多频往复冲压式秸秆制板均匀布料装置的设计与试验
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摘要
秸秆人造板在热压成型过程中,物料分布均匀性直接影响到压缩效果,进而影响人造板的抗压强度和内结合强度等性能指标。多频往复冲压式秸秆制板是利用飞轮带动往复运动的冲头,将胶料混合物间歇性从模具中挤出成板的新型工艺。设计了一种用于该工艺秸秆人造板生产设备的均匀布料装置,通过搅拌器、分料器、挡板调节装置实现均匀布料和下料量控制。利用EDEM仿真软件,对工作过程中物料运动速度、下落位置以及物料均匀度进行分析。以物料质量变异系数为物料均匀度的量化评价指标,以分料轴转速、挡料板与分料器间距以及物料含水率为参数进行二次回归正交旋转组合设计,对影响布料均匀性的主要结构与工艺参数进行分析。结果表明:物料能够顺利通过布料装置,且形成一个稳定的落料区域,同时避免因物料下落速度过大而增加颗粒间作用力所引起布料不均现象的发生。当分料轴转速为24r·min-1,挡料板与分料器间距为3.5mm,物料含水率为20%时,物料质量变异系数为4.73%,可使布料效果达到最佳,压制成型的秸秆人造板力学特性达到相关标准。该研究对多频往复冲压式秸秆制板过程中物料均匀分布具有重要参考价值,对秸秆人造板生产以及质量提高具有重要意义。
In the process of hot pressing molding for straw-based panel, material distributing uniformity has a directly impact on the compression effect, then affects the compressive strength and binding strength of the straw-based panel. The multi-frequency reciprocating stamping straw board is a new process of using a flywheel to drive a reciprocating punch and extruding the adhesive compound straw from the mold into a plate. A distribution device for straw-based panel production equipment of the process was designed. The device which consisted of agitator, dispenser and structure of scraper regulating device were designed to realize the uniformity and the material quantity control during the distributing process. In EDEM simulation, the material moving speed, the falling position and the material quality uniformity in the device were analyzed. To analyze the main structure and process parameters affecting uniformity, the experiment adopted quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design and the material quality variation coefficient was used as the quantitative evaluation index of the material quality uniformity, and revolving speed of dispensing shaft, distance of scraper and material moisture content were selected as independent variables based on the production prototype. Results showed that the material could smoothly past through the distribution device, forming a stable area for material, and avoiding increasing intergranular force due to ununiformity from high-speed falling material. When revolving speed of dispensing shaft was 24 r·min-1, distance of scraper was 3.5mm and material moisture content was 20%, the material quality variation coefficient was 4.73%, which could achieve the best distributing effect, and the mechanical properties of the press-formed straw-based panel met the relevant standards. The study has important reference value for the uniform distribution of material in the process of multi-frequency reciprocating stamping straw-based panel production, which is of great significance to the production and quality improvement of straw-based panel.
In the process of hot pressing molding for straw-based panel, material distributing uniformity has a directly impact on the compression effect, then affects the compressive strength and binding strength of the straw-based panel. The multi-frequency reciprocating stamping straw board is a new process of using a flywheel to drive a reciprocating punch and extruding the adhesive compound straw from the mold into a plate. A distribution device for straw-based panel production equipment of the process was designed. The device which consisted of agitator, dispenser and structure of scraper regulating device were designed to realize the uniformity and the material quantity control during the distributing process. In EDEM simulation, the material moving speed, the falling position and the material quality uniformity in the device were analyzed. To analyze the main structure and process parameters affecting uniformity, the experiment adopted quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design and the material quality variation coefficient was used as the quantitative evaluation index of the material quality uniformity, and revolving speed of dispensing shaft, distance of scraper and material moisture content were selected as independent variables based on the production prototype. Results showed that the material could smoothly past through the distribution device, forming a stable area for material, and avoiding increasing intergranular force due to ununiformity from high-speed falling material. When revolving speed of dispensing shaft was 24 r·min-1, distance of scraper was 3.5mