高寒区不同农艺措施对燕麦人工草地各生育期土壤碳氮储量与碳氮比的影响
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摘要
为研究燕麦(Avena sativa L.)品种、施肥和箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)混播比例对燕麦人工草地土壤碳、氮储量及碳氮比的影响,为青藏高原高寒地区燕麦人工草地固碳、固氮能力研究和生态评价提供理论依据,本试验采用三因素四水平正交试验设计[L_(16)(4~5)]研究了不同生育期土壤碳、氮储量和碳氮比变化特征。结果表明,随着生育期的推进,0～50cm和0～30cm土层土壤碳、氮储量均呈"先增后降"的变化规律,抽穗期最高;30～50cm土层呈持续增加的变化规律,乳熟期最高;牧草收获后一个月的土壤碳、氮储量均显著高于牧草生长季。施肥对0～50cm土层碳氮比(C/N)的影响显著。各土层平均C/N分别以青海甜燕麦、施有机肥和燕麦单播下最高。0～50cm土层C/N在抽穗期和乳熟期最高,分别为15.46和15.49;各土层C/N随土层的加深呈"先增后降"变化,以20～30cm土层的C/N最高,达19.14。
We investigated the effects of different agronomy treatments on the oat cultivation grassland soil carbon and nitrogen stock dynamic and the carbon/nitrogen ratio,to provide a theoretical basis for the study of carbon and nitrogen stock and ecological evaluation of oat cultivation grassland in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.We carried out orthogonality test[L_(16)(4~5)]to analyse the carbon and nitrogen stock dynamic and C/N ratio among the growth period of different soil layers.As the results shown,both of the carbon and nitrogen stock at the 0～50 cm and 0～30 cm soil layers increased and decreased during the growth period and got the peak value at the heading period;the carbon and nitrogen stock in the 30～50 cm increased during the growth period and got the peak value at milk period.After the harvest,the soil carbon and nitrogen stock were higher than the growth period.Fertilizer played the main role in the carbon and nitrogen stock compared with the other agronomy measures.The C/N ratio was higher under the A.sativacv.Qinghai,organic fertilizer addition and monoculture oat.The C/N ratio of0～50 cm soil layer increased beginning,and decreased at the middle growth period,and increased under of the growth period,got the peak value at the heading and milk period(15.46 and 15.49,respectively).The C/N ratio increased in the surface soil layer but decreased at the deep soil layers,got the peak value at 20～30 cm soil layer(19.14).
We investigated the effects of different agronomy treatments on the oat cultivation grassland soil carbon and nitrogen stock dynamic and the carbon/nitrogen ratio,to provide a theoretical basis for the study of carbon and nitrogen stock and ecological evaluation of oat cultivation grassland in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.We carried out orthogonality test[L_(16)(4~5)]to analyse the carbon and nitrogen stock dynamic and C/N ratio among the growth period of different soil layers.As the results shown,both of the carbon and nitrogen stock at the 0～50 cm and 0～30 cm soil layers increased and decreased during the growth period and got the peak value at the heading period;the carbon and nitrogen stock in the 30～50 cm increased during the growth period and got the peak value at milk period.After the harvest,the soil carbon and nitrogen stock were higher than the growth period.Fertilizer played the main role in the carbon and nitrogen stock compared with the other agronomy measures.The C/N ratio was higher under the A.sativacv.Qinghai,organic fertilizer addition and monoculture oat.The C/N ratio of0～50 cm soil layer increased beginning,and decreased at the middle growth period,and increased under of the growth period,got the peak value at the heading and milk period(15.46 and 15.49,respectively).The C/N ratio increased in the surface soil layer but decreased at the deep soil layers,got the peak value at 20～30 cm soil layer(19.14).
