射孔工况下多喷嘴水力喷射工具冲蚀研究
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摘要
大排量高砂比水力喷砂压裂的射孔过程中,高速流动的携砂液会对喷射工具表面产生严重的冲蚀损伤。根据喷射工具本体材料35CrMo钢的喷射式冲蚀实验,得到了半经验的冲蚀计算模型。结合DPM数值模拟方法获得射孔过程中工具内部的液固两相流场分布及壁面冲蚀速率,讨论了液相参数和固相颗粒参数对流经上、下游喷嘴颗粒含量及喷嘴入口区域冲蚀损伤的影响。计算结果表明,当工具内部流动达到稳定时,下游喷嘴的颗粒含量大于上游喷嘴的颗粒含量,下游喷嘴入口区域的冲蚀损伤更为严重,颗粒含量及冲蚀损伤的差异性在使用大排量、高黏度液体和大直径、高密度颗粒时更为严重。为防止因上、下游喷嘴颗粒含量差异较大影响射孔效率的情况,建议在实际生产过程中,使用携砂性较好的高黏度压裂液和低密度小直径的颗粒,在保证作业效率和工具寿命的同时控制施工排量。
During the perforation operation of hydraulic sand blasting fracturing with large displacement and high sand ratio, sand-carrying fluid flowing at high speed will cause serious erosion damage to the surface of the jet tool. Based on the jet erosion experiment on 35 CrMo steel, which is the body material of the jet tool, a semi-empirical erosion calculation model was obtained. Combining with DPM numerical simulation method, the distribution of liquid-solid two-phase flow field and the wall erosion rate in the tool in the perforating process are obtained. The effects of liquid and solid particle parameters on the particle content when flowing through the nozzles at upstream and downstream and on the erosion damage at the inlets of the nozzles were discussed.The results show that the particle content in downstream nozzles is larger than that in upstream nozzles when the flow inside the tool remains stable, the erosion damage at the inlet of downstream nozzles is more serious, and the difference of particle content and erosion damage is more serious when using high viscous liquid with large displacement and large-diameter particles with high-density. In order to prevent the perforation efficiency from being greatly affected by the difference of particle content between in upstream and in downstream nozzles, it is recommended to use high-viscosity fracturing fluid with good sand-carrying property and small-diameter particles with low density in the actual production process to control construction displacement when guaranteeing operation efficiency and tool life.
During the perforation operation of hydraulic sand blasting fracturing with large displacement and high sand ratio, sand-carrying fluid flowing at high speed will cause serious erosion damage to the surface of the jet tool. Based on the jet erosion experiment on 35 CrMo steel, which is the body material of the jet tool, a semi-empirical erosion calculation model was obtained. Combining with DPM numerical simulation method, the distribution of liquid-solid two-phase flow field and the wall erosion rate in the tool in the perforating process are obtained. The effects of liquid and solid particle parameters on the particle content when flowing through the nozzles at upstream and downstream and on the erosion damage at the inlets of the nozzles were discussed.The results show that the particle content in downstream nozzles is larger than that in upstream nozzles when the flow inside the tool remains stable, the erosion damage at the inlet of downstream nozzles is more serious, and the difference of particle content and erosion damage is more serious when using high viscous liquid with large displacement and large-diameter particles with high-density. In order to prevent the perforation efficiency from being greatly affected by the difference of particle content between in upstream and in downstream nozzles, it is recommended to use high-viscosity fracturing fluid with good sand-carrying property and small-diameter particles with low density in the actual production process to control construction displacement when guaranteeing operation efficiency and tool life.
引文
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[3]王治国,冉亚楠,隆世明,崔璐,窦益华.水力喷射工具射孔过程液固两相流冲蚀数值模拟[J].石油机械,2015,43(9):61-65.WANG Zhiguo,RAN Yanan,LONG Shiming,CUI Lu,DOU Yihua.Numerical simulation of slurry flow erosion in perforating by hydraulic jetting tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(9):61-65.
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[6]李智,胥云,王振铎,陈作,张广伟.水力喷砂压裂工具喷嘴磨损分析[J].石油矿场机械,2010,39(11):25-28.LI Zhi,XU Yun,WANG zhenduo,CHEN zuo,ZHANGGuangwei.Analysis on nozzle wear of hydraulic sandblast fracturing tools[J].Oil Field Equipment,2010,39(11):25-28.
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[8]FINNIE I.Erosion of surface by solid particles[J].Wear,1960,3(2):87-103.
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[13]CHEN X,MCLAURY B S,SHIRAZI S A.Application and experimental validation of a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based erosion prediction model in elbows and plugged tees[J].Computers&Fluids,2004,33(10):1251-1272.
[14]窦益华,王治国,李臻,杨向同,巴旦,刘洪涛.超级13Cr钢在蒸馏水和3.5 wt%NaCl含砂流体中的冲蚀实验研究[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(1):76-78.DOU Yihua,WANG Zhiguo,LI Zhen,YANG Xiangtong,BA Dan,LIU Hongtao.Erosion experiment of Super-13Cr steel in distilled water and 3.5wt%NaCl solution with sand[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2015,38(1):76-78.
