基于多重分形的半干旱区农田表层土壤粒径分布特征研究
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摘要
为探明农田因管理方式不同而导致的土壤粒径分布(PSD)差异,在阴山北麓农牧交错区选择典型莜麦留茬地、翻耕耙平地、翻耕不耙平地进行了研究。试验选择表层0~10 cm土壤为研究对象,运用多重分形理论分析探讨不同管理方式下土壤颗粒的分布特征及差异。研究结果表明:不同管理方式下研究区土壤颗粒组成中黏粒含量均极低,翻耕不耙平地和莜麦留茬地以粉粒和细砂为主,翻耕耙平地以粉粒和极细砂为主;广义维数谱D(q)为反"S"型递减函数,且D_0>D_1>D_2,多重分形谱f(q)为左勾状单峰曲线,?α值在2.405~2.596,非均一性高,可用多重分形来表征土壤PSD特征;多重分形参数D_1、D_2同黏粒含量呈显著正相关关系,D_0/D_1与粉粒呈显著正相关关系,与砂粒成负相关关系,?f反之;管理方式对土壤PSD及多重分形参数D_0、?α、?f有显著影响(P<0.05),对D_1、D_1/D_0、D_2、α0影响不显著。根据试验结果,建议当地农田在生产后进行留茬或秸秆覆盖处理,结合当地主风向选择适宜翻耕方式。
0–10 cm topsoils of the typical stubble field of hulless oat(SH), the ploughing and raking field(PR) and the ploughing field without raking(P) in the agro-pastoral transition zone of the north foot of Yinshan Mountain were taken as the targets, the characteristics and differences in soil particle size distributions(PSDs) under the three management patterns were analyzed by adopting the multifractal theory. The results showed that clay content is extremely low under all kinds of management patterns, P and SH patterns are dominated by silts and fine sands, while PR dominated by silts and very fine sands. The general dimension spectrum D(q) is the inverse S-shape decreasing function, and D_0>D_1>D_2; the multifractal spectrum f(q) is a unimodal curve like left hook-shape, with Δαvalues ranged in 2.405-2.596, indicating a high degree of homogeneity, therefore multifractality could be used to describe the characteristics of PSD. D_1 and D_2, the multifractal parameters, are significantly positively correlated with clay content, D_0/D_1 is significantly positively correlated with silt content and negatively correlated with fine sand content, while ?f is on the contrary. Management pattern has significant effects on PSD and D_0, ?α and ?f(P<0.05), but has insignificant effect on D_1, D_1/D_0, D_2 and α0. According to these results, it is suggest that the stubble should be left in farmland or be used to cover the farmland, and appropriate plough style should be chosen according to the local prevailing wind direction.
0–10 cm topsoils of the typical stubble field of hulless oat(SH), the ploughing and raking field(PR) and the ploughing field without raking(P) in the agro-pastoral transition zone of the north foot of Yinshan Mountain were taken as the targets, the characteristics and differences in soil particle size distributions(PSDs) under the three management patterns were analyzed by adopting the multifractal theory. The results showed that clay content is extremely low under all kinds of management patterns, P and SH patterns are dominated by silts and fine sands, while PR dominated by silts and very fine sands. The general dimension spectrum D(q) is the inverse S-shape decreasing function, and D_0>D_1>D_2; the multifractal spectrum f(q) is a unimodal curve like left hook-shape, with Δαvalues ranged in 2.405-2.596, indicating a high degree of homogeneity, therefore multifractality could be used to describe the characteristics of PSD. D_1 and D_2, the multifractal parameters, are significantly positively correlated with clay content, D_0/D_1 is significantly positively correlated with silt content and negatively correlated with fine sand content, while ?f is on the contrary. Management pattern has significant effects on PSD and D_0, ?α and ?f(P<0.05), but has insignificant effect on D_1, D_1/D_0, D_2 and α0. According to these results, it is suggest that the stubble should be left in farmland or be used to cover the farmland, and appropriate plough style should be chosen according to the local prevailing wind direction.
