新常态下珠三角互联网企业员工职业压力问题研究
|
摘要
目的了解经济新常态下珠三角互联网企业员工的职业压力状况和表现。方法向深圳市某工业园区5家互联网企业的员工发放并回收197份职业压力有效问卷,且面向20名企业工作人员进行深度访谈,了解员工的职业压力状况。结果 54.2%的被调查员工觉得职业压力很大。员工们在生理方面经常失眠多梦(62.5%)、疲劳乏力(55.4%)和头痛头晕恶心(54.2%);心理方面情绪波动大且容易发怒(51.7%)和有打人或伤害他人的冲动(41.6%);行为上经常与他人发生争执(47.6%),工作频繁出错(32.5%)和总不能按时完成任务(29.9%)等。其压力主要来源于工作的高负荷(53.3%)和高标准(53.3%)、企业提供的培训和学习机会较少(71.6%)、职业晋升难度较大(63.5%)等因素。结论新常态下宏观经济下行的压力经由企业运营的链条传递给员工,导致目前珠三角地区互联网企业员工的职业压力较大,且深度影响到员工的身心健康和工作效率,值得引起各界关注和重视。
[Objective]To understand the occupational stress and performance of employees in Internet enterprises in the pearl river delta under the new normal of the economy. [Methods] A questionnaire survey was conducted among employees of5 Internet enterprises in an industrial park of Shenzhen and 197 questionnaires were valid, and the in-depth interviews with 20 enterprise staff were done to evaluate employees' occupational stress.[Results] 54.2% of the employees surveyed felt great pressure in their career. In terms of physiology, employees often suffered from insomnia and more dreams(62.5%), fatigue(55.4%), headache, dizziness and nausea(54.2%). In psychological aspect, emotional fluctuation was observed such as easy to anger(51.7%) and impulse to hit or hurt others(41.6%). Behavioral conflict with others(47.6%), frequent errors at work(32.5%) and failure to complete tasks on time(29.9%) were common. The pressure mainly came from factors such as high work load(53.3%) and high standard(53.3%), less training and learning opportunities provided by enterprises(71.6%), and greater difficulty in career promotion( 63. 5 %).[Conclusion]Under the new normal, the downward pressure of macro economy is transmitted to employees through the chain of enterprise operation, which leads to the greater occupational pressure of employees in Internet enterprises in the pearl river delta region, and has a profound impact on the physical and mental health and work efficiency of employees, which is worthy of public regarding and concern.
[Objective]To understand the occupational stress and performance of employees in Internet enterprises in the pearl river delta under the new normal of the economy. [Methods] A questionnaire survey was conducted among employees of5 Internet enterprises in an industrial park of Shenzhen and 197 questionnaires were valid, and the in-depth interviews with 20 enterprise staff were done to evaluate employees' occupational stress.[Results] 54.2% of the employees surveyed felt great pressure in their career. In terms of physiology, employees often suffered from insomnia and more dreams(62.5%), fatigue(55.4%), headache, dizziness and nausea(54.2%). In psychological aspect, emotional fluctuation was observed such as easy to anger(51.7%) and impulse to hit or hurt others(41.6%). Behavioral conflict with others(47.6%), frequent errors at work(32.5%) and failure to complete tasks on time(29.9%) were common. The pressure mainly came from factors such as high work load(53.3%) and high standard(53.3%), less training and learning opportunities provided by enterprises(71.6%), and greater difficulty in career promotion( 63. 5 %).[Conclusion]Under the new normal, the downward pressure of macro economy is transmitted to employees through the chain of enterprise operation, which leads to the greater occupational pressure of employees in Internet enterprises in the pearl river delta region, and has a profound impact on the physical and mental health and work efficiency of employees, which is worthy of public regarding and concern.
引文
[1]KAHN RL,WOLFE DM,QUINN RP,et al. Organizational stress:studies in role conf-lict and ambiguity[M]. Oxford:John Wiley,1964:10-20.
[2]FRENCH J,CAPLAN R. The mechanism of job stress and strain[M].New York:Wiley,1982:284-285.
[3]SUMMERS T,DECOTIIS T. A field study of some antecedents and consequences of felt job stress[M]. Rick Crandall,Pamela L Perrewe.Occupational Stress:A Handbook. Florence:CRS Press,1995:93-97.
[4]KOURMOUSI N,DARVIRI C,VARVOGLI L,et al. Teacher stress inventory:validation of the Greek Version and perceived stress levels among 3447 educators[J/OL].Psychol Res Behav Manag,2015,8:81-88.[2018-07-26].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4358647/.DOI:10.2147/PRBM.S74752.
[5]NAM SJ,CHUN HJ,MOON JS,et al. Job stress and job satisfaction among health-care workers of endoscopy units in Korea[J/OL]. Clin Endosc,2016,49(3):266-272.[2018-07-26].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895948/.DOI:10.5946/ce.2015.085.