引文
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[29]杨晶,沈禹颖,南志标,等.保护性耕作对黄土高原玉米-小麦-大豆轮作系统产量及表层土壤碳管理指数的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):75-82
[30]王伯仁,李冬初,蔡泽江,等.长期不同施肥对红壤碳氮储量的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(4):808-811
[31]孔毅明.施肥措施对稻田土壤碳、氮积累的影响[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012:28-29
[32]青烨,孙飞达,李勇,等.若尔盖高寒退化湿地土壤碳氮磷比及相关性分析[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):38-47
[33]张丽敏,何腾兵,徐明岗,等.保护性耕作下南方旱地土壤碳氮储量变化[J].土壤与作物,2013,2(3):112-116
[2]Batjes N H.Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(1):2-3
[3]董云中,王永亮,张建杰,等.晋西北黄土高原丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳氮储量[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):955-960
[4]王思楚,刘茹,王志强,等.东北典型黑土区表层土壤有机碳储量及适宜样本容量[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):221-226
[5]Fang Y T,Yoh M,Mo J M,et al.Response of nitrogen leaching to nitrogen deposition in disturbed and mature forests of southern China[J].Pedosphere,2009,19(1):111-120
[6]Leip A,Marchi G,Koeble R,et al.Linking an economic model for European agriculture with a mechanistic model to estimate nitrogen and carbon losses from arable soils in Europe[J].Biogeosciences,2008,5(32):73-94
[7]Post W M,Pastor J,Zinke P J,et al.Global patterns of soil nitrogen storage[J].Nature,1985,317:613-616
[8]张春华,王宗明,任春颖,宋开山,张柏,刘殿伟.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮储量的空间特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):631-639
[9]IPCC.Climate change 2007:the physical science basis[R].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007:13-22
[10]Soussana J F,Loiseau P,Vuichard N,et al.Carbon cycling and sequestration opportunities intemperate grasslands[J].Soil Use and Management,2004,20(2):219-230
[11]Conant R T,Paustian K,Elliott E T.Grassland management and conversion into grassland:effects on soil carbon[J].Ecological Applications,2001,11(2):343-355
[12]Follett R F,Reed D A.Soil carbon sequestration in grazing lands:societal benefits and policy implications[J].Rangeland Ecology Manage,2010,63(1):4-15
[13]He N P,Zhang Y H,Yu Q,et al.Grazing intensity impacts soil carbon and nitrogen storage of continental steppe[J].Ecosphere,2011,2(1):1-10
[14]梁国玲,刘文辉,贾志锋,等.饲用皮燕麦种间杂交育种研究初报[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2016,46(6):24-29
[15]梁国玲,周青平,刘文辉,等.燕麦I-D品系及其亲本的染色体核型分析[J].草地学报,2016,24(5):1026-1031
[16]刘文辉.播期对三种裸燕麦品种生长特性的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(5):1032-1040
[17]刘文辉.高寒地区播期对三种裸燕麦品种灌浆特性影响的研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):143-153
[18]刘文辉,周青平,贾志锋,等.施钾对青引1号燕麦草产量及根系的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):419-424
[19]崔莹.燕麦和箭筈豌豆混播对人工草地生产性能及土壤性质的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014:1-8
[20]田福平,时永杰,周玉雷,等.燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同混播比例对生物量的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(20):29-32
[21]周青平,颜红波,梁国玲,等.不同燕麦品种饲草和籽粒生产性能分析[J].草业学报,2015,24(10):120-130
[22]余欣超,姚步青,周华坤,等.青藏高原两种高寒草甸地下生物量及其碳分配对长期增温的响应差异[J].科学通报,2015,60(4):379-388
[23]李林森,程淑兰,方华军,等.氮素富集对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤有机碳迁移和累积过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):183-193
[24]王国兵.北亚热带次生栎林与火炬松人工林土壤碳动态研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2008:2-4
[25]洪瑜.湘中丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤的碳氮含量及质量评价[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2007:62-65
[26]吴金水,郭胜利,党廷辉.半干旱区农田土壤无机氮积累与迁移机理[J].生态学报,2003,23(10):2041-2049
[27]Ellert B H,Bettany J R.Calculation of organic matter and nutrients stored in soils under contrasting management regimes[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1995,75(4):529-538
[28]梁启新,康轩,黄景,等.保护性耕作方式对土壤碳、氮及氮素矿化菌的影响研究[J].广西农业科学,2010,41(1):47-51
[29]杨晶,沈禹颖,南志标,等.保护性耕作对黄土高原玉米-小麦-大豆轮作系统产量及表层土壤碳管理指数的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):75-82
[30]王伯仁,李冬初,蔡泽江,等.长期不同施肥对红壤碳氮储量的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(4):808-811
[31]孔毅明.施肥措施对稻田土壤碳、氮积累的影响[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012:28-29
[32]青烨,孙飞达,李勇,等.若尔盖高寒退化湿地土壤碳氮磷比及相关性分析[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):38-47
[33]张丽敏,何腾兵,徐明岗,等.保护性耕作下南方旱地土壤碳氮储量变化[J].土壤与作物,2013,2(3):112-116