采油作业应用井筒完整性标准
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摘要
介绍了在采油与注水、抽油等作业中与井筒完整性及井筒屏障有关的要求与标准。采油作业在油藏和井筒整个生命周期中的作业时间很长,它起始于钻井、完井、测试作业之后,结束于油井修井、关停或报废之时。采油作业在油藏全生命周期中的地位及其与相互衔接的有关作业的连贯性特点突出。采油作业特别需要使用和发挥井筒完整性理念,精心设计和使用井筒屏障。使用井筒屏障组件和附加要求、标准建立各种结构的井筒屏障以确保在安全状态下进行采油作业,意义重大。有入流源和油气层的油气井应该用2道或更多道独立的井筒机械屏障。给出了6个典型的采油作业井筒屏障图解来说明井筒屏障的功能和结构组件及其使用标准,介绍了采油作业中的井控作业程序、井筒交接业务及其有关文件,陈述了采油作业中的监管监测和测试工作,并阐述了采油树和采油井口这2个屏障并附图。最后给出了采油树、采油封隔器、井下安全阀和油管挂及其密封塞4个井筒屏障组件验收表。
The requirements and standards pertaining to well integrity and well barrier during oil production, water injection, oil pumping and other operations were firstly introduced. The production operation lasts very long in the whole life cycle of oil reservoir and well. It starts after the well drilling, completion and testing are finished, and ends when the well is worked over, shut down or abandoned. The production operation plays an important role in the whole life cycle of oil reservoir, and presents the remarkable continuity with its concatenate operations. As for production operation, it is particularly necessary to make use of the concept of well integrity and design and utilize well barrier precisely. It is of great significance to establish well barriers with various structures by using the elements of well barrier and the additional requirements and standards to ensure the safety of production operation. The oil/gas wells with inflow source and oil/gas reservoir shall be equipped with at least two independent mechanical well barriers. Then, based on 6 typical graphs of well barrier for production operation, the function, elements and usage criteria of well barrier were illustrated. In addition, the well control procedures in production operation, the wellbore handover business and the related documents were introduced, and the monitoring and testing during production operation were described. Furthermore, two barriers(i.e., Christmas tree and production wellhead) were explained and their diagrams were presented. Finally, the acceptance forms of 4 well barrier elements were listed, including Christmas tree, production packer, downhole safety valve and tubing hanger.
The requirements and standards pertaining to well integrity and well barrier during oil production, water injection, oil pumping and other operations were firstly introduced. The production operation lasts very long in the whole life cycle of oil reservoir and well. It starts after the well drilling, completion and testing are finished, and ends when the well is worked over, shut down or abandoned. The production operation plays an important role in the whole life cycle of oil reservoir, and presents the remarkable continuity with its concatenate operations. As for production operation, it is particularly necessary to make use of the concept of well integrity and design and utilize well barrier precisely. It is of great significance to establish well barriers with various structures by using the elements of well barrier and the additional requirements and standards to ensure the safety of production operation. The oil/gas wells with inflow source and oil/gas reservoir shall be equipped with at least two independent mechanical well barriers. Then, based on 6 typical graphs of well barrier for production operation, the function, elements and usage criteria of well barrier were illustrated. In addition, the well control procedures in production operation, the wellbore handover business and the related documents were introduced, and the monitoring and testing during production operation were described. Furthermore, two barriers(i.e., Christmas tree and production wellhead) were explained and their diagrams were presented. Finally, the acceptance forms of 4 well barrier elements were listed, including Christmas tree, production packer, downhole safety valve and tubing hanger.
引文
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[14]张绍槐.完井作业应用井筒完整性标准[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):275-286.ZHANG Shaohuai.The welborel integrity standard applied in completion operation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(3):275-286.
[15]张绍槐.测试作业之井筒完整性标准[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(4):405-411.ZHANG Shaohuai.Well integrity criteria for testing operations[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(4):405-411.