[6]SHAHID HAFEEZ. The impact of job stress on performance of employees:a study of social security hospital of district Okara&Sahiwal[J/OL].J Neur Stre Mang,2018,3:4-12.[2018-07-26].https://zh.scribd.com/document/383283194/Impact-of-Job-Stress-by-Shahid-Hafeez.DOI:10.1016/jnsm.2018.02.002
[7]阎光才.象牙塔背后的阴影——高校教师职业压力及其对学术活力影响述评[J].高等教育研究,2018(4):48-58.
[9]巨晓山.一线城市中小学教师职业压力的现状、成因及对策--基于深圳市宝安区的调研分析[J].中国教育学刊,2018(3):80-82.
[9]王滔,汪夕桢,马利.情绪应对策略在特殊教育教师职业压力与职业倦怠间的作用:中介效应还是调节效应[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018(4):102-108.
[10]何华玲,张晨.新时期公务员职业压力及其化解[J].长白学刊,2017(6):49-56.
[11]李艳青,江光荣,任志洪,等.公安机关警察职业压力源量表的编制[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2016,30(6):470-475.
[12]邱晶青,杨心玫,倪士光.深圳市医生工作家庭冲突与工作焦虑的关系:职业压力的中介作用[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(23):4248-4262.
[13]李育辉,侯雪瑞,许昉昉,等.护理人员的职业压力与职业倦怠研究:基于某老年病医院的案例分析[J].中国人力资源开发,2017(2):32-39.
[14]赵静,米淑兰.在职员工职业压力与心理健康现状调查[J].北京宣武红旗业余大学学报,2013(3):50-53.
[15]深圳新闻网.2017年深圳平均月薪8 421元,薪酬最高的是这个行业[EB/OL].(2017-11-16)[2018-07-26],https://news.china.com/socialgd/10000169/20171116/31673506_1.html.
[2]FRENCH J,CAPLAN R. The mechanism of job stress and strain[M].New York:Wiley,1982:284-285.
[3]SUMMERS T,DECOTIIS T. A field study of some antecedents and consequences of felt job stress[M]. Rick Crandall,Pamela L Perrewe.Occupational Stress:A Handbook. Florence:CRS Press,1995:93-97.
[4]KOURMOUSI N,DARVIRI C,VARVOGLI L,et al. Teacher stress inventory:validation of the Greek Version and perceived stress levels among 3447 educators[J/OL].Psychol Res Behav Manag,2015,8:81-88.[2018-07-26].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4358647/.DOI:10.2147/PRBM.S74752.
[5]NAM SJ,CHUN HJ,MOON JS,et al. Job stress and job satisfaction among health-care workers of endoscopy units in Korea[J/OL]. Clin Endosc,2016,49(3):266-272.[2018-07-26].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895948/.DOI:10.5946/ce.2015.085.
[6]SHAHID HAFEEZ. The impact of job stress on performance of employees:a study of social security hospital of district Okara&Sahiwal[J/OL].J Neur Stre Mang,2018,3:4-12.[2018-07-26].https://zh.scribd.com/document/383283194/Impact-of-Job-Stress-by-Shahid-Hafeez.DOI:10.1016/jnsm.2018.02.002
[7]阎光才.象牙塔背后的阴影——高校教师职业压力及其对学术活力影响述评[J].高等教育研究,2018(4):48-58.
[9]巨晓山.一线城市中小学教师职业压力的现状、成因及对策--基于深圳市宝安区的调研分析[J].中国教育学刊,2018(3):80-82.
[9]王滔,汪夕桢,马利.情绪应对策略在特殊教育教师职业压力与职业倦怠间的作用:中介效应还是调节效应[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018(4):102-108.
[10]何华玲,张晨.新时期公务员职业压力及其化解[J].长白学刊,2017(6):49-56.
[11]李艳青,江光荣,任志洪,等.公安机关警察职业压力源量表的编制[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2016,30(6):470-475.
[12]邱晶青,杨心玫,倪士光.深圳市医生工作家庭冲突与工作焦虑的关系:职业压力的中介作用[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(23):4248-4262.
[13]李育辉,侯雪瑞,许昉昉,等.护理人员的职业压力与职业倦怠研究:基于某老年病医院的案例分析[J].中国人力资源开发,2017(2):32-39.
[14]赵静,米淑兰.在职员工职业压力与心理健康现状调查[J].北京宣武红旗业余大学学报,2013(3):50-53.
[15]深圳新闻网.2017年深圳平均月薪8 421元,薪酬最高的是这个行业[EB/OL].(2017-11-16)[2018-07-26],https://news.china.com/socialgd/10000169/20171116/31673506_1.html.