与方向是促进冠幅宽大。
In order to understand the impact rules between canopy characteristics and growth,stem-form,and comprehensive performance of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed stands with Cunninghamia lanceolata,the growth and form quality comprehensive performance were evaluated by the multi-objective decision-making method,relationship between crown size,crown shape rate,crown rate and 6 index factors,i.e.individual volume,DBH,clear bole height,taperingness,breast height form factor,comprehensive performance of growth and form quality for M.yuyuanensis plantation in Fujian Province were analyzed by path analysis to clarify and verify the key points and directions of morphological regulation.The results showed that crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on individual volume,but crown rate had significant negative effect on individual volume.Crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on DBH,but crown rate had significant negative effect on DBH.Crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on clear bole height,but crown rate had significant negative effect on clear bole height.Crown width had significant positive effect on taperingness,crown shape rate had weakly positive effect on taperingness,but crown rate had significant negative effect on taperingness.Crown width had significant negative effect on breast height form factor,crown shape rate had weakly negative effect on breast height form factor,but crown rate had significant positive effect on breast height form factor.The influence and the order of relative importance of canopy characteristics on the growth and form quality indicators of M.yuyuanensis were different.The key point and direction of crown morphology regulation for promoting volume growth and improving stem-form quality were different.Crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,but crown rate had significant negative effect on the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,the order of relative importance of factors was crown width>crown rate>crown shape rate.The ideal crown shape for the high yield and high quality timber of M.yuyuanensis was larger crown width for the first time,followed by relatively small crown rate,and long and narrow crown under the precondition of larger crown width and small crown rate.The key point and direction of crown morphological regulation of M.yuyuanensis was to promote the crown width.
In order to understand the impact rules between canopy characteristics and growth,stem-form,and comprehensive performance of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed stands with Cunninghamia lanceolata,the growth and form quality comprehensive performance were evaluated by the multi-objective decision-making method,relationship between crown size,crown shape rate,crown rate and 6 index factors,i.e.individual volume,DBH,clear bole height,taperingness,breast height form factor,comprehensive performance of growth and form quality for M.yuyuanensis plantation in Fujian Province were analyzed by path analysis to clarify and verify the key points and directions of morphological regulation.The results showed that crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on individual volume,but crown rate had significant negative effect on individual volume.Crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on DBH,but crown rate had significant negative effect on DBH.Crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on clear bole height,but crown rate had significant negative effect on clear bole height.Crown width had significant positive effect on taperingness,crown shape rate had weakly positive effect on taperingness,but crown rate had significant negative effect on taperingness.Crown width had significant negative effect on breast height form factor,crown shape rate had weakly negative effect on breast height form factor,but crown rate had significant positive effect on breast height form factor.The influence and the order of relative importance of canopy characteristics on the growth and form quality indicators of M.yuyuanensis were different.The key point and direction of crown morphology regulation for promoting volume growth and improving stem-form quality were different.Crown width,crown shape rate had significant positive effect on the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,but crown rate had significant negative effect on the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,the order of relative importance of factors was crown width>crown rate>crown shape rate.The ideal crown shape for the high yield and high quality timber of M.yuyuanensis was larger crown width for the first time,followed by relatively small crown rate,and long and narrow crown under the precondition of larger crown width and small crown rate.The key point and direction of crown morphological regulation of M.yuyuanensis was to promote the crown width.
引文
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[2] 段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京地区侧柏人工林密度效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3206-3214.DUAN J,MA L Y,JIA L M,et al.The density effect of Platycladus orientalis plantation in Beijing area [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(12):3206-3214.(in Chinese)
[3] 欧建德,吴志庄,康永武.峦大杉树冠特征与生长形质通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46 (11):8-11,40.OU J D,WU Z Z,KANG Y W.Path analysis between canopy characteristics and growth,form quality of Cunninghamia konishii[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46 (11):8-11,40.(in Chinese)
[4] BIGING G S,DOBBERTIN M.A comparison of distance-dependrnt competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees[J].Forest Science,1992,38(3):695-720.
