湖南沅水五强溪水库鱼类资源现状及其历史变化
|
摘要
水电工程对鱼类生境和资源多样性具有重大的影响.于2012年4月-2014年3月,对湖南省沅水五强溪水库鱼类资源进行调查,以了解五强溪水库建成20年后鱼类资源的现状及多样性变化.结果表明,在五强溪水库共采集鉴定鱼类86种(包括引进种5种),隶属7目18科58属.种类组成以鲤形目种类数最多,占总种类数的66.28%.在五强溪水库库尾、库区和坝下江段,鱼类物种数分别为54、67和52,其中,库区与坝下江段之间鱼类群落为中等相似,库区与库尾、库尾与坝下江段之间鱼类群落为中等不相似.在生态类型上,水库鱼类呈现多样化特征,以湖泊定居性、杂食性和底栖性鱼类居多,分别占总种类数的68.60%、55.81%和41.86%.各江段渔获物组成存在一定差异,但黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、鲤(Cyprinuscarpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus)等在各江段均占有较高比例.渔获物产量和规格以库区较高,库尾、坝下江段偏低,鱼类小型化现象明显.与五强溪水库建成前相比,本次调查水库库区江段鱼类种类减少46种,降幅为40.71%,一些常见经济鱼类如鳤(Ochetobius elongatus)、白甲鱼(Onychostoma sima)、瓣结鱼(Brevifilis brevifilis)、长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)等没有发现.
Hydropower development had a significant effect on the fish habitat and their biological diversity. To evaluating the current status and changes of fishery resource of Wuqiangxi Reservoir 20 years after the completion of a hydroelectric dam,the fish resources were investigated during April of 2012 to March of 2014. Results showed that a total of 86 fish species( including 5 introduced) were collected,belonging to 7 orders,18 family,58 genera. Cypriniformes were dominant,accounting for 66. 28% of the total species. There were 54,67 and 52 fish species found in the end,reservoir and downstream reach of Wuqiangxi Reservoir,respectively. The jaccard similarity coefficient showed that the fish communities of the reservoir area were highly similar to those at the dam sector,and moderately dissimilar to those at the reservoir tail. It was also the same moderately dissimilar between the reservoir tail and the dam sector. With regard to ecological type,fish communities in the Wuqiangxi Reservoir showed diversification types,the sedentary,omnivore and demersa species were dominant,accounting for 68. 60%,55. 81% and 41. 86% of the total species,respectively. Despite the species of the catches in various sections were different,the species number such as Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Carassius auratus,Cyprinuscarpio and Culter mongolicus occupied a higher proportion in each section. The yield and dimension of the reservoir area were higher than those of the other two sections,and the catches showed miniaturization significantly.We compared the fish species number of the reservoir area between the pre- and post-dam periods,the fish species reduced 46 species and dropped 40. 71%. Some common economic fishes such as Ochetobius elongatus,Onychostoma sima,Brevifilis brevifilis and Leiocassis longirostris were not found.
Hydropower development had a significant effect on the fish habitat and their biological diversity. To evaluating the current status and changes of fishery resource of Wuqiangxi Reservoir 20 years after the completion of a hydroelectric dam,the fish resources were investigated during April of 2012 to March of 2014. Results showed that a total of 86 fish species( including 5 introduced) were collected,belonging to 7 orders,18 family,58 genera. Cypriniformes were dominant,accounting for 66. 28% of the total species. There were 54,67 and 52 fish species found in the end,reservoir and downstream reach of Wuqiangxi Reservoir,respectively. The jaccard similarity coefficient showed that the fish communities of the reservoir area were highly similar to those at the dam sector,and moderately dissimilar to those at the reservoir tail. It was also the same moderately dissimilar between the reservoir tail and the dam sector. With regard to ecological type,fish communities in the Wuqiangxi Reservoir showed diversification types,the sedentary,omnivore and demersa species were dominant,accounting for 68. 60%,55. 81% and 41. 86% of the total species,respectively. Despite the species of the catches in various sections were different,the species number such as Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Carassius auratus,Cyprinuscarpio and Culter mongolicus occupied a higher proportion in each section. The yield and dimension of the reservoir area were higher than those of the other two sections,and the catches showed miniaturization significantly.We compared the fish species number of the reservoir area between the pre- and post-dam periods,the fish species reduced 46 species and dropped 40. 71%. Some common economic fishes such as Ochetobius elongatus,Onychostoma sima,Brevifilis brevifilis and Leiocassis longirostris were not found.
引文
[1]蒋红,谢嗣光,赵文谦等.二滩水电站水库形成后鱼类种类组成的演变.水生生物学报,2007,31(4):532-539.
[2]Patrick M.Silenced Rivers:The ecology and politics of large dams.Enlarged and updated edition.London:Zed Books Ltd,2001.
[3]Barrella W,Petrere MJ.Fish community alterations due to pollution and damming in Tiete and Paranapanema rivers(Brazil).River Reseach and Applications,2003,19(1):59-76.
[4]Merona B,Vigouroux R,Tejerina-Garro FL.Alteration of fish diversity downstream from Petit-Saut Dam in French Guiana.Implication of ecological strategies of fish species.Hydrobiologia,2005,551:33-47.
[5]危起伟,陈细华,杨德国等.葛洲坝截流24年来中华鲟产卵群体结构的变化.中国水产科学,2005,12(4):452-457.
[6]Qiao Y,Tang X,Brosse S et al.Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)in the Yangtze River,a hydroacoustic assessment of fish location and abundance on the last spawning ground.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2006,22(Suppl.1):140-144.
[7]罗郧红.五强溪水库建库前后水质变化分析.四川水力发电,2009,28(5):82-87.
