水利枢纽群安全调控技术体系
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摘要
鉴于我国在主要流域已建成的特大水利枢纽群的运行过程受自然环境、工程结构、调度措施等诸多不确定因素的影响,以水利枢纽安全运行约束下的效益发挥为切入点,强调了梯级水利枢纽形成特大规模水利枢纽群后联合调度产生的风险与机遇。通过对比国内外水利水电工程相关研究成果,提出开展特大水利枢纽群联合调控与安全运行科学研究的必要性,综述了枢纽群安全风险辨识机理、枢纽群联合运行机理及多目标效益协调机理等研究进展,并提出水利枢纽安全调控技术体系框架,提出考虑防洪、发电、供水、通航、生态、航运等多维安全的水利枢纽群一体化调控技术发展方向。
Mega water control projects constructed in the main river basins in China can be influenced by a lot of uncertainties,such as natural environments,engineering structures and scheduling measures during operation. The benefit of water control projects under the constraint of safety operation is taken as the starting point,risks and opportunities originated from the joint regulation and control of the mega projects made up of cascade water control projects are emphasized. Related research results of water conservancy and hydropower engineering from both home and aboard are compared and the need for scientific research on joint control and safe operation of mega water control projects is proposed.Advances in the mechanisms of safety risk identification,joint operation and multi-objective benefit optimization of mega water control projects are reviewed,based on which a framework for regulation technology systems of mega water control projects is proposed. This paper gives the development direction of the integrated regulation and control technology for mega water control projects considering flood control,power generation,water supply,navigation,ecology,and shipping with multi-dimensional safety.
Mega water control projects constructed in the main river basins in China can be influenced by a lot of uncertainties,such as natural environments,engineering structures and scheduling measures during operation. The benefit of water control projects under the constraint of safety operation is taken as the starting point,risks and opportunities originated from the joint regulation and control of the mega projects made up of cascade water control projects are emphasized. Related research results of water conservancy and hydropower engineering from both home and aboard are compared and the need for scientific research on joint control and safe operation of mega water control projects is proposed.Advances in the mechanisms of safety risk identification,joint operation and multi-objective benefit optimization of mega water control projects are reviewed,based on which a framework for regulation technology systems of mega water control projects is proposed. This paper gives the development direction of the integrated regulation and control technology for mega water control projects considering flood control,power generation,water supply,navigation,ecology,and shipping with multi-dimensional safety.
引文
[1]王旭,杨伟利,蔡衡.金沙江中游梯级水电站集控中心规划研究综述[J].水力发电,2015,41(5):40-43.(WANG Xu,YANG Weili,CAI Heng.Overview of planning and research on centralized control center of cascade hydropower stations in the middle reaches of jinsha river[J].Water Power,2015,41(5):40-43.(in Chinese))
[2]肖舸,邢晶.金沙江区域梯级水电站迈入“调控一体化”时代[J].中国三峡,2013(9):27-34.(XIAO Ge,XINGJing.The cascade hydropower stations of Jinsha river have entered the era of“integration of dispatching and supervisory control”[J].China Three Gorges,2013(9):27-34.(in Chinese))
[3]钟青祥,何红荣,杨忠伟,等.大渡河流域梯级水电站集控中心“调控一体化”系统的建设与运行[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2014,38(1):63-66.(ZHONGQingxiang,HE Hongrong,YANG Zhongwei,et al.Construction and operation of control and dispatch integration systems in dadu river cascade hydropower plants centralized control center[J].Hydropower Automation and Dam Monitoring,2014,38(1):63-66.(in Chinese))
[4]何光宏.乌江流域梯级自动发电控制研究与应用[J].水电与新能源,2014(7):1-4.(HE Guanghong.Study on automatic generation control and its application in cascade hydropower stations in Wujiang River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014(7):1-4.(in Chinese))
[5]王雁,姚碧勇.梯级水电站集控中心计算机监控系统的设计与实现[J].水电厂自动化,2017,38(4):11-13.(WANG Yan,YAO Biyong.Design and implementation of computer monitoring system for cascade control center of cascade hydropower stations[J].Hydropower Plant Automation,2017,38(4):11-13.(in Chinese))
[6]邓志华,田启荣.跨流域梯级电站群远程集控管理模式的探索与实践[J].水电站机电技术,2014,37(3):15-17.(DENG Zhihua,TIAN Qirong.Exploration and practice of remote centralized control mode for inter basin cascade hydropower stations[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,2014,37(3):15-17.(in Chinese))
[7]周兴波,陈祖煜,黄跃飞,等.特高坝及梯级水库群设计安全标准研究Ⅲ:梯级土石坝连溃风险分析[J].水利学报,2015,36(7):765-772.(ZHOU Xingbo,CHENZuyu,HUANG Yuefei,et al.Evaluations on the safety design standards for dams with extra height or cascade impacts,partⅢ:risk analysis of embankment break in cascade[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,36(7):765-772.(in Chinese))
[8]WEN Xin,FANG Guohua,GUO Yuxue,et al.Adapting the operation of cascaded reservoirs on Yuan River for fish habitat conservation[J].Ecological Modelling,2016,337:221-230.
