砂姜黑土区花生优质高产的氮钙硫施肥模型研究
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摘要
为优化砂姜黑土区花生优质高产的施肥方案,本试验以豫花22为试验材料,在大田条件下,采用三因素二次饱和D-最优设计方法,研究氮肥、钙肥与硫肥配施对豫南砂姜黑土花生产量和品质的影响。结果表明,氮肥、钙肥和硫肥对花生产量和品质有显著影响,产量效应方程中中等偏上的氮肥和较高的钙肥存在显著的交互效应,品质效应方程中中等偏上的钙肥和中等偏下的硫肥存在显著的交互效应。比较偏回归系数发现,氮肥对产量的影响最大,其次是钙肥,硫肥对产量的影响最小,对籽仁品质影响依次表现为氮肥>硫肥>钙肥。单因素效应分析表明,本试验条件下的花生产量和品质与氮肥、钙肥、硫肥的用量呈"抛物线"型变化。模型模拟分析表明,花生优质高产的氮、钙、硫施用量组合为104.08～111.81、234.36～282.21、25.15～40.88 kg·hm~(-2);在经济效益最大时(36 682.82元·hm~(-2)),氮、钙、硫最佳施用量组合为107.62、243.15、22.91 kg·hm~(-2),配施比为1∶2.26∶0.21。综上,本研究构建的模型较好地模拟了氮、钙、硫肥与花生产量和品质的关系;同时发现氮钙硫肥互作能够影响花生产量和品质,但花生获得最高产量和最佳品质的氮钙硫配施组合存在差异。本研究结果为豫南砂姜黑土区的合理施肥提供了理论依据。
To determine the optimal application scheme of nitrogen, calcium and sulfur fertilizer for good quality and high yield of peanuts in Shajiang black soilarea, the effects of nitrogen(N), calcium(Ca) and sulfur(S) fertilizers on the yield and quality of Yuhua 22 peanut cultivar were studied using the three-factor secondary saturation D-optimal design method. The model analysis results showed that the yield and quality of peanut were significantly affected by N, Ca and S fertilizer. There were significant interactive effects between medium-upper N fertilizer and higher Ca fertilizer in the yield effect equation, and between medium Ca fertilizers and medium S fertilizers in the quality effect equation. Compared with the values of partial regression coefficients, we found that the yield was the largest affect by N fertilizer, followed by Ca fertilizer, and then S fertilizer; while the order of the influence of these three fertilizer on peanut kernel quality was: N > Ca > S. The single-factor effect analysis showed that the relationships between the yield or quality of peanuts and the N, Ca and S fertilizer application rates had a "parabolic" trend. The application rates of N, CaO and S fertilizer for the good quality and high yield of peanut were 104.08～111.81, 234.36～282.21 and 25.15～40.88 kg·hm~(-2). The combination of optimal application rates of N, Ca and S for achievingmaximal economic benefit(36 682.82 Yuan·hm~(-2)) were 107.62, 243.15 and 22.91 kg·hm~(-2), and the ratio was 1∶2.26∶0.21. In conclusion, the constructed model could be better for simulating the relationship between three kinds of fertilizers and peanut yield or quality; and we founded that the yield and quality were affected by the interaction of N, Ca and S fertilizer, but these three fertilizer application rates were different for achieving good quality and highest yield of peanuts. Our findings can provide scientific guidance for reasonable fertilization in the black soil area of southern Henan province.
To determine the optimal application scheme of nitrogen, calcium and sulfur fertilizer for good quality and high yield of peanuts in Shajiang black soilarea, the effects of nitrogen(N), calcium(Ca) and sulfur(S) fertilizers on the yield and quality of Yuhua 22 peanut cultivar were studied using the three-factor secondary saturation D-optimal design method. The model analysis results showed that the yield and quality of peanut were significantly affected by N, Ca and S fertilizer. There were significant interactive effects between medium-upper N fertilizer and higher Ca fertilizer in the yield effect equation, and between medium Ca fertilizers and medium S fertilizers in the quality effect equation. Compared with the values of partial regression coefficients, we found that the yield was the largest affect by N fertilizer, followed by Ca fertilizer, and then S fertilizer; while the order of the influence of these three fertilizer on peanut kernel quality was: N > Ca > S. The single-factor effect analysis showed that the relationships between the yield or quality of peanuts and the N, Ca and S fertilizer application rates had a "parabolic" trend. The application rates of N, CaO and S fertilizer for the good quality and high yield of peanut were 104.08～111.81, 234.36～282.21 and 25.15～40.88 kg·hm~(-2). The combination of optimal application rates of N, Ca and S for achievingmaximal economic benefit(36 682.82 Yuan·hm~(-2)) were 107.62, 243.15 and 22.91 kg·hm~(-2), and the ratio was 1∶2.26∶0.21. In conclusion, the constructed model could be better for simulating the relationship between three kinds of fertilizers and peanut yield or quality; and we founded that the yield and quality were affected by the interaction of N, Ca and S fertilizer, but these three fertilizer application rates were different for achieving good quality and highest yield of peanuts. Our findings can provide scientific guidance for reasonable fertilization in the black soil area of southern Henan province.
