同步硝化反硝化耦合除磷工艺的快速启动及其运行特征
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摘要
以低COD/N生活污水(C/N为3∶1~4∶1)为进水基质,在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中接种好氧颗粒污泥(AGS),通过逐步降低溶解氧(DO)浓度的方式快速实现同步硝化反硝化耦合除磷.反应器运行20 d后(DO浓度为0.50~1.0mg·L-1),系统出现同步硝化反硝化耦合除磷的现象.在随后运行的40 d里,反应器对废水COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为84.84%、93.51%、77.06%和85.69%;出水NO-3-N和NO-2-N平均浓度分别为4.01 mg·L-1和3.17 mg·L-1.反应器启动运行后期,污泥体积指数(SVI)为55.22 m L·g-1,沉降性能良好,颗粒结构较完整.不同氮源的周期曝气阶段结果表明,对TN的去除率为NH+4-N>NO-2-N>NO-3-N;对TP的去除率为NO-3-N>NO-2-N>NH+4-N,反应器主要以同步硝化反硝化脱氮和反硝化方式除磷.
In this study,simultaneous nitrification and denitrification( SND) coupled Phosphorus removal process through gradually decreasing DO concentration was investigated by treating wastewater with a low COD / TN ratio( C / N = 3∶ 1-4∶ 1) in a sequencing batch reactor( SBR) inoculated with aerobic granular sludge( AGS). Successful SND coupled Phosphorus phenomenon occurred after 20 d at the DO concentration of 0. 50-1. 0 mg·L- 1. In the following 40 days,the average removal rates of COD,NH+4-N,TN and TP were84. 84%,93. 51%,77. 06% and 85. 69%,and the NO-3-N and NO-2-N average accumulations in the effluent were only 4. 01 mg·L- 1and 3. 17 mg·L- 1,respectively. The AGS had complete forms and good settling performances,and the sludge volume index( SVI)was about 55. 22 m L·g- 1at the end of starting-up stage. The results of different nitrogen sources showed that the removal rate of TN was in the order of NH+4-N > NO-2-N > NO-3-N,and the removal rate of TP was in the order of NO-3-N > NO-2-N > NH+4-N. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater were mainly realized by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal,respectively.
In this study,simultaneous nitrification and denitrification( SND) coupled Phosphorus removal process through gradually decreasing DO concentration was investigated by treating wastewater with a low COD / TN ratio( C / N = 3∶ 1-4∶ 1) in a sequencing batch reactor( SBR) inoculated with aerobic granular sludge( AGS). Successful SND coupled Phosphorus phenomenon occurred after 20 d at the DO concentration of 0. 50-1. 0 mg·L- 1. In the following 40 days,the average removal rates of COD,NH+4-N,TN and TP were84. 84%,93. 51%,77. 06% and 85. 69%,and the NO-3-N and NO-2-N average accumulations in the effluent were only 4. 01 mg·L- 1and 3. 17 mg·L- 1,respectively. The AGS had complete forms and good settling performances,and the sludge volume index( SVI)was about 55. 22 m L·g- 1at the end of starting-up stage. The results of different nitrogen sources showed that the removal rate of TN was in the order of NH+4-N > NO-2-N > NO-3-N,and the removal rate of TP was in the order of NO-3-N > NO-2-N > NH+4-N. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater were mainly realized by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal,respectively.
引文
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[2]Baek S H,Kim H J.Mathematical model for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)in membrane bioreactor(MBR)under Low Dissolved Oxygen(DO)concentrations[J].Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering,2013,18(1):104-110.
[3]邓时海,李德生,卢阳阳,等.集成模块系统同步硝化反硝化处理低碳氮比污水的试验[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2259-2265.
[4]Zeng W,Zhang Y,Li L,et al.Simultaneous nitritation and denitritation of domestic wastewater without addition of external carbon sources at limited aeration and normal temperatures[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2010,21(13):210-219.
[5]高大文,彭永臻,王淑莹.交替好氧/缺氧短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮Ⅰ.方法实现与控制[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):761-768.
[6]梁小玲,李平,吴锦华,等.短程同步硝化反硝化过程的脱氮与N2O释放特性[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1845-1850.
[7]Villaverde S,Fdz-Polanco F,Garcia P A.Nitrifying biofilm acclimation to free ammonia in submerged biofilters.Start-up influence[J].Water Research,2000,34(2):602-610.
[8]赵志瑞,马斌,张树军,等.高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1448-1456.
[9]Bai Y H,Sun Q H,Sun R H,et al.Bioaugmentation and adsorption treatment of coking wastewater containing pyridine and quinoline using zeolite-biological aerated filters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(5):1940-1948.
[10]张可方,方茜,曹勇锋.温度和溶解氧对短程同步硝化反硝化脱氮效果的影响[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,10(1):81-84.