[5] 赵丹宁,熊耀国,宋露露,等.白花泡桐树冠结构、生长性状的选择对于形改良的影响[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(1):82-87.ZHAO D N,XIONG Y G,SONG L L,et al.Effect of the selection of crown structure and growth characteristics on the improvement of tree trunk form in Paulownia fortunei[J].Forest Research,1995,8(1):82-87.(in Chinese)
[6] 邬荣领,王明庥,黄敏仁,等.黑杨派新无性系研究——Ⅴ.树冠结构与干形改良[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,1988(3):1-14.WU R L,WANG M X,HUANG M R,et al.Studies of new clones of the Aigiros section——Ⅴ.the relationships of trec crown structure with Stem form improvement [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,1988(3):1-14.(in Chinese)
[7] 欧建德,罗宁,吴志庄.幼龄期南方红豆杉生长和形质性状的优树家系遗传变异[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):117-122,129.OU J D,LUO N,WU Z Z.Variation of the family genetics of the plus trees Taxus wallichina var.mairei at young stage [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(2):117-122,129.(in Chinese)
[8] 李生,陈存及.混交林分中乳源木莲冠层特性与生长的通径分析[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(3):310-314.LI S,CHEN C J.Path Analysis on the crown characteristics and growth of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed stands [J].Forest Research,2005,18(3):310-314.(in Chinese)
[9] 卢妮妮,王新杰,张鹏,等.不同林龄杉木胸径树高与冠幅的通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):12-16.LU N N,WANG X J,ZHANG P,et al.Path Analysis between diame ter at breast height,heght and crown width of Cunninghamia lanceolata in different age [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(4):12-16.(in Chinese)
[10] 马永春,方升佐.欧美杨107不同冠层光合特性的研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(4):39-42.MA Y C,FANG S Z.Research on photosynthesis characteristics in different canopy layers of poplar clone 107 (Populus×euramericana cv.Neva) [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Science Edition,2011,35(4):39-42.(in Chinese)
[11] 万志兵,李秀芹,刘成功,等.不同发育阶段檫木人工林树高、胸径与树冠结构关系的动态关系分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(1):331-339.WAN Z B,LI X Q,LIU C G,et al.Dynamic analysis of relationship among tree height,diameter at the breast height and crown of artificial Sassafras tzumu forest at different development stages[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2017,36(1):331-339.(in Chinese)
[12] 欧建德,吴志庄,康永武.峦大杉与杉木人工林的生长形质、林分分化和空间利用比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(7):7-11.OU J D,WU Z Z,KANG Y W.Comparison of growth,stand differentiation,form quality and space utilization of Cunninghamia konishii and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46(7):7-11.(in Chinese)
[13] 欧建德.造林密度对峦大杉生长形质及林分分化的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(1):7-11.OU J D.Effect of planting density on growth,form quality and stand differentiation of Cunninghamia konishii plantation [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46(01):7-11.(in Chinese)
[14] 陈东华.不同间伐措施对乳源木莲生长的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,2002,31(2):13-17,24.CHEN D H.Effects of different thinning measures on the growth of Manglietia yuyuanensis[J].Subtropical Plant Science,2002,31(2):13-17,24.(in Chinese)
[15] 曹永慧,李生,陈存及,等.乳源木莲杉木混交林生长及其竞争关系分析[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):201-206.CAO Y H,LI S,CHEN C J,et al.The growth of Manglietia yuyuanensis stand mixed with Cunninghamia lanceolata and the interspecific competition between the tree species [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(5):201-206.(in Chinese)
[16] 康永武.乳源木莲毛竹混交林生长及土壤肥力研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(1):14-20..KANG Y W.Study on soil fertility and growth status of Manglietia yuyuanensis plantation mixed with phyllostachys pubescens[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry College,2014,34(1):14-20.(in Chinese)
[17] 曹永慧,陈存及,李生.间伐对杉莲混交林中乳源木莲树冠结构的影响[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(5):646-653.CAO Y H,CHEN C J,LI S.Impacts of different intermediate cutting on crown structure of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed stands with Cunninghamia lanceolata[J].Forest Research,2004,17(5):646-653.(in Chinese)
[18] 周东雄.杉木乳源木莲混交林林分生产力研究[J].林业科技开发,2004,18(5):23-25.ZHOU D X.Productive forces of mixed forest stand of Cunninghamia lanceolata with Manglietia yuyuanensis[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2004,18(5):23-25.(in Chinese)
[19] 谢芳.乳源木莲优质干材混交培育的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(2):84-90.XIE F.Cultivation high-quality stemwood of Manglietia yuyuanensis by mixing with Cunninghamia lanceolata[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(2):84-90.(in Chinese)
[20] 欧建德.观赏型南方红豆杉地理种源试验及优良地理种源的选择初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):134-140.OU J D.Selection of excellent geographical provenances and test of geography provenances of landscape Taxus chinensis var.mairei[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(4):134-140.(in Chinese)
[21] 欧建德.闽楠优良家系和单株的早期综合选择研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2015,35(1):33-37.OU J D.Combination selection of excellent families and plus trees of Phoebe bournei[J].ournal of Southwest Forestry College,2015,35(1):33-37.(in Chinese)
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