基于部分硝化的不同曝停频率下脱氮性能的比较
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摘要
为研究相同曝停比且不同曝停频率下系统脱氮性能及氮素的变化,在室温下(18～20℃),接种实验室培养成熟的亚硝化絮状污泥于序批式反应器(SBR)中,用时控开关控制周期内曝气/停曝时间为:2 min∶2 min,4 min∶4 min,10 min∶10 min,30 min∶30 min,120 min∶120 min,对反应器的情况进行研究.结果表明,不同曝停频率下的污泥系统均可以保持良好的亚硝化性能,系统的平均亚硝化率、平均氨氧化率分别为89.7%,87.1%.在曝气∶停曝时间为2 min∶2 min时,总氮去除率稳定至88.4%.随着周期内曝气/停曝时间的增加(曝停频率的减少),总氮去除率出现下降的趋势,在曝气/停曝时间为120 min∶120 min时,总氮去除率下降至56.2%.由于较大曝停频率(曝气/停曝时间为2 min∶2 min)可以使曝气阶段生成的亚硝酸盐在下一个停曝阶段及时被反硝化细菌利用,提高了系统总氮去除率,故曝停频率和总氮去除率呈正相关.烧杯实验表明,在曝气/停曝时间为2 min∶2 min时,单位VSS氨利用速率为10.387 mg/(g·h),故曝停频率较大的运行方式可以筛选出氨利用速率较快的氨氮氧化菌(AOB),并且单位VSS硝酸盐生成速率最大仅为0.42 mg/(g·h),故可以减少污泥系统中相对亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)数量.
In order to assess the variations of nitrogen removal performance and nitrogen concentrations at different frequencies of alternating aerobic/anoxic(FAA) and same ratio of aeration time to anoxic time(2 min∶2 min, 4 min∶4 min, 10 min∶10 min, 30 min∶30 min, and 120 min∶120 min), mature partial nitrification sludge from laboratory was inoculated to sequencing batch reactor(SBR) at room temperature(18-20 ℃). Results showed that good partial nitrification was maintained at different FAA. The average nitritation rate and ammonia oxidation rate were 89.7% and 87.1%, respectively. When the aeration time: anoxic time was 2 min∶2 min, total nitrogen removal efficiency(TNE) increased to 88.4% and remained stable. With the increase of the aeration time∶anoxic time(decline of FAA), the TNE tended to decrease, and it reduced to 56.2% when the aeration time∶anoxic time was 120 min∶120 min. Owing that with high FAA(2 min∶2 min), the nitrite generated during the aeration period could be used by the denitrifying bacteria timely in the next anoxic phase, TNE was increased, and FAA was positively correlated with it. Results of beaker experiment showed that the maximum ammonia utilization rate(R_(AU)) and maximum nitrate production rate(R_(NP)) were 10.387 and 0.42 mg/(g·h) with the aeration time∶anoxic time of 2 min∶2 min. It indicated that the ammonia oxidation rate was faster with higher FAA, which can reduce the relative amount of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB).
In order to assess the variations of nitrogen removal performance and nitrogen concentrations at different frequencies of alternating aerobic/anoxic(FAA) and same ratio of aeration time to anoxic time(2 min∶2 min, 4 min∶4 min, 10 min∶10 min, 30 min∶30 min, and 120 min∶120 min), mature partial nitrification sludge from laboratory was inoculated to sequencing batch reactor(SBR) at room temperature(18-20 ℃). Results showed that good partial nitrification was maintained at different FAA. The average nitritation rate and ammonia oxidation rate were 89.7% and 87.1%, respectively. When the aeration time: anoxic time was 2 min∶2 min, total nitrogen removal efficiency(TNE) increased to 88.4% and remained stable. With the increase of the aeration time∶anoxic time(decline of FAA), the TNE tended to decrease, and it reduced to 56.2% when the aeration time∶anoxic time was 120 min∶120 min. Owing that with high FAA(2 min∶2 min), the nitrite generated during the aeration period could be used by the denitrifying bacteria timely in the next anoxic phase, TNE was increased, and FAA was positively correlated with it. Results of beaker experiment showed that the maximum ammonia utilization rate(R_(AU)) and maximum nitrate production rate(R_(NP)) were 10.387 and 0.42 mg/(g·h) with the aeration time∶anoxic time of 2 min∶2 min. It indicated that the ammonia oxidation rate was faster with higher FAA, which can reduce the relative amount of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB).