[11]马娟,彭永臻,王丽,等.温度对反硝化过程的影响以及p H值变化规律[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(11):1004-1008.
[12]尚会来,彭永臻,张精蓉,等.温度对短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):516-520.
[13]吴迪,李冬,刘丽倩,等.SBR亚硝化处理城市生活污水二级出水及其稳定性[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(11):6-10.
[14]赵卫兵,陈天虎,张强,等.溶解氧对Biolak型A2O工艺脱氮除磷性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(11):2754-2758.
[15]李泽兵,李军,李妍,等.短程硝化反硝化技术研究进展[J].给水排水,2011,37(9):163-168.
[16]Mohammed R N,Abu-Alhail S,Wu L X.Intercross real-time control strategy in a novel phased isolation tank step feed process for treating low C/N real wastewater under ambient temperature[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2014,31(10):1798-1809.
[17]谭冲,刘颖杰,王薇,等.碳氮比对聚氨酯生物膜反应器短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3807-3813.
[18]刘文如,丁玲玲,王建芳,等.低C/N比条件下亚硝化颗粒污泥的培养及成因分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(8):2226-2233.
[19]罗思音.DO对短程同步硝化反硝化除磷工艺的影响[J].水科学与工程技术,2011,(5):18-20.
[20]张立秋,韦朝海,张方可,等.常温下SBBR反应器中短程同步硝化反硝化的实现[J].工业用水与废水,2008,39(4):1-5.
[21]Wei D W,Du B,Xue X D,et al.Analysis of factors affecting the performance of partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(4):1863-1870.
[22]汪传新,龚灵潇,彭永臻.低温下MBBR处理低碳氮质量比生活污水的同步硝化反硝化特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(8):2920-2927.
[23]张肖静,李冬,梁瑜海,等.MBR-CANON工艺处理生活污水的快速启动及群落变化[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(4):25-30.
[24]赵庆良,李江雯,魏亮亮,等.混凝滤布过滤-缺氧滤池/生物滴滤工艺处理生活污水[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(8):21-26.
[25]Yan L L,Liu Y,Ren Y,et al.Analysis of the characteristics of short-cut nitrifying granular sludge and pollutant removal processes in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,2014,37(2):125-132.
[26]姚力,信欣,周迎芹,等.好氧反硝化菌强化序批式活性污泥反应器处理生活污水[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(3):73-77,81.
[27]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.258-280.
[28]陈益明.SBR反应器实现半亚硝化的启动策略[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2013,52(2):232-236.
[29]张小玲,王志盈.低溶解氧下SBR内短程硝化影响因素试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(1):163-166.
[30]Park H D,Noguera D R.Evaluating the effect of dissolved oxygen on ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in activated sludge[J].Water Research,2004,38(14-15):3275-3286.
[31]高景峰,周建强,彭永臻.处理实际生活污水短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(10):1604-1611.
[32]Guo X,Kim J H,Behera S K,et al.Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration and aeration time on nitrite accumulation in partial nitrification process[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2008,5(4):527-534.
[33]方茜,张朝升,张立秋,等.曝气量对同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺效能的影响[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(21):14-18.
[34]张方可,张朝升,罗思音,等.SBR短程同步硝化反硝化耦合除磷的研究[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(7):65-70.
[35]余鸿婷,李敏.反硝化聚磷菌的脱氮除磷机制及其在废水处理中的应用[J].微生物学报,2015,55(3):264-272.
[36]Adav S S,Lee D J,Lai J Y.Potential cause of aerobic granular sludge breakdown at high organic loading rates[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2010,85(5):1601-1610.
[37]李志华,吴军,贺春博,等.水力旋流条件对好氧颗粒污泥稳定性影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(3):671-675.
[38]牛姝,段百川,张祚黧,等.连续流态下以城市污水培养好氧颗粒污泥及颗粒特性研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):988-992.
[39]彭永臻,吴蕾,马勇,等.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、特性及应用研究进展[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):273-281.
[40]王建龙,张子健,吴伟伟.好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):449-473.
[41]张倩,王弘宇,桑稳姣,等.1株反硝化除磷菌的鉴定及其反硝化功能基因研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2876-2881.
[2]Baek S H,Kim H J.Mathematical model for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)in membrane bioreactor(MBR)under Low Dissolved Oxygen(DO)concentrations[J].Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering,2013,18(1):104-110.
[3]邓时海,李德生,卢阳阳,等.集成模块系统同步硝化反硝化处理低碳氮比污水的试验[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2259-2265.
[4]Zeng W,Zhang Y,Li L,et al.Simultaneous nitritation and denitritation of domestic wastewater without addition of external carbon sources at limited aeration and normal temperatures[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2010,21(13):210-219.
[5]高大文,彭永臻,王淑莹.交替好氧/缺氧短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮Ⅰ.方法实现与控制[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):761-768.
[6]梁小玲,李平,吴锦华,等.短程同步硝化反硝化过程的脱氮与N2O释放特性[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1845-1850.