引文
[1] 熊路,卢山,王慜,吴佳宝,邱柳,刘登望,李林.花生主要营养品质的农艺调控研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(18):7-14
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[3] 周录英,李向东,汤笑,林英杰,李宗奉,李宝龙.氮、磷、钾肥配施对花生生理特性及产量、品质的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2707-2714
[4] Boydak E,Karaaslan .The effect of different nitrogen and irrigation levels on fatty acid composition of peanut oils[J].Turkish Journal of Field Crops,2010,15(1):29-33
[5] 李子双,王薇,张世文,贺洪军,赵同凯,黄元仿.氮磷与硅钙肥配施对辣椒产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):458-466
[6] 万书波.中国花生栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003
[7] Zhou L,Li X,Wang L,Tang X,Lin Y.Effects of different ca applications on physiological characteristics,yield and quality in peanut[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(5):879-885
[8] 顾学花,孙莲强,高波,孙奇泽,刘辰,张佳蕾,李向东.施钙对干旱胁迫下花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1433-1439
[9] 张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,于晓霞,杨莎,张思斌,耿耘,李新国,万书波.酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(11):1101-1109
[10] Pancholi P,Yadav S,Gupta A.The influence of weed control and sulphur fertilization on oil content and production of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in semi-arid region of rajasthan[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,2017,6(4):677-679
[11] Vaghasia P,Khanpara Ⅴ,Mathukia R.Impact of in-situ moisture conservation and sulphur nutrition on yield,quality and nutrient uptake by groundnut[J].International Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,3(1):151-153
[12] 李尚霞,刘文全,徐秀娟,崔贤,杨同荣,郭鹤久.施硫肥对花生农艺性状和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(4):37-39
[13] 周晓阳,依艳丽,徐龙超.钙氮营养平衡对番茄叶霉病抗性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(5):56-61
[14] Jamal A,Fazli Ⅰ S,Ahmad S,Abdin M Z.Interactive effect of nitrogen and sulphur on yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) [J].Korean Journal of Crop Science,2006,51(6):519-522
[15] 许建,贾凯,朱君芳,胡梅,王娜,高杰.适宜的氮硫配施提高基质栽培大蒜鳞茎品质[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(4):203-208
[16] 王媛媛.钙、硫肥不同用量及配比对花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013
[17] 刘新伦,王哲笃,张睿,刘党校,戴开军.旱地地膜小麦高产栽培优化数学模型研究[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(4):154-157
[18] 袁亭亭.嫁接栽培与施肥水平对番茄生长发育及养分吸收利用特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010
[19] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.5-2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[20] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.6-2016食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[21] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.168-2016食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[22] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.124-2016食品安全国家标准食品中氨基酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[23] 吕晓男,陆允甫,王人潮.土壤肥力综合评价初步研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),1999,25(4):378-382
[24] R Core Team.R:A language and environment for statistical computing [DB/OL].(2016-03-01) [2016-06-21].https://www.R-project.org/
[25] 胡家齐,夏桂敏,张柏纶,张,迟道才.花生补灌条件下施氮对土壤氮素吸收与转化的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(1):96-105
[26] 王才斌,吴正锋,刘俊华,杨伟强,卢俊玲,郭峰,成波,郑亚萍,陈殿绪.不同供N水平对花生硝酸盐累积与分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):915-919
[27] 杨吉顺,李尚霞,张智猛,吴菊香,樊宏.施氮对不同花生品种光合特性及干物质积累的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):154-160
[28] 张智猛,万书波,戴良香,宁堂原,宋文武.施氮水平对不同花生品种氮代谢及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(2):280-290
[29] Yang S,Wang F,Guo F,Meng J J,Li X G,Wan S B.Calcium contributes to photoprotection and repair of photosystem Ⅱ in peanut leaves during heat and high irradiance[J].Plant Biology Journal of Integrative,2015,57(5):486-495
[30] 张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,杨莎,耿耘,杨佃卿,李元高,张文生,李新国,万书波.钙肥对旱地花生生育后期生理特性和产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(3):321-327
[31] 朱云集,沈学善,李国强,屈会娟,郭天财,戴廷波,曹卫星.硫氮配施对弱筋小麦品种豫麦50籽粒产量和淀粉性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(2):271-275
[32] Njira K O,Nabwami J.A review of effects of nutrient elements on crop quality[J].African Journal of Food,Agriculture,Nutrition and Development,2015,15(1):9777-9793
[33] 谢瑞芝,董树亭,胡昌浩,王空军.氮硫互作对玉米籽粒营养品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(3):263-268
[34] Jamal A,Moon Y S,Abdin M Z.Sulphur-a general overview and interaction with nitrogen[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2010,4(7):523-529
