互叶白千层施肥试验研究
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摘要
以4-松油醇型优良单株无性繁殖的互叶白千层苗木为材料,种植后,在施用N、P、K 3种大量元素肥料的同时,加施一定量微量元素肥料,探索不同肥料对互叶白千层生长和精油的影响。结果表明,微量元素氯和硼对4-松油醇型互叶白千层地径及有效生物量的生长有一定促进作用,地径均比对照增加35.6%、比单施大量元素肥料增加7.9%,有效生物量比对照增加28.9%和27.2%、比单施大量元素肥料增加10.5%和9.0%。微量元素锌和铁对4-松油醇型互叶白千层枝叶含油量有一定促进作用,加施前者的枝叶精油含量比对照高13.1%(按精油计,下同)、比单施大量元素肥料高2.0%,加施后者的枝叶精油含量比对照高14.2%、比单施大量元素肥料高2.9%。微量元素硼对4-松油醇型互叶白千层枝叶精油中的主要组份1,8-桉叶素的影响最大,精油中1,8-桉叶素含量比对照低得多,仅为其它所有处理的1/2以下。
In order to find out the effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and essential oil of Melaleuca altennifolia,experiments were carried out on superior terpinen-4-ol type Melaleuca with vegetative propagation,which were applied with fertilizers like N,P and K and in addition,with a finite amount of microelement fertilizer.The results showed that,microelement Chlorine and Boron had a promoting effect on the tree diameter and effective biomass of Melaleuca of terpinen-4-ol type. Under above conditions,tree diameters of both increased by 35. 6%compared with the control,and increased by 7. 9% compared with those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only,while effective biomass increased by 28. 9% and 27. 2%,respectively,than that of controlled trial,and increased by 10. 5% and 9. 0%,respectively,than those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only. Microelement Zn and Fe had a promoting effect on the oil content in branch and leaves of Melaleuca of terpinen-4-ol type. Applied with microelement Zn,the oil content of branch leaves increased by 13. 1% compared with the control(according to essential oil,the same below) and increased by 2. 0% compared with those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only.With microelement Fe,the oil content in branch and leaves increased by 14. 2% compared with the control,and increased by 2. 9% compared with those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only. Among which,microelement Boron had the greatest influence on the main components 1,8-eucalyptol of essential oil in branch and leaves of Melaleuca of terpinen-4-ol type. The content of 1,8-eucalyptol in the essential oil,only 1/2 of the other treatment,was much lower compared with the control.
In order to find out the effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and essential oil of Melaleuca altennifolia,experiments were carried out on superior terpinen-4-ol type Melaleuca with vegetative propagation,which were applied with fertilizers like N,P and K and in addition,with a finite amount of microelement fertilizer.The results showed that,microelement Chlorine and Boron had a promoting effect on the tree diameter and effective biomass of Melaleuca of terpinen-4-ol type. Under above conditions,tree diameters of both increased by 35. 6%compared with the control,and increased by 7. 9% compared with those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only,while effective biomass increased by 28. 9% and 27. 2%,respectively,than that of controlled trial,and increased by 10. 5% and 9. 0%,respectively,than those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only. Microelement Zn and Fe had a promoting effect on the oil content in branch and leaves of Melaleuca of terpinen-4-ol type. Applied with microelement Zn,the oil content of branch leaves increased by 13. 1% compared with the control(according to essential oil,the same below) and increased by 2. 0% compared with those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only.With microelement Fe,the oil content in branch and leaves increased by 14. 2% compared with the control,and increased by 2. 9% compared with those of adding N,P and K fertilizers only. Among which,microelement Boron had the greatest influence on the main components 1,8-eucalyptol of essential oil in branch and leaves of Melaleuca of terpinen-4-ol type. The content of 1,8-eucalyptol in the essential oil,only 1/2 of the other treatment,was much lower compared with the control.
引文
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[4]陈竣,李贻铨,杨承栋.中国林木施肥与营养诊断研究现状[J].世界林业研究,1998(3):58-65.
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