[7]Villaverde S,Fdz-Polanco F,Garcia P A.Nitrifying biofilm acclimation to free ammonia in submerged biofilters.Start-up influence[J].Water Research,2000,34(2):602-610.
[8]赵志瑞,马斌,张树军,等.高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1448-1456.
[9]Bai Y H,Sun Q H,Sun R H,et al.Bioaugmentation and adsorption treatment of coking wastewater containing pyridine and quinoline using zeolite-biological aerated filters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(5):1940-1948.
[10]张可方,方茜,曹勇锋.温度和溶解氧对短程同步硝化反硝化脱氮效果的影响[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,10(1):81-84.
[11]马娟,彭永臻,王丽,等.温度对反硝化过程的影响以及p H值变化规律[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(11):1004-1008.
[12]尚会来,彭永臻,张精蓉,等.温度对短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):516-520.
[13]吴迪,李冬,刘丽倩,等.SBR亚硝化处理城市生活污水二级出水及其稳定性[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(11):6-10.
[14]赵卫兵,陈天虎,张强,等.溶解氧对Biolak型A2O工艺脱氮除磷性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(11):2754-2758.
[15]李泽兵,李军,李妍,等.短程硝化反硝化技术研究进展[J].给水排水,2011,37(9):163-168.
[16]Mohammed R N,Abu-Alhail S,Wu L X.Intercross real-time control strategy in a novel phased isolation tank step feed process for treating low C/N real wastewater under ambient temperature[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2014,31(10):1798-1809.
[17]谭冲,刘颖杰,王薇,等.碳氮比对聚氨酯生物膜反应器短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3807-3813.
[18]刘文如,丁玲玲,王建芳,等.低C/N比条件下亚硝化颗粒污泥的培养及成因分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(8):2226-2233.
[19]罗思音.DO对短程同步硝化反硝化除磷工艺的影响[J].水科学与工程技术,2011,(5):18-20.
[20]张立秋,韦朝海,张方可,等.常温下SBBR反应器中短程同步硝化反硝化的实现[J].工业用水与废水,2008,39(4):1-5.
[21]Wei D W,Du B,Xue X D,et al.Analysis of factors affecting the performance of partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(4):1863-1870.
[22]汪传新,龚灵潇,彭永臻.低温下MBBR处理低碳氮质量比生活污水的同步硝化反硝化特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(8):2920-2927.
[23]张肖静,李冬,梁瑜海,等.MBR-CANON工艺处理生活污水的快速启动及群落变化[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(4):25-30.
[24]赵庆良,李江雯,魏亮亮,等.混凝滤布过滤-缺氧滤池/生物滴滤工艺处理生活污水[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(8):21-26.
[25]Yan L L,Liu Y,Ren Y,et al.Analysis of the characteristics of short-cut nitrifying granular sludge and pollutant removal processes in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,2014,37(2):125-132.
[26]姚力,信欣,周迎芹,等.好氧反硝化菌强化序批式活性污泥反应器处理生活污水[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(3):73-77,81.
[27]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.258-280.
[28]陈益明.SBR反应器实现半亚硝化的启动策略[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2013,52(2):232-236.
[29]张小玲,王志盈.低溶解氧下SBR内短程硝化影响因素试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(1):163-166.
[30]Park H D,Noguera D R.Evaluating the effect of dissolved oxygen on ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in activated sludge[J].Water Research,2004,38(14-15):3275-3286.
[31]高景峰,周建强,彭永臻.处理实际生活污水短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(10):1604-1611.
[32]Guo X,Kim J H,Behera S K,et al.Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration and aeration time on nitrite accumulation in partial nitrification process[J].International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2008,5(4):527-534.
[33]方茜,张朝升,张立秋,等.曝气量对同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺效能的影响[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(21):14-18.
[34]张方可,张朝升,罗思音,等.SBR短程同步硝化反硝化耦合除磷的研究[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(7):65-70.
[35]余鸿婷,李敏.反硝化聚磷菌的脱氮除磷机制及其在废水处理中的应用[J].微生物学报,2015,55(3):264-272.
[36]Adav S S,Lee D J,Lai J Y.Potential cause of aerobic granular sludge breakdown at high organic loading rates[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2010,85(5):1601-1610.
[37]李志华,吴军,贺春博,等.水力旋流条件对好氧颗粒污泥稳定性影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(3):671-675.
[38]牛姝,段百川,张祚黧,等.连续流态下以城市污水培养好氧颗粒污泥及颗粒特性研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):988-992.
[39]彭永臻,吴蕾,马勇,等.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、特性及应用研究进展[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):273-281.
[40]王建龙,张子健,吴伟伟.好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):449-473.
[41]张倩,王弘宇,桑稳姣,等.1株反硝化除磷菌的鉴定及其反硝化功能基因研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2876-2881.