[2] 张翔,张新友,毛家伟,张玉亭.施氮水平对不同花生品种产量与品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1417-1423
[3] 周录英,李向东,汤笑,林英杰,李宗奉,李宝龙.氮、磷、钾肥配施对花生生理特性及产量、品质的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2707-2714
[4] Boydak E,Karaaslan .The effect of different nitrogen and irrigation levels on fatty acid composition of peanut oils[J].Turkish Journal of Field Crops,2010,15(1):29-33
[5] 李子双,王薇,张世文,贺洪军,赵同凯,黄元仿.氮磷与硅钙肥配施对辣椒产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):458-466
[6] 万书波.中国花生栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003
[7] Zhou L,Li X,Wang L,Tang X,Lin Y.Effects of different ca applications on physiological characteristics,yield and quality in peanut[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(5):879-885
[8] 顾学花,孙莲强,高波,孙奇泽,刘辰,张佳蕾,李向东.施钙对干旱胁迫下花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1433-1439
[9] 张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,于晓霞,杨莎,张思斌,耿耘,李新国,万书波.酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(11):1101-1109
[10] Pancholi P,Yadav S,Gupta A.The influence of weed control and sulphur fertilization on oil content and production of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in semi-arid region of rajasthan[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,2017,6(4):677-679
[11] Vaghasia P,Khanpara Ⅴ,Mathukia R.Impact of in-situ moisture conservation and sulphur nutrition on yield,quality and nutrient uptake by groundnut[J].International Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,3(1):151-153
[12] 李尚霞,刘文全,徐秀娟,崔贤,杨同荣,郭鹤久.施硫肥对花生农艺性状和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(4):37-39
[13] 周晓阳,依艳丽,徐龙超.钙氮营养平衡对番茄叶霉病抗性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(5):56-61
[14] Jamal A,Fazli Ⅰ S,Ahmad S,Abdin M Z.Interactive effect of nitrogen and sulphur on yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) [J].Korean Journal of Crop Science,2006,51(6):519-522
[15] 许建,贾凯,朱君芳,胡梅,王娜,高杰.适宜的氮硫配施提高基质栽培大蒜鳞茎品质[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(4):203-208
[16] 王媛媛.钙、硫肥不同用量及配比对花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013
[17] 刘新伦,王哲笃,张睿,刘党校,戴开军.旱地地膜小麦高产栽培优化数学模型研究[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(4):154-157
[18] 袁亭亭.嫁接栽培与施肥水平对番茄生长发育及养分吸收利用特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010
[19] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.5-2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[20] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.6-2016食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[21] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.168-2016食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[22] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会和国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 5009.124-2016食品安全国家标准食品中氨基酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017
[23] 吕晓男,陆允甫,王人潮.土壤肥力综合评价初步研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),1999,25(4):378-382
[24] R Core Team.R:A language and environment for statistical computing [DB/OL].(2016-03-01) [2016-06-21].https://www.R-project.org/
[25] 胡家齐,夏桂敏,张柏纶,张,迟道才.花生补灌条件下施氮对土壤氮素吸收与转化的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(1):96-105
[26] 王才斌,吴正锋,刘俊华,杨伟强,卢俊玲,郭峰,成波,郑亚萍,陈殿绪.不同供N水平对花生硝酸盐累积与分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):915-919
[27] 杨吉顺,李尚霞,张智猛,吴菊香,樊宏.施氮对不同花生品种光合特性及干物质积累的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):154-160
[28] 张智猛,万书波,戴良香,宁堂原,宋文武.施氮水平对不同花生品种氮代谢及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(2):280-290
[29] Yang S,Wang F,Guo F,Meng J J,Li X G,Wan S B.Calcium contributes to photoprotection and repair of photosystem Ⅱ in peanut leaves during heat and high irradiance[J].Plant Biology Journal of Integrative,2015,57(5):486-495
[30] 张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,杨莎,耿耘,杨佃卿,李元高,张文生,李新国,万书波.钙肥对旱地花生生育后期生理特性和产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(3):321-327
[31] 朱云集,沈学善,李国强,屈会娟,郭天财,戴廷波,曹卫星.硫氮配施对弱筋小麦品种豫麦50籽粒产量和淀粉性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(2):271-275
[32] Njira K O,Nabwami J.A review of effects of nutrient elements on crop quality[J].African Journal of Food,Agriculture,Nutrition and Development,2015,15(1):9777-9793
[33] 谢瑞芝,董树亭,胡昌浩,王空军.氮硫互作对玉米籽粒营养品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(3):263-268
[34] Jamal A,Moon Y S,Abdin M Z.Sulphur-a general overview and interaction with nitrogen[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2010,4(7):523-529