引文
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[26]王仁德,邹学勇,赵婧妍.北京市农田风蚀的野外观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):400–406
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[29]董莉丽,郑粉莉.陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤粒径分布分形特征[J].土壤,2010,42(2):302–308
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[2]郄亚栋,杨建军,孙华斌,等.不同管理模式下干旱草地粒度特征[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1243–b1253
[3]Nadue E,Ventoe J D,Martinez M M,et al.Exploring particle size distribution and organic carbon pools mobilized by different erosion processes at the catchment scale[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(4):667–678
[4]王国梁,周生路,赵其国.土壤颗粒的体积分形维数及其在土地利用中的应用[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):545–550
[5]王德,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤粒径分形分析——以黄土丘陵沟壑区为例[J].生态学报,2007,27(7):3081–3089
[6]Sun C,Liu G,Xue S.Natural succession of grassland on the Loess Plateau of China affects multifractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution and soil nutrients[J].Ecological Research,2016,31(6):1–12
[7]党亚爱,李世清,王国栋,等.黄土高原典型土壤剖而土壤颗粒组成分形特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):74–78
[8]Chen X Y,Zhou J.Volume-based soil particle fractal relation with soil erodibility in a small watershed of purple soil[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,70(4):1735–1746
[9]毛东雷,蔡富艳,方登先,等.新疆策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带风沙运动沙尘物质粒径分形特征[J].土壤学报,2018,55(1):88–99
[10]管清玉,桂洪杰,潘保田,等.黄河宁蒙河段沙样粒度与分形维数特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(1):1–6
[11]代豫杰,李锦荣,郭建英,等.乌兰布和沙漠不同灌丛土壤颗粒多重分形特征及其与有机碳分布的关系[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(7):1069–1078
[12]伏耀龙,张兴昌,王金贵.岷江上游干旱河谷土壤粒径分布分形维数特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):120–125
[13]Tyler S W,Wheatcraft S W.Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions:Analysis and limitations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(2):362–369
[14]Brady N C.The Nature and Properties of Soils[M].New York:Macmillan Publishing Co.,1990
[15]Fryrcar D W.Soil ridges clods and wind erosion[J].Transactions of the ASAE(American Society of Agricultural Enginccrs),1984,27(2):445–448
[16]许艳,张仁陟.陇中黄土高原不同耕作措施下土壤磷动态研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(3):670–681
[17]周炜星,吴韬,于遵宏.多重分形奇异谱的几何特性II.配分函数法[J].华东理工大学学报,2000,26(4):390–395
[18]Caniego F J,Espejo R E,Marti N M A,et al.Multifractal scaling of soil spatial variability[J].Ecological Modeling,2005,182(3/4):291–303
[19]Hu H C,Tian F Q,Hu H P.Soil particle size distribution and its relationship with soil water and salt under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang of China[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2011,54(6):1568–1574
[20]孙梅,孙楠,黄运湘,等.长期不同施肥红壤粒径分布的多重分形特征[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(11):2173–2181
[21]Paz Ferreiro J,Vidal Vazquez E.Multifractal analysis of Hg pore size distributions in soils with contrasting structural stability[J].Geoderma,2010,160(1):64–73
[22]管孝艳,杨培岭,吕烨.基于多重分形的土壤粒径分布与土壤物理特性关系[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(3):44–50
[23]Posadas A N D,Gimenez D,Bitelli M,et al.Multifractal characterization of soil particle-size distributions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2001,65(5):1361–1367
[24]丁敏,庞奖励,刘云霞,等.黄土高原不同土地利用方式下土壤颗粒体积分形特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(11):161–165
[25]臧英,高焕文,周建忠.保护性耕作对农田土壤风蚀影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(2):56–60
[26]王仁德,邹学勇,赵婧妍.北京市农田风蚀的野外观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):400–406
[27]茹豪,张建军,李玉婷,等.黄土高原土壤粒径分形特征及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):176–182
[28]Paz-Ferreiro J,Vazquez E V,Miranda J G V.Assessing soil particle-size distribution on experimental plots with similar texture under different management systems using multifractal parameters[J].Geoderma,2010,160(1):47–56
[29]董莉丽,郑粉莉.陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤粒径分布分形特征[J].土壤,2010,42(2):302–308
[30]白一茹,汪有科.黄土丘陵区土壤粒径分布单重分形和多重分形特征[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(5):43–48,42