云南德宏傣族传统村落植物景观及应用研究
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摘要
传统村落的植物景观反应了一个民族在长期实践中积累的植物认知和应用经验,该研究对云南省德宏州大盈江、瑞丽江流域的19个傣族传统村落进行了植物景观及应用调查。结果表明:德宏傣族传统村落植物景观水平分布为寨外(山林绿块+农田绿块+护堤绿带)——寨边(防护绿环+高山榕绿块)——寨内(绿点+绿线)的格局;垂直分布有5个景观层次;村寨内常见植物共181种,73科;村寨内植物多为人工栽培,具较强实用性,主要应用功能集中在食用、药用、观赏、防护隔离、香薰调味等方面;傣寨植物人文景观具宗教色彩。建议加强植物水平分布的空间联系,建立稳定的绿地系统格局;保持植物垂直景观层次,推广植物的建造功能应用;充分利用植物资源,形成产业优势;传承优秀的植物文化景观。推广植物在村落建设中的传统应用经验,促进民族村落与植物的可持续保护与发展,为德宏傣族人居环境建设与民族植物学应用提供科学依据。
Plant landscape of a traditional village reflects the plant cognition and application experience that accumulated by a nation in long-term practice. We investigated the plant landscapes and application in nineteen traditional Dai villages in the Dayingjiang River and Ruilijiang River in Dehong State,Yunnan Province. The results were as follow: The distribution pattern of the plants in traditional Dai villages in Dehong state is outside village,around village and inside village; there are five landscape levels in the vertical direction of the plant landscape. There are 181 species of common plants belonging to 73 families. Also,the plants in the village are cultivated due to their practicality,and their functions are focused on food,medicinal use,viewing,protection,isolation,aromatherapy,etc. And their plant landscape has typical religious features. It is suggested to strengthen the spatial connection of the plant horizontal distribution and establish a stable green space system pattern. Maintain the vertical landscape level of the plants and promote the application of plant construction functions. Make full use of the plant resources to from an industrial advantage,thus to inhert the excellent plant cultural landsscape. Finally,to popularize the traditional application experience of plants in village construction,promote the sustainable protection and development of ethnic villages and plants. The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the construction of Dehong people's habitat and ethnology.
Plant landscape of a traditional village reflects the plant cognition and application experience that accumulated by a nation in long-term practice. We investigated the plant landscapes and application in nineteen traditional Dai villages in the Dayingjiang River and Ruilijiang River in Dehong State,Yunnan Province. The results were as follow: The distribution pattern of the plants in traditional Dai villages in Dehong state is outside village,around village and inside village; there are five landscape levels in the vertical direction of the plant landscape. There are 181 species of common plants belonging to 73 families. Also,the plants in the village are cultivated due to their practicality,and their functions are focused on food,medicinal use,viewing,protection,isolation,aromatherapy,etc. And their plant landscape has typical religious features. It is suggested to strengthen the spatial connection of the plant horizontal distribution and establish a stable green space system pattern. Maintain the vertical landscape level of the plants and promote the application of plant construction functions. Make full use of the plant resources to from an industrial advantage,thus to inhert the excellent plant cultural landsscape. Finally,to popularize the traditional application experience of plants in village construction,promote the sustainable protection and development of ethnic villages and plants. The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the construction of Dehong people's habitat and ethnology.
引文
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ZHANG JF,WU H,HU Y,et al.,2015.Plant biodiversity changes in rural ecological land scape construction[J].Chin Landsc Architect,(12):5-8[张建锋,吴灏,胡颖,等,2015.浙北乡村生态景观林改造前后的植物多样性特征[J].中国园林,(12):5-8.]
HOME R,ANGELONC S,HUNZIKER M,et al.,2014.Public prefrences for ecosystem-enhancing elements in agricultural landscape in the Swiss lowlands[J].J Integr Environ Sci,11(2):93-108.
HANG L,YANG C,YANG DH,et al,2016.Defense system of ancient Meixiao Village in Haikou[J].GD Landscape Architect,(1):16-21[黄莉,杨灿,杨定海,等,2016.海口美孝村古村落防御系统解读[J].广东园林,(1):16-21.]
HUANG Y,CHEN H,HUANG ZJ,et al.,2006.Construction of urban green space ecosystem by using corridor network:Acase study in west urban area of Dongying City,Shandong Province[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,17(9):1683-1687[黄艺,陈晖,黄志基,等,2006.利用廊道网络构建城市绿地生态系统---以东营市西城区为例[J].应用生态学报,17(9):1683-1687.]
LIU SL,ZHAO JM,2009.Higher plant of Dehong region[M].Beijing:Science Press[刘世龙,赵见明,2009.云南德宏州高等植物[M].北京:科学出版社.]
PEI SJ,2013.Ethnobotany and its modern applied research in china[J].Plant Divers Resour,(4):397-400[裴盛基,2013.民族植物学及其现代应用研究[J].植物分类与资源学报,(4):397-400.]
PEI SJ,2013.Ethnobotany and the sustainable use of biodiversity[J].Plant Divers Resour,(4):401-406[裴盛基,2013.民族植物学与生物多样性的可持续利用[J].植物分类与资源学报,(4):401-406.]
TANG ZY,YAN F,2017.Greening planning and its structure layout of new rural courtyard plants in china:A case study of Henan Province[J].Chin J Agric Resour Reg Plan,7(38):121-125[汤振兴,闫芳,2017.新农村庭院植物绿化规划及空间结构布局---以河南省为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,7(38):121-125.]
WU YW,JIAN WN,2017.Study on ecological symbiosis model of“plants and houses”in the loess plateau-taking the semihumid area as an example[J].Architect Cult,163(10):229-231.[武艳文,菅文娜,2017.黄土高原“植物-民居”生态共生模式研究---以半湿润区为例[J].建筑与文化,163(10):229-231.]
XU RJ,ZHUANG XY,MO HZ,et al.,2012.Floristic diversity of Fengshui woods in limestone region,Qingyuan,China[J].J S Chin Agric Univ,33(4):513-518[徐瑞晶,庄雪影,莫惠芝,等,2012.清远白湾石灰岩山区村落风水林植物物种多样性研究[J].华南农业大学学报,33(4):513-518.]
ZHU H,ZHAO JM,CAI M,et al.,2004.Studies on the flora of Dehong region,SW(Ⅰ)-Floristic composition and geographical elements at generic level[J].Guihaia,24(3):193-198[朱华,赵见明,蔡敏,等,2004.云南德宏州种子植物区系研究---科和属的地理成分分析[J].广西植物,24(3):193-198.]
ZHANG JF,WU H,HU Y,et al.,2015.Plant biodiversity changes in rural ecological land scape construction[J].Chin Landsc Architect,(12):5-8[张建锋,吴灏,胡颖,等,2015.浙北乡村生态景观林改造前后的植物多样性特征[J].中国园林,(12):5-8.]