顶气边水窄油环油藏高效开发技术与实践
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摘要
对于顶气边水窄油环油藏开发,成熟的开发经验较少,高效开发难度很大。针对渤海海域JZ油田顶气边水窄油环油藏开发初期井网优选、开发中后期剩余油挖潜和气窜水锥后管理难度大的问题,以大气顶弱边水和小气顶强边水油藏为代表,开展了顶气边水油藏井网优选、油气水三相运移规律、剩余油挖潜策略、气窜水淹特征及稳油控水(控气)技术等方面研究。根据研究结果提出了水平井井网新模式,对于大气顶弱边水油藏,水平段垂向位置设计位于油柱高度的1/3处,对于小气顶强边水油藏,水平段垂向位置设计位于油柱高度的2/3处;大尺度三维物理模型及数值模拟表明,采油速度越大,油气界面及油水界面往生产井移动速度越大;结合水平井井间剩余油为"土豆状"分布的认识,提出了井间加密方案;结合工区内试采生产资料,利用油藏工程方法和数值模拟方法分别建立了见气诊断图版和见水诊断图版,有效指导了油田稳油控气(控水)措施实施。根据以上研究,JZ油田采用该系列技术开发10年,含水率控制在25.0%以内,气油比维持在700m~3/m~3以下,预计生产25年可提高采收率2.3个百分点。该研究对同类顶气边水窄油环油藏的开发具有一定的指导意义。
There is less mature experience on the development of oil rim with gas cap and edge water and its efficient development is very difficult. The narrow oil rim with gas cap and edge water in JZ Oilfield in the Bohai Sea area is faced with a series of problems during its development, e.g. well pattern optimization in the early stage of development, remaining oil potential tapping in the middle and late stages and high-difficulty management after gas channeling and water coning. To solve these problems, the well pattern optimization, oil-gas-water three-phase migration laws, remaining oil potential tapping strategies, gas channeling and water flooding characteristics and oil production stabilizing & water production controlling(gas production controlling) technologies of oil reservoir with gas cap and edge water were studied by taking the oil reservoir with large gas cap and weak edge water and that with small gas cap and strong edge water as the representatives. And according to the research results, a new model of horizontal well pattern was established. The horizontal well in the oil reservoir with large gas cap and weak edge water is vertically located at 2/3 of the vertical distance of the gas-oil contact; and that in the oil reservoir with small gas cap and strong edge water is vertically located at 1/3 of the vertical distance of the gas-oil contact. Large-scale 3 D physical model and numerical simulation show that the higher the oil production rate is, the faster the oil-gas contact and the oil-water contact move towards the production well. Then, based on the cognition that the remaining oil between horizontal wells is distributed in the shape of " potato", the interwell filling scheme was prepared. Based on the production test data of the working area, 3 gas breakthrough diagnosing charts and 2 water breakthrough diagnosing charts were set up by means of reservoir engineering method and numerical simulation method, and they play an effective role in guiding the implementation of oil production stabilizing & water production controlling(gas production controlling) measures.It is predicted from above mentioned studies that the recovery factor can be increased by 2.3% if JZ Oilfield is developed by using these technologies for 10 years with the water cut below 25.0% and gas/oil ratio below 700 m3/m3. The research results can be used as the reference for the development of similar narrow oil rims with gas cap and edge water.
There is less mature experience on the development of oil rim with gas cap and edge water and its efficient development is very difficult. The narrow oil rim with gas cap and edge water in JZ Oilfield in the Bohai Sea area is faced with a series of problems during its development, e.g. well pattern optimization in the early stage of development, remaining oil potential tapping in the middle and late stages and high-difficulty management after gas channeling and water coning. To solve these problems, the well pattern optimization, oil-gas-water three-phase migration laws, remaining oil potential tapping strategies, gas channeling and water flooding characteristics and oil production stabilizing & water production controlling(gas production controlling) technologies of oil reservoir with gas cap and edge water were studied by taking the oil reservoir with large gas cap and weak edge water and that with small gas cap and strong edge water as the representatives. And according to the research results, a new model of horizontal well pattern was established. The horizontal well in the oil reservoir with large gas cap and weak edge water is vertically located at 2/3 of the vertical distance of the gas-oil contact; and that in the oil reservoir with small gas cap and strong edge water is vertically located at 1/3 of the vertical distance of the gas-oil contact. Large-scale 3 D physical model and numerical simulation show that the higher the oil production rate is, the faster the oil-gas contact and the oil-water contact move towards the production well. Then, based on the cognition that the remaining oil between horizontal wells is distributed in the shape of " potato", the interwell filling scheme was prepared. Based on the production test data of the working area, 3 gas breakthrough diagnosing charts and 2 water breakthrough diagnosing charts were set up by means of reservoir engineering method and numerical simulation method, and they play an effective role in guiding the implementation of oil production stabilizing & water production controlling(gas production controlling) measures.It is predicted from above mentioned studies that the recovery factor can be increased by 2.3% if JZ Oilfield is developed by using these technologies for 10 years with the water cut below 25.0% and gas/oil ratio below 700 m3/m3. The research results can be used as the reference for the development of similar narrow oil rims with gas cap and edge water.
引文
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[6]童凯军,赵春明,张迎春,等.大气顶窄油环油藏屏障注水开发技术适应性研究——以渤海锦州25-1南油田Es3-I油藏为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):566-570.TONG Kaijun,ZHAO Chunming,ZHANG Yingchun,et al.Adaptability and development suggestion of barrier water flooding for reservoir with big gas cap and thin oilring[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):566-570.
[7]俞启泰,李文兴.水驱油田的稳产模式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1998,17(1):20-21,25.YU Qitai,LI Wenxing.Production stabilizing pattern for waterflooding reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,1998,17(1):20-21,25.
[8]程奇,文佳涛,孟智强,等.渤海JS油田气顶边水油藏气窜水淹规律探索[J].石油地质与工程,2017,31(3):84-86,90.CHENG Qi,WEN Jiatao,MENG Zhiqiang,et al.Gas channeling and water flooding regularities of oil reservoirs with gas cap and edge water in JS oilfield of Bohai Sea[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(3):84-86,90.
[9]程大勇.气顶边水断块油藏开采特征分析与开发方式优化[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2017,19(2):12-14.CHENG Dayong.Analysis and optimization on the development of fault block reservoir with gas cap edge water[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,19(2):12-14.
[10]房娜,刘宗宾,吕坐彬,等.大气顶油藏气窜规律与全寿命开发策略[J].特种油藏,2018,25(3):117-121.FANG Na,LIU Zongbin,LYU Zuobin,et al.Gas channeling pattern and full-life development strategy for oil reservoir with large gas-cap[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):117-121.
[11]曹海丽,张祥忠,陈礼.小油环大气顶油藏高效开发及稳产策略[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):97-101.CAO Haili,ZHANG Xiangzhong,CHEN Li.Efficient development and production maintenance measures of reservoir with little oilring and large gas-cap[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(3):97-101.
[12]刘美佳,陈存良,黄琴,等.注水开发气顶油藏水平井临界产量计算新方法[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):131-135.LIU Meijia,CHEN Cunliang,HUANG Qin,et al.New techniques for calculation of critical productivity in horizontal wells for development of gas-cap reservoirs through waterflooding[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):131-135.
[13]蒋明,赫恩杰,肖伟.气顶边水油藏开发策略研究与实践[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(5):68-71.JIANG Ming,HE Enjie,XIAO Wei.Study and practice of developing strategy on reservoirs with gas cap and edge water[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(5):68-71.
[14]廉培庆,李琳琳,程林松.气顶边水油藏剩余油分布模式及挖潜对策[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(3):101-103.LIAN Peiqing,LI Linlin,CHENG Linsong.The nodes of remaining oil and development strategies in gas cap and edge water reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(3):101-103.