[15]BOKANE A,JAIN S,DESHPANDE Y,CRESPOF.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)study and investigation of proppant transport and distribution in multistage fractured horizontal wells[R].SPE 165952,2013.
[16]DANESHY A.Uneven distribution of proppants in perf clusters[J].World Oil,2011,232(4):75-76.
[17]林铁军,练章华,陈世春,李敏,陈锋.气体钻井中气体携岩对钻杆的冲蚀机理研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(4):1-4.LIN Tiejun,LIAN Zhanghua,CHEN Shichun,LI Min,CHEN Feng.Study on drill pipe erosion of gas carrying cuttings in gas drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2010,32(4):1-4.
[18]OKITA R,ZHANG Y,McLAURY B S,SHIRAZI S A.Experimental and computational investigations to evaluate the effects of fluid viscosity and particle size on erosion damage[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2012,134(6):061301.
[2]黄中伟,李根生,田守嶒,宋先知,盛茂,吴春方.水力喷射多级压裂井下工具磨损规律分析[J].重庆大学学报,2014,37(5):77-82.HUANG Zhongwei,LI Gensheng,TIAN Shouceng,SONG Xianzhi,SHENG Mao,WU Chunfang.Wear investigation of downhole tools applied to hydrajet multistage fracturing[J].Journal of Chongqing University.2014,37(5):77-82.
[3]王治国,冉亚楠,隆世明,崔璐,窦益华.水力喷射工具射孔过程液固两相流冲蚀数值模拟[J].石油机械,2015,43(9):61-65.WANG Zhiguo,RAN Yanan,LONG Shiming,CUI Lu,DOU Yihua.Numerical simulation of slurry flow erosion in perforating by hydraulic jetting tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(9):61-65.
[4]李宪文,陈生圣,赵文轸.水力喷砂射孔压裂喷嘴的损伤试验分析[J].石油矿场机械,2009,38(2):42-46.LI Xianwen,CHEN shengsheng,ZHAO wenzhen.Experimental study of hydrajet nozzle on abrasion[J].Oil Field Equipment,2009,38(2):42-46.
[5]葛兆龙,卢义玉,左伟芹,夏彬伟,赵艳萍,汤积仁.水力喷砂射孔喷嘴的数值模拟及试验研究[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2011,32(3):119-123.GE Zhaolong,LU Yiyu,ZUO Weiqin,XIA Binwei,ZHAO Yanping,TANG Jiren.Numerical and experimental study for convergent nozzles of hydraulic sand-blasting perforation[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University(Engineering Science),2011,32(3):119-123.
[6]李智,胥云,王振铎,陈作,张广伟.水力喷砂压裂工具喷嘴磨损分析[J].石油矿场机械,2010,39(11):25-28.LI Zhi,XU Yun,WANG zhenduo,CHEN zuo,ZHANGGuangwei.Analysis on nozzle wear of hydraulic sandblast fracturing tools[J].Oil Field Equipment,2010,39(11):25-28.
[7]McLAURY B S.A model to predict solid particle erosion in oilfield geometries[D].University of Tulsa,1993.
[8]FINNIE I.Erosion of surface by solid particles[J].Wear,1960,3(2):87-103.
[9]BITTER J G A.A study of erosion phenomena PartⅠ[J].Wear,1963,6(1):5-21.
[10]BITTER J G A.A study of erosion phenomena PartⅡ[J].Wear,1963,6(3):169-190.
[11]MENG H C,LUDEMA K C.Wear models and predictive equations:their form and content[J].Wear,1995,181(95):443-457.
[12]亢力强,郭烈锦.风沙运动的DPM数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2006,27(3):442-443.KANG liqiang,GUO liejin.Simulation of windblown sand movement by discrete particle model[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2006,27(3):442-443.
[13]CHEN X,MCLAURY B S,SHIRAZI S A.Application and experimental validation of a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based erosion prediction model in elbows and plugged tees[J].Computers&Fluids,2004,33(10):1251-1272.
[14]窦益华,王治国,李臻,杨向同,巴旦,刘洪涛.超级13Cr钢在蒸馏水和3.5 wt%NaCl含砂流体中的冲蚀实验研究[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(1):76-78.DOU Yihua,WANG Zhiguo,LI Zhen,YANG Xiangtong,BA Dan,LIU Hongtao.Erosion experiment of Super-13Cr steel in distilled water and 3.5wt%NaCl solution with sand[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2015,38(1):76-78.
[15]BOKANE A,JAIN S,DESHPANDE Y,CRESPOF.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)study and investigation of proppant transport and distribution in multistage fractured horizontal wells[R].SPE 165952,2013.
[16]DANESHY A.Uneven distribution of proppants in perf clusters[J].World Oil,2011,232(4):75-76.
[17]林铁军,练章华,陈世春,李敏,陈锋.气体钻井中气体携岩对钻杆的冲蚀机理研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(4):1-4.LIN Tiejun,LIAN Zhanghua,CHEN Shichun,LI Min,CHEN Feng.Study on drill pipe erosion of gas carrying cuttings in gas drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2010,32(4):1-4.
[18]OKITA R,ZHANG Y,McLAURY B S,SHIRAZI S A.Experimental and computational investigations to evaluate the effects of fluid viscosity and particle size on erosion damage[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2012,134(6):061301.