引文
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[15]THIRD K A,GIBBS B,NEWLAND M,et al.Long-term aeration management for improved N-removal via SND in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Water Research,2005,39(15):3523.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.014
[16]吴光学,管运涛.SRT及碳源质量浓度对厌氧/好氧交替运行SBR工艺中PHB的影响[J].环境科学,2005,26(2):126WU Guangxue,GUAN Yuntao.Effects of SRT and carbon concentration on the PHB in the anaerobic/aerobic alternative operating SBR process[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(2):126.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2005.02.026
[17]LI J,ELLIOTT D,NIELSEN M.Long-term partial nitrification in an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating ammonium-rich wastewater under controlled oxygen-limited conditions[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2011,55(3):215.DOI:10.1016/j.bej.2011.05.002
[18]蒋轶锋,陈浚,王宝贞,等.间歇曝气对硝化菌生长动力学影响及NO-2积累机制[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):85JIANG Yifeng,CHEN Jun,WANG Baozhen,et al.Effect of intermittent aeration on growth kinetics of nitrifiers and mechanism for NO-2 accumulation[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(1):85
[2]FUX C,VELTEN S,CAROZZI V,et al.Efficient and stable nitritation and denitritation of ammonium-rich sludge dewatering liquor using an SBR with continuous loading[J].Water Research,2006,40(14):2765.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.003
[3]TURK O,MAVINIC D S.Benefits of using selective inhibition to remove nitrogen from highly nitrogenous wastes[J].Environmental Technology Letters,1987,8(1-12):419.DOI:10.1080/09593338709384500
[4]ZENG W,WANG X,LI B,et al.Nitritation and denitrifying phosphorus removal via nitrite pathway from domestic wastewater in a continuous MUCT process[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,143(9):187.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.002
[5]KORNAROS M,DOKIANAKIS S N,LYBERATOS G.Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(19):7245.DOI:10.1021/es100564j
[6]BOURNAZOU M N C,HOOSHIAR K,ARELLANO-GARCIA H,et al.Model based optimization of the intermittent aeration profile for SBRs under partial nitrification[J].Water Research,2013,47(10):3399.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.044
[7]YU R,CHANDRAN K.Strategies of Nitrosomonas europaea 19718 to counter low dissolved oxygen and high nitrite concentrations[J].BMC Microbiology,2010,10(1):1.DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-10-70.
[8]苏东霞,李冬,张肖静,等.曝停时间比对间歇曝气SBR短程硝化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1152SU Dongxia,LI Dong,ZHANG Xiaojing,et al.Effects of different ratios of aeration time and anaerobic time on shortcut nitrification in the intermittent aeration SBR[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1152
[9]KATSOGIANNIS A N,KORNAROS M,LYBERATOS G.Enhanced nitrogen removal in SBRs bypassing nitrate generation accomplished by multiple aerobic/anoxic phase pairs[J].Water Science & Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2003,47(11):53
[10]YANG S,YANG F.Nitrogen removal via short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an intermittently aerated moving bed membrane bioreactor[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,195(1):318.DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.045
[11]高春娣,王惟肖,李浩,等.SBR法交替缺氧好氧模式下短程硝化效率的优化 [J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):403GAO Chundi,WANG Weixiao,LI Hao,et al.Optimization of efficiency on partial nitrification under the mode of alternating anoxic/oxic in sequencing batch reactor[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):403
[12]张艳辉,李冬,梁瑜海,等.缺氧/好氧比对连续流半亚硝化稳定性的影响 [J].中国环境科学,2016,36(6):1724ZHANG Yanhui,LI Dong,LIANG Yuhai,et al.Influence of anoxic/aerobic ratio on stability of partial nitritation in a continuous flow process[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(6):1724
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:100The State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis method[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:100
[14]方茜,张朝升,杜馨.间歇曝气模式对同步硝化反硝化稳定性的影响 [J].环境科学学报,2009,29(7):1411.DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2009.07.014FANG Qian,ZHANG Chaosheng,DU Xin.Influence of intermittent aeration on the stability of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(7):1411.DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb .2009.07.014
[15]THIRD K A,GIBBS B,NEWLAND M,et al.Long-term aeration management for improved N-removal via SND in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Water Research,2005,39(15):3523.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.014
[16]吴光学,管运涛.SRT及碳源质量浓度对厌氧/好氧交替运行SBR工艺中PHB的影响[J].环境科学,2005,26(2):126WU Guangxue,GUAN Yuntao.Effects of SRT and carbon concentration on the PHB in the anaerobic/aerobic alternative operating SBR process[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(2):126.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2005.02.026
[17]LI J,ELLIOTT D,NIELSEN M.Long-term partial nitrification in an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating ammonium-rich wastewater under controlled oxygen-limited conditions[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2011,55(3):215.DOI:10.1016/j.bej.2011.05.002
[18]蒋轶锋,陈浚,王宝贞,等.间歇曝气对硝化菌生长动力学影响及NO-2积累机制[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):85JIANG Yifeng,CHEN Jun,WANG Baozhen,et al.Effect of intermittent aeration on growth kinetics of nitrifiers and mechanism for NO-2 accumulation[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(1):85