[9]纪道斌,龙良红,徐慧,等.梯级水库建设对水环境的累积影响研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(3):7-14.(JI Daobin,LONG Lianghong,XU Hui,et al.Advances in study on cumulative effects of construction of cascaded reservoirs on water environment[J].Advances in::Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(3):7-14.(in Chinese))
[10]刘晓群,戴斌祥.三峡水库运行以来洞庭湖水文条件变化与对策[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):25-31.(LIU Xiaoqun,DAI Binxiang.Variation of hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake and corresponding countermeasure analysis after operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(6):25-31.(in Chinese))
[11]李君纯,李雷.水库大坝安全评判的研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1999(1):77-83.(LI Junchun,LI Lei.A study of evaluation of reservoir dam safety[J].Journal of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1999(1):77-83.(in Chinese))
[12]周惠成,董四辉,邓成林,等.基于随机水文过程的防洪调度风险分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(2):227-232.(ZHOU Huicheng,DONG Sihui,DENG Chenglin,et al.Risk analysis on flood control operation of reservoir based on stochastic hydrological process[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(2):227-232.(in Chinese))
[13]程晓陶.我国推进洪水风险图编制工作基本思路的探讨[J].中国水利,2005(17):11-13.(CHENG Xiaotao.Basic thinking of pushing flood hazard mapping in China[J].China Water Resources,2005(17):11-13.(in Chinese))
[14]顾文权,邵东国,黄显锋,等.基于自优化模拟技术的水库供水风险分析方法及应用[J].水利学报,2008,39(7):788-793.(GU Wenquan,SHAO Dongguo,HUANGXianfeng,et al.Risk analysis on reservoir water supply based on self-optimization simulation[J],Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(7):788-793.(in Chinese))
[15]王丽萍,张验科,纪昌明,等.基于概率最优化方法的水库发电调度风险分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,29(16):1-6.(WANG Liping,ZHANG Yanke,JIChangming,et al.Risk analysis of reservoir generation dispatching based on probability optimization method[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,29(16):1-6.(in Chinese))
[16]李克飞,纪昌明,张验科.水电站水库群多目标联合调度风险评价决策研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(10):120-122.(LI Kefei,JI Changming,ZHANG Yanke.A study of risk assessment and decision making for hydropower reservoirsmulti-objective joint operation[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2012(10):120-122.(in Chinese))
[17]闫宝伟,郭生练.考虑洪水过程预报误差的水库防洪调度风险分析[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):803-807.(YANBaowei,GUO Shenglian.Risk estimation of reservoir flood operation in consideration of inflow hydrograph forecasting error[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):803-807.(in Chinese))
[18]钟平安,张梦然,蔡杰,等.基于决策树的梯级水电站泄流补偿调度风险分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(20):63-67.(ZHONG Pingan,ZHANG Mengran,CAIJie,et al.Risk analysis on flow discharge compensating operation for cascade hydroelectric stations based on decision tree[J].Automation of Electric Power System.2012,36(20):63-67.(in Chinese))
[19]“973”计划启动梯级水库群风险机制与安全防控理论项目[J].水利水电技术,2013(2):34.(Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering.The“973”plan initiates the project of the risk mechanism and safety prevention and control theory for cascade reservoirs[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2013(2):34.(in Chinese))
[20]芮钧,徐洁,李永红,等.基于一体化管控平台的智能水电厂经济运行系统构建[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2014(4):1-4.(RUI Jun,XU Jie,LI Yonghong,et al.Economic operation system construction based on unified control and management platform in smart hydropower plant[J].Hydropower Automation and Dam Monitoring,2014(4):1-4.(in Chinese))
[21]万书鹏,雷宝龙,翟明玉.调度与变电站一体化系统链路状态监测与TCP通信方案[J].电力系统自动化,2014(1):92-96.(WAN Shupeng,LEI Baolong,ZHAIMingyu.A scheme for link monitoring and TCPcommunication in dispatch and substation integrated system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014(1):92-96.(in Chinese))
[22]杜贵和,王正风.智能电网调度一体化设计与研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(15):127-131.(DUGuihe,WANG Zhengfeng.Design and research on power network dispatching integration of smart grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(15):127-131.(in Chinese))
[23]曹斌,刘文霞,王睿喆,等.考虑电网运行风险的发用电一体化调度方法[J].电网技术,2015(9):2578-2584.(CAO Bin,LIU Wenxia,WANG Ruizhe,et al.Ageneration and load integrated scheduling method considering grid operation risk[J].Power System Technology,2015(9):2578-2584.(in Chinese))
[24]徐丹丹,米为民,邓勇,等.智能变电站与调度主站间模型/图形协调共享及无缝通信一体化建模方案[J].电网技术,2012(11):235-239.(XU Dandan,MI Weimin,DENG Yong,et al.Integrated modeling for coordinated sharing of models/images and seamless communication between smart substation and dispatch master station[J].Power System Technology,2012(11):235-239.(in Chinese))
[25]关杰林,余波,李晖,等.溪洛渡-向家坝梯级电站“调控一体化”调度运行管理模式研究[J].华东电力,2010(8):1185-1187.(GUAN Jielin,YU Bo,LI Hui,et al.Investigation on operating and scheduling management mode with integration of dispatch and control in XiluoduXiangjiaba Cascade Hydropower Stations[J].East China Electric Power,2010(8):1185-1187.(in Chinese))
[2]肖舸,邢晶.金沙江区域梯级水电站迈入“调控一体化”时代[J].中国三峡,2013(9):27-34.(XIAO Ge,XINGJing.The cascade hydropower stations of Jinsha river have entered the era of“integration of dispatching and supervisory control”[J].China Three Gorges,2013(9):27-34.(in Chinese))
[3]钟青祥,何红荣,杨忠伟,等.大渡河流域梯级水电站集控中心“调控一体化”系统的建设与运行[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2014,38(1):63-66.(ZHONGQingxiang,HE Hongrong,YANG Zhongwei,et al.Construction and operation of control and dispatch integration systems in dadu river cascade hydropower plants centralized control center[J].Hydropower Automation and Dam Monitoring,2014,38(1):63-66.(in Chinese))
[4]何光宏.乌江流域梯级自动发电控制研究与应用[J].水电与新能源,2014(7):1-4.(HE Guanghong.Study on automatic generation control and its application in cascade hydropower stations in Wujiang River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014(7):1-4.(in Chinese))
[5]王雁,姚碧勇.梯级水电站集控中心计算机监控系统的设计与实现[J].水电厂自动化,2017,38(4):11-13.(WANG Yan,YAO Biyong.Design and implementation of computer monitoring system for cascade control center of cascade hydropower stations[J].Hydropower Plant Automation,2017,38(4):11-13.(in Chinese))
[6]邓志华,田启荣.跨流域梯级电站群远程集控管理模式的探索与实践[J].水电站机电技术,2014,37(3):15-17.(DENG Zhihua,TIAN Qirong.Exploration and practice of remote centralized control mode for inter basin cascade hydropower stations[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,2014,37(3):15-17.(in Chinese))
[7]周兴波,陈祖煜,黄跃飞,等.特高坝及梯级水库群设计安全标准研究Ⅲ:梯级土石坝连溃风险分析[J].水利学报,2015,36(7):765-772.(ZHOU Xingbo,CHENZuyu,HUANG Yuefei,et al.Evaluations on the safety design standards for dams with extra height or cascade impacts,partⅢ:risk analysis of embankment break in cascade[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,36(7):765-772.(in Chinese))
[8]WEN Xin,FANG Guohua,GUO Yuxue,et al.Adapting the operation of cascaded reservoirs on Yuan River for fish habitat conservation[J].Ecological Modelling,2016,337:221-230.