[15]刘美佳,张建民,江聪,等.海上中轻质复杂断块油田连续稳产技术[J].石油化工应用,2017,36(11):16-19.LIU Meijia,ZHANG Jianmin,JIANG Cong,et al.Technologies of continuous stable production for offshore light complex fault block oilfield[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2017,36(11):16-19.
[16]房娜,刘宗宾,吕坐彬,等.大气顶油藏气窜规律与全寿命开发策略[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(3):117-121.FANG Na,LIU Zongbin,LYU Zuobin,et al.Gas channeling pattern and full-life development strategy for oil reservoir with large gas-cap[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):117-121.
[17]韩春林,秦菲,丁冉,等.下二门油田边水气顶油藏开发特征及调整对策[J].石油地质与工程,2014,28(5):60-62.HAN Chunlin,QIN Fei,DING Ran,et al.Development characteristics and adjustment measures of edge water and gas-cap reservoir in Xiaermen oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2014,28(5):60-62.
[18]申健,姚泽,潘岳,等.气顶边水油藏合理部署水平井数值模拟研究[J].石油地质与工程,2017,31(6):82-85.SHEN Jian,YAO Ze,PAN Yue,et al.Numerical simulation of rational deployment of horizontal wells in gas cap and edge water reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(6):82-85.
[19]廉培庆,程林松.气顶边水油藏水平井合理布井策略研究[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(25):6458-6461.LIAN Peiqing,CHENG Linsong.Study on horizontal well spacing pattern of gas cap and edge water reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(25):6458-6461.
[20]余忠,赵会杰,李卫京,等.正确选择气顶油藏高效开发模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):70-72.YU Zhong,ZHAO Huijie,LI Weijing,et al.Optimization of development scheme for gas-cap reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):70-72.
[21]鹿克峰.气顶油藏水侵预测与动用储量计算新方法[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):89-93.LU Kefeng.A new method for water invasion prediction and dynamic reserves calculation of gas cap reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):89-93.
[2]杨庆红,童凯军,张迎春,等.利用水平井开发大气顶窄油环油藏研究与实践[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(5):313-317.YANG Qinghong,TONG Kaijun,ZHANG Yingchun,et al.A study on horizontal-well development of reservoirs with big gas cap and narrow oil rim and its practice[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(5):313-317.
[3]张迎春,童凯军,葛丽珍,等.水平井开发大气顶弱边水油藏早期采油速度研究[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(5):106-110.ZHANG Yingchun,TONG Kaijun,GE Lizhen,et al.Early recovery rate of horizontal wells with big gas cap and weak edge water[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(5):106-110.
[4]张迎春,童凯军,郑浩,等.气顶边水油藏水平井开发效果影响因素分析[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(S1):57-61.ZHANG Yingchun,TONG Kaijun,ZHENG Hao,et al.An analysis of the factors to influence development of oil reservoirs with gas cap and edge water by horizontal wells[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(S1):57-61.
[5]潘玲黎,童凯军,聂玲玲,等.气顶油藏水平井开发油藏数值模拟研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2011,34(4):56-59.PAN Lingli,TONG Kaijun,NIE Lingling,et al.Numerical simulation for development of gas-cap oil reservoir by horizontal well[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2011,34(4):56-59.
[6]童凯军,赵春明,张迎春,等.大气顶窄油环油藏屏障注水开发技术适应性研究——以渤海锦州25-1南油田Es3-I油藏为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):566-570.TONG Kaijun,ZHAO Chunming,ZHANG Yingchun,et al.Adaptability and development suggestion of barrier water flooding for reservoir with big gas cap and thin oilring[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):566-570.
[7]俞启泰,李文兴.水驱油田的稳产模式[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1998,17(1):20-21,25.YU Qitai,LI Wenxing.Production stabilizing pattern for waterflooding reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,1998,17(1):20-21,25.
