创业导向与探索式创新的关系:一个双中介效应模型
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摘要
创业导向对探索式创新的影响决定创业企业在不确定商业生态环境中的市场机会捕捉能力和价值创造效果。虽然已有研究部分证实了创业导向与探索式创新的相互作用,但面对创业企业生存环境不确定性更高、资源约束更明显的事实,创业企业如何借助合理的战略决策和高效的资源使用行为帮助自身实现由生存到发展的过渡显得尤为重要,鲜有研究对此类问题予以深入探讨。基于战略创业理论、创新管理理论和资源基础观理论,以创业导向为解释变量,以探索式创新为被解释变量,引入战略灵活性和创业拼凑两个可能影响导向与产出关系的关键要素,探讨创业导向对探索式创新的直接影响,以及战略灵活性和创业拼凑可能起到的特殊中介作用。借鉴并改进已有研究的成熟量表形成问卷,选取深圳的创业企业为调研对象,以电子邮件的形式发放问卷,基于最终获得的283份有效问卷,采用结构方程和双中介模型的研究方法,全面检验创业导向、战略灵活性、创业拼凑与探索式创新之间的关系。研究结果表明,创业导向、战略灵活性和创业拼凑均对探索式创新产生促进作用;创业导向与战略灵活性呈显著的正相关关系,也对创业拼凑产生积极影响;战略灵活性与创业拼凑呈显著的正相关关系。创业拼凑在创业导向与探索式创新之间和战略灵活性与探索式创新之间起部分中介作用。由战略灵活性和创业拼凑形成的中介链部分中介了创业导向与探索式创新之间的关系。研究结论从导向-策略-行为-产出的研究框架拓展了战略创业理论的研究内容,揭示了创业导向、战略灵活性、创业拼凑与探索式创新之间的关系机理,为创业企业理解战略灵活性和创业拼凑的影响、充分实践和发挥创业导向的创新精神、促进探索式创新活动的持续开展提供了重要的理论依据和经验证据。
The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on exploratory innovation has determined the effect of market value creation as well as opportunity capture in entrepreneurial firms under the context of uncertain business eco-environment. Although existing literature has partly proved the interaction relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and exploratory innovation,when facing the fact that environment where entrepreneurial firms exist is with much higher uncertainty,and that resource limitation tends to be much more obvious,it turns out to be essential to help entrepreneurial firms implement the process from subsistence to development by applying appropriate strategic decision and effective resource-utilizing behavior. However,rare literature has focused on this kind of issue and delivered in-depth discussion on this very topic,which leaves us with necessity to carry out further research.Based on strategic entrepreneurship theory,innovation management theory and resource-based view theory,this research makes entrepreneurial orientation as the independent variable and exploratory innovation as dependent variable,introducing two key factors that might influence the orientation-output relationship,which are strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage,to discuss the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on exploratory innovation,as well as the special mediating effect that both strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage might have. We have improved the existing scale in previous literature,and selected entrepreneurial firms in Shenzhen to take the investigation via on-line email. Based on 283 valid questionnaires,we used structural equation model and multiple mediating model to test the relationship among entrepreneurial orientation,exploratory innovation,strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage.Results have shown that,entrepreneurial orientation,strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage all have positive effect on exploratory innovation; entrepreneurial orientation is significantly positive relevant to strategic flexibility,as well as to entrepreneurial bricolage; strategic flexibility is also significantly positive relevant to entrepreneurial bricolage,which is revealed to be a partial mediator between entrepreneurial orientation and exploratory innovation,and also a partial mediator between strategic flexibility and exploratory innovation. The mediating chain formed by strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage has partly mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and exploratory innovation.This research result has expanded the research content in strategic entrepreneurship theory from the research framework of orientation-strategies-behavior-output,uncovering the relationship mechanism among entrepreneurial orientation,exploratory innovation,strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage. Meanwhile,this research also provides important theoretical reference and empirical proof to star-ups in interpreting the impact of strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage,sufficiently practicing and developing entrepreneurship of entrepreneurial orientation,and promoting the sustainable development of exploratory innovation activities.
The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on exploratory innovation has determined the effect of market value creation as well as opportunity capture in entrepreneurial firms under the context of uncertain business eco-environment. Although existing literature has partly proved the interaction relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and exploratory innovation,when facing the fact that environment where entrepreneurial firms exist is with much higher uncertainty,and that resource limitation tends to be much more obvious,it turns out to be essential to help entrepreneurial firms implement the process from subsistence to development by applying appropriate strategic decision and effective resource-utilizing behavior. However,rare literature has focused on this kind of issue and delivered in-depth discussion on this very topic,which leaves us with necessity to carry out further research.Based on strategic entrepreneurship theory,innovation management theory and resource-based view theory,this research makes entrepreneurial orientation as the independent variable and exploratory innovation as dependent variable,introducing two key factors that might influence the orientation-output relationship,which are strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage,to discuss the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on exploratory innovation,as well as the special mediating effect that both strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage might have. We have improved the existing scale in previous literature,and selected entrepreneurial firms in Shenzhen to take the investigation via on-line email. Based on 283 valid questionnaires,we used structural equation model and multiple mediating model to test the relationship among entrepreneurial orientation,exploratory innovation,strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage.Results have shown that,entrepreneurial orientation,strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage all have positive effect on exploratory innovation; entrepreneurial orientation is significantly positive relevant to strategic flexibility,as well as to entrepreneurial bricolage; strategic flexibility is also significantly positive relevant to entrepreneurial bricolage,which is revealed to be a partial mediator between entrepreneurial orientation and exploratory innovation,and also a partial mediator between strategic flexibility and exploratory innovation. The mediating chain formed by strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage has partly mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and exploratory innovation.This research result has expanded the research content in strategic entrepreneurship theory from the research framework of orientation-strategies-behavior-output,uncovering the relationship mechanism among entrepreneurial orientation,exploratory innovation,strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage. Meanwhile,this research also provides important theoretical reference and empirical proof to star-ups in interpreting the impact of strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial bricolage,sufficiently practicing and developing entrepreneurship of entrepreneurial orientation,and promoting the sustainable development of exploratory innovation activities.
引文
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