基于可靠度的列车多部件预防性机会维修策略研究
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摘要
针对现行轨道车辆检修模式存在过维修和欠维修等问题,提出基于可靠度的列车多部件预防性维护策略。引入故障率递增因子和役龄递减因子,采用维修与更换相结合的维护方式,依据可靠性要求确定单部件最佳预防性维修周期及维修次数。通过分析部件之间维修的经济相关性,在单部件最佳预防性维修周期基础上,通过二次抛物线插值法优化机会维修可靠度阈值,使总维护费用最少,从而得到最优机会维修可靠度。研究结果表明:相比于传统列车维修策略,运用提出的预防性机会维修策略,在保障列车可靠性的同时可减少入库检修次数,节省维护费用,保证了列车运行的安全性和维修的经济性。
In view of the problems of over-maintenance and under-maintenance in the existing maintenance mode of rail vehicles, the preventive maintenance strategy of train multi-components was put forward based on reliability. The failure increasing rate factor and age reduction factor were introduced and the combined maintenance mode of maintenance and replacement was used to get the best single-component maintenance cycle and the number of preventive maintenances according to reliability requirements. In order to get the least total maintenance cost and the optimal opportunistic maintenance reliability, the opportunistic maintenance reliability threshold was optimized by two parabola interpolation method based on the optimal preventive maintenance cycle of single-component. It shows that preventive opportunistic maintenance strategy can keep safe reliability and reduce the number of parking repairs and maintenance costs compared with single-component preventive maintenance strategy. The safety of the train operation and the economy of maintenance are guaranteed.
In view of the problems of over-maintenance and under-maintenance in the existing maintenance mode of rail vehicles, the preventive maintenance strategy of train multi-components was put forward based on reliability. The failure increasing rate factor and age reduction factor were introduced and the combined maintenance mode of maintenance and replacement was used to get the best single-component maintenance cycle and the number of preventive maintenances according to reliability requirements. In order to get the least total maintenance cost and the optimal opportunistic maintenance reliability, the opportunistic maintenance reliability threshold was optimized by two parabola interpolation method based on the optimal preventive maintenance cycle of single-component. It shows that preventive opportunistic maintenance strategy can keep safe reliability and reduce the number of parking repairs and maintenance costs compared with single-component preventive maintenance strategy. The safety of the train operation and the economy of maintenance are guaranteed.
引文
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[2]王灵芝,徐宇工,张家栋.铁路设备关键零部件的可靠性分析模型及其应用研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(4):93-97.WANG Lingzhi,XU Yugong,ZHANG Jiadong.Reliability analysis model of key parts of railway equipment and its application research[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2008,30(4):93-97.
[3]刘志龙,王红,杜维鑫,等.基于效费比的地铁车辆设备预防性维护决策优化[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2016,13(1):146-151.LIU Zhilong,WANG Hong,DU Weixin,et al.Preventive maintenance decision optimization for metro vehicle equipment based on cost-effective[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2016,13(1):146-151.
[4]王红,刘志龙,杜维鑫,等.基于多种维护方式的地铁车辆设备预防性维护策略及维护模型[J].中国铁道科学,2016,37(4):108-114.WANG Hong,LIU Zhilong,DU Weixin,et al.Preventive maintenance strategy and maintenance model of metro vehicle equipment based on multiple maintenance modes[J].China Railway Science,2016,37(4):108-114.
[5]王红,熊律,杜维鑫,等.考虑故障风险的动车组部件预防性维护优化建模[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(24):123-129.WANG Hong,XIONG Lü,DU Weixin,et al.Optimal modeling for preventive maintenance of EMUcomponents considering fault risk[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(24):123-129.
[6]郭建,徐宗昌,孙寒冰.基于比例风险模型的装备机会维修阈值优化[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(12):2622-2629.GUO Jian,XU Zongchang,SUN Hanbing.Opportunistic maintenance threshold optimization of equipment based on proportional hazard model[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2017,23(12):2622-2629.
[7]Lung B,Do P,Levrat E.Opportunistic maintenance based on multi-dependent components of manufacturing system[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2016(65):401-404.
[8]HOU W R,JIANG Z H.An opportunistic maintenance policy of multi-unit series production system with consideration of imperfect maintenance[J].Applied Mathematics&Information Science,2013(7):283-290.
[9]胡瑾秋,张来斌.基于故障超前防御的复杂油气生产设备机会维护模型[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(12):167-175.HU Jinqiu,ZHANG Laibin.The opportunity maintenance model of complex oil and gas production equipment based on fault ahead defense[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(12):167-175.
[10]ZHANG Chen,GAO Wei,GUO Sheng,et al.Opportunistic maintenance for wind turbines considering imperfect,reliability-based maintenance[J].Renewable Energy,2017(103):606-612.
[11]Pandey M,ZUO M J,Moghaddass R,et al.Selective maintenance for binary systems under imperfect repair[J].Reliability Engineering&System Safety,2013(113):42-51.
[12]ZHOU Xiaojun,LU Zhiqiang,XI Lifeng,et al.Opportunistic preventive maintenance optimization for multi-unit series systems with combing multi-preventive maintenance techniques[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Science),2010,15(5):513-518.
[13]孙超.基于可靠性分析的轨道交通车辆转向架维修周期研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2014.SUN Chao.Research on maintenance cycle of rail vehicle bogie based on reliability analysis[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2014.