[16]NORSOK Standard D-010:Well integrity in drilling and well operations[S].3rd Edition,2004-08.
[17]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.ZHANG Qi.Principle and design of petroleum engineering[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2006.
[18]张绍槐,罗平亚.保护储集层技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.ZHANG Shaohuai,LUO Pingya.Reservoir protection technologies[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[19]张绍槐.石油钻井完井文选[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2017.ZHANG Shaohuai.Oil well drilling and completion analecta[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2017.
[2]NORSOK Standard D-010:Well Integrity in drilling and well operations[S].4th Edition,2013-06.
[3]吕建中,郭晓霞,杨金华.深水油气勘探开发技术发展现状与趋势[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(1):13-18.LYU Jianzhong,GUO Xiaoxia,YANG Jinhua.Development status and trend of deepwater oil-gas exploration and development technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(1):13-18.
[4]挪威国家油田和天然气协会,挪威科学技术大学,斯塔凡格大学,编.井筒完整性导论[M].杨向同,邱金平,刘洪涛,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2016-11.Norway National Oil and Gas Association,Norwegian University of Science and Technology,University of Stavanger.An introduction to well integrity[M].Translated by YANG Xiangtong,QIU Jinping,LIUHongtao.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010-11.
[5]《中国油气田开发志》总编纂委员会.中国油气田开发志[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.General Compilation Committee of China’s Oil and Gas Field Development History.China’s Oil and Gas Field Development History[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[6]万仁溥.现代完井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.WAN Renpu.Modern well completion engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[7]张绍槐.井筒完整性的定义、功能、应用及进展[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(1):1-8,13.ZHANG Shaohuai.Definition,function,application and progress of wellbore integrity[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(1):1-8,13.
[8]Well Integrity-Part 2:Well integrity for the operational phase[S].Technical Specification,ISO/TS 16530-2,2013;OGJ Draft,11630-2,2012.
[9]史毅,张宇睿,程纯勇.国内外井筒完整性研究进展[J].内江科技,2014(5):118-119.SHI Yi,ZHANG Yurui,CHENG Chunyong.Domestic and foreign research progress of well integrity[J].Neijiang Science and Technology,2014(5):118-119.
[10]张绍槐.钻井作业应用井筒完整性标准[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(2):147-156.ZHANG Shaohuai.Standard on wellbore integrity in drilling operation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(2):147-156.
[11]JOE Anders P E.Implementing a well integrity management system[C].SPE Distinguished Lecturer Series,BP Exploration Inc,Alaska,March 17,2008.
[12]国家海洋局.蓬莱19-3油田溢油事故联合调查组关于事故调查处理报告[R].2017-02.State Oceanic Administration,People’s Republic of China.A report on investigating and treating the oil spill accident in Penglai 19-3 Oilfield by the joint investigation team[R].2017-02.
[13]中国石油天然气集团公司.高温高压及高含硫井井筒完整性系列标准[S].2017-02.China National Petroleum Corporation.Standards on well integrity of the wells with high pressure,high temperature and high sulfur content[S].2017-02.
[14]张绍槐.完井作业应用井筒完整性标准[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):275-286.ZHANG Shaohuai.The welborel integrity standard applied in completion operation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(3):275-286.
[15]张绍槐.测试作业之井筒完整性标准[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(4):405-411.ZHANG Shaohuai.Well integrity criteria for testing operations[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(4):405-411.
[16]NORSOK Standard D-010:Well integrity in drilling and well operations[S].3rd Edition,2004-08.
[17]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.ZHANG Qi.Principle and design of petroleum engineering[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2006.
[18]张绍槐,罗平亚.保护储集层技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.ZHANG Shaohuai,LUO Pingya.Reservoir protection technologies[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[19]张绍槐.石油钻井完井文选[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2017.ZHANG Shaohuai.Oil well drilling and completion analecta[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2017.