[8]程奇,文佳涛,孟智强,等.渤海JS油田气顶边水油藏气窜水淹规律探索[J].石油地质与工程,2017,31(3):84-86,90.CHENG Qi,WEN Jiatao,MENG Zhiqiang,et al.Gas channeling and water flooding regularities of oil reservoirs with gas cap and edge water in JS oilfield of Bohai Sea[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(3):84-86,90.
[9]程大勇.气顶边水断块油藏开采特征分析与开发方式优化[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2017,19(2):12-14.CHENG Dayong.Analysis and optimization on the development of fault block reservoir with gas cap edge water[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,19(2):12-14.
[10]房娜,刘宗宾,吕坐彬,等.大气顶油藏气窜规律与全寿命开发策略[J].特种油藏,2018,25(3):117-121.FANG Na,LIU Zongbin,LYU Zuobin,et al.Gas channeling pattern and full-life development strategy for oil reservoir with large gas-cap[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):117-121.
[11]曹海丽,张祥忠,陈礼.小油环大气顶油藏高效开发及稳产策略[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):97-101.CAO Haili,ZHANG Xiangzhong,CHEN Li.Efficient development and production maintenance measures of reservoir with little oilring and large gas-cap[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(3):97-101.
[12]刘美佳,陈存良,黄琴,等.注水开发气顶油藏水平井临界产量计算新方法[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):131-135.LIU Meijia,CHEN Cunliang,HUANG Qin,et al.New techniques for calculation of critical productivity in horizontal wells for development of gas-cap reservoirs through waterflooding[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):131-135.
[13]蒋明,赫恩杰,肖伟.气顶边水油藏开发策略研究与实践[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(5):68-71.JIANG Ming,HE Enjie,XIAO Wei.Study and practice of developing strategy on reservoirs with gas cap and edge water[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(5):68-71.
[14]廉培庆,李琳琳,程林松.气顶边水油藏剩余油分布模式及挖潜对策[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(3):101-103.LIAN Peiqing,LI Linlin,CHENG Linsong.The nodes of remaining oil and development strategies in gas cap and edge water reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(3):101-103.
[15]刘美佳,张建民,江聪,等.海上中轻质复杂断块油田连续稳产技术[J].石油化工应用,2017,36(11):16-19.LIU Meijia,ZHANG Jianmin,JIANG Cong,et al.Technologies of continuous stable production for offshore light complex fault block oilfield[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2017,36(11):16-19.
[16]房娜,刘宗宾,吕坐彬,等.大气顶油藏气窜规律与全寿命开发策略[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(3):117-121.FANG Na,LIU Zongbin,LYU Zuobin,et al.Gas channeling pattern and full-life development strategy for oil reservoir with large gas-cap[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):117-121.
[17]韩春林,秦菲,丁冉,等.下二门油田边水气顶油藏开发特征及调整对策[J].石油地质与工程,2014,28(5):60-62.HAN Chunlin,QIN Fei,DING Ran,et al.Development characteristics and adjustment measures of edge water and gas-cap reservoir in Xiaermen oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2014,28(5):60-62.
[18]申健,姚泽,潘岳,等.气顶边水油藏合理部署水平井数值模拟研究[J].石油地质与工程,2017,31(6):82-85.SHEN Jian,YAO Ze,PAN Yue,et al.Numerical simulation of rational deployment of horizontal wells in gas cap and edge water reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(6):82-85.
[19]廉培庆,程林松.气顶边水油藏水平井合理布井策略研究[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(25):6458-6461.LIAN Peiqing,CHENG Linsong.Study on horizontal well spacing pattern of gas cap and edge water reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(25):6458-6461.
[20]余忠,赵会杰,李卫京,等.正确选择气顶油藏高效开发模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):70-72.YU Zhong,ZHAO Huijie,LI Weijing,et al.Optimization of development scheme for gas-cap reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):70-72.
[21]鹿克峰.气顶油藏水侵预测与动用储量计算新方法[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):89-93.LU Kefeng.A new method for water invasion prediction and dynamic reserves calculation of gas cap reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):89-93.