[8]邓中粦,蔡明艳,陈景星.五强溪水利工程对沅江鱼类资源的影响.淡水渔业,1992,4:12-16.
[9]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册.北京:中国农业出版社,1991:242-298.
[10]陈宜瑜.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(中卷).北京:科学出版社,1998:1-531.
[11]乐佩琦.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(下卷).北京:科学出版社,2000:1-661.
[12]褚新洛,郑葆珊,戴定远等.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲇形目.北京:科学出版社,1999:1-200.
[13]朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1995:1-549.
[14]陈小华,李小平,程曦.黄浦江和苏州河上游鱼类多样性组成的时空特征.生物多样性,2008,16(2):191-196.
[15]茹辉军,刘学勤,黄向荣等.大型通江湖泊洞庭湖的鱼类物种多样性及其时空变化.湖泊科学,2008,20(1):93-99.DOI 10.18307/2008.0114.
[16]湖北省水生生物研究所鱼类研究室.长江鱼类.北京:科学出版社,1976.
[17]胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰.鄱阳湖湖口水域鱼类群落结构及种类多样性.湖泊科学,2011,23(2):246-250.DOI10.18307/2011.0213.
[18]叶富良,张健东.鱼类生态学.广州:广东高等教育出版社,2002:56-57.
[19]茹辉军,王海军,赵伟华等.黄河干流鱼类群落特征及其历史变化.生物多样性,2010,18(2):179-186.
[20]李捷,李新辉,谭细畅等.广东肇庆西江珍稀鱼类省级自然保护区鱼类多样性.湖泊科学,2008,20(1):93-99.DOI 10.18307/2009.0415.
[21]Perera HA,Li ZJ,Silva SS et al.Effect of the distance from the dam on river fish community structure and compositional trends,with reference to the Three Gorges Dam,Yangtze River,China.Acta Hydrobiologicca Sinica,2014,38(3):438-445.
[22]刘春池,高欣,林鹏程等.葛洲坝水库鱼类群落结构特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(7):843-849.
[23]Marchetti MP,Moyle PB.Effects of flow regime on fish assemblages in a regulated California stream.Ecological Applications,2001,11(2):530-539.
[24]林鹏程,高欣,刘春池等.葛洲坝上下游江段鱼类时空分布特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(9):1047-1053.
[2]Patrick M.Silenced Rivers:The ecology and politics of large dams.Enlarged and updated edition.London:Zed Books Ltd,2001.
[3]Barrella W,Petrere MJ.Fish community alterations due to pollution and damming in Tiete and Paranapanema rivers(Brazil).River Reseach and Applications,2003,19(1):59-76.
[4]Merona B,Vigouroux R,Tejerina-Garro FL.Alteration of fish diversity downstream from Petit-Saut Dam in French Guiana.Implication of ecological strategies of fish species.Hydrobiologia,2005,551:33-47.
[5]危起伟,陈细华,杨德国等.葛洲坝截流24年来中华鲟产卵群体结构的变化.中国水产科学,2005,12(4):452-457.
[6]Qiao Y,Tang X,Brosse S et al.Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)in the Yangtze River,a hydroacoustic assessment of fish location and abundance on the last spawning ground.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2006,22(Suppl.1):140-144.
[7]罗郧红.五强溪水库建库前后水质变化分析.四川水力发电,2009,28(5):82-87.
[8]邓中粦,蔡明艳,陈景星.五强溪水利工程对沅江鱼类资源的影响.淡水渔业,1992,4:12-16.
[9]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册.北京:中国农业出版社,1991:242-298.
[10]陈宜瑜.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(中卷).北京:科学出版社,1998:1-531.
[11]乐佩琦.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(下卷).北京:科学出版社,2000:1-661.
[12]褚新洛,郑葆珊,戴定远等.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲇形目.北京:科学出版社,1999:1-200.
[13]朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1995:1-549.
[14]陈小华,李小平,程曦.黄浦江和苏州河上游鱼类多样性组成的时空特征.生物多样性,2008,16(2):191-196.
[15]茹辉军,刘学勤,黄向荣等.大型通江湖泊洞庭湖的鱼类物种多样性及其时空变化.湖泊科学,2008,20(1):93-99.DOI 10.18307/2008.0114.
[16]湖北省水生生物研究所鱼类研究室.长江鱼类.北京:科学出版社,1976.
[17]胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰.鄱阳湖湖口水域鱼类群落结构及种类多样性.湖泊科学,2011,23(2):246-250.DOI10.18307/2011.0213.
[18]叶富良,张健东.鱼类生态学.广州:广东高等教育出版社,2002:56-57.
[19]茹辉军,王海军,赵伟华等.黄河干流鱼类群落特征及其历史变化.生物多样性,2010,18(2):179-186.
[20]李捷,李新辉,谭细畅等.广东肇庆西江珍稀鱼类省级自然保护区鱼类多样性.湖泊科学,2008,20(1):93-99.DOI 10.18307/2009.0415.
[21]Perera HA,Li ZJ,Silva SS et al.Effect of the distance from the dam on river fish community structure and compositional trends,with reference to the Three Gorges Dam,Yangtze River,China.Acta Hydrobiologicca Sinica,2014,38(3):438-445.
[22]刘春池,高欣,林鹏程等.葛洲坝水库鱼类群落结构特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(7):843-849.
[23]Marchetti MP,Moyle PB.Effects of flow regime on fish assemblages in a regulated California stream.Ecological Applications,2001,11(2):530-539.
[24]林鹏程,高欣,刘春池等.葛洲坝上下游江段鱼类时空分布特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(9):1047-1053.