[9]纪道斌,龙良红,徐慧,等.梯级水库建设对水环境的累积影响研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(3):7-14.(JI Daobin,LONG Lianghong,XU Hui,et al.Advances in study on cumulative effects of construction of cascaded reservoirs on water environment[J].Advances in::Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(3):7-14.(in Chinese))
[10]刘晓群,戴斌祥.三峡水库运行以来洞庭湖水文条件变化与对策[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):25-31.(LIU Xiaoqun,DAI Binxiang.Variation of hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake and corresponding countermeasure analysis after operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(6):25-31.(in Chinese))
[11]李君纯,李雷.水库大坝安全评判的研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1999(1):77-83.(LI Junchun,LI Lei.A study of evaluation of reservoir dam safety[J].Journal of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1999(1):77-83.(in Chinese))
[12]周惠成,董四辉,邓成林,等.基于随机水文过程的防洪调度风险分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(2):227-232.(ZHOU Huicheng,DONG Sihui,DENG Chenglin,et al.Risk analysis on flood control operation of reservoir based on stochastic hydrological process[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(2):227-232.(in Chinese))
[13]程晓陶.我国推进洪水风险图编制工作基本思路的探讨[J].中国水利,2005(17):11-13.(CHENG Xiaotao.Basic thinking of pushing flood hazard mapping in China[J].China Water Resources,2005(17):11-13.(in Chinese))
[14]顾文权,邵东国,黄显锋,等.基于自优化模拟技术的水库供水风险分析方法及应用[J].水利学报,2008,39(7):788-793.(GU Wenquan,SHAO Dongguo,HUANGXianfeng,et al.Risk analysis on reservoir water supply based on self-optimization simulation[J],Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(7):788-793.(in Chinese))
[15]王丽萍,张验科,纪昌明,等.基于概率最优化方法的水库发电调度风险分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,29(16):1-6.(WANG Liping,ZHANG Yanke,JIChangming,et al.Risk analysis of reservoir generation dispatching based on probability optimization method[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,29(16):1-6.(in Chinese))
[16]李克飞,纪昌明,张验科.水电站水库群多目标联合调度风险评价决策研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(10):120-122.(LI Kefei,JI Changming,ZHANG Yanke.A study of risk assessment and decision making for hydropower reservoirsmulti-objective joint operation[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2012(10):120-122.(in Chinese))
[17]闫宝伟,郭生练.考虑洪水过程预报误差的水库防洪调度风险分析[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):803-807.(YANBaowei,GUO Shenglian.Risk estimation of reservoir flood operation in consideration of inflow hydrograph forecasting error[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):803-807.(in Chinese))
[18]钟平安,张梦然,蔡杰,等.基于决策树的梯级水电站泄流补偿调度风险分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(20):63-67.(ZHONG Pingan,ZHANG Mengran,CAIJie,et al.Risk analysis on flow discharge compensating operation for cascade hydroelectric stations based on decision tree[J].Automation of Electric Power System.2012,36(20):63-67.(in Chinese))
[19]“973”计划启动梯级水库群风险机制与安全防控理论项目[J].水利水电技术,2013(2):34.(Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering.The“973”plan initiates the project of the risk mechanism and safety prevention and control theory for cascade reservoirs[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2013(2):34.(in Chinese))
[20]芮钧,徐洁,李永红,等.基于一体化管控平台的智能水电厂经济运行系统构建[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2014(4):1-4.(RUI Jun,XU Jie,LI Yonghong,et al.Economic operation system construction based on unified control and management platform in smart hydropower plant[J].Hydropower Automation and Dam Monitoring,2014(4):1-4.(in Chinese))
[21]万书鹏,雷宝龙,翟明玉.调度与变电站一体化系统链路状态监测与TCP通信方案[J].电力系统自动化,2014(1):92-96.(WAN Shupeng,LEI Baolong,ZHAIMingyu.A scheme for link monitoring and TCPcommunication in dispatch and substation integrated system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014(1):92-96.(in Chinese))
[22]杜贵和,王正风.智能电网调度一体化设计与研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(15):127-131.(DUGuihe,WANG Zhengfeng.Design and research on power network dispatching integration of smart grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(15):127-131.(in Chinese))
[23]曹斌,刘文霞,王睿喆,等.考虑电网运行风险的发用电一体化调度方法[J].电网技术,2015(9):2578-2584.(CAO Bin,LIU Wenxia,WANG Ruizhe,et al.Ageneration and load integrated scheduling method considering grid operation risk[J].Power System Technology,2015(9):2578-2584.(in Chinese))
[24]徐丹丹,米为民,邓勇,等.智能变电站与调度主站间模型/图形协调共享及无缝通信一体化建模方案[J].电网技术,2012(11):235-239.(XU Dandan,MI Weimin,DENG Yong,et al.Integrated modeling for coordinated sharing of models/images and seamless communication between smart substation and dispatch master station[J].Power System Technology,2012(11):235-239.(in Chinese))
[25]关杰林,余波,李晖,等.溪洛渡-向家坝梯级电站“调控一体化”调度运行管理模式研究[J].华东电力,2010(8):1185-1187.(GUAN Jielin,YU Bo,LI Hui,et al.Investigation on operating and scheduling management mode with integration of dispatch and control in XiluoduXiangjiaba Cascade Hydropower Stations[J].East China Electric Power,2010(8):1185-1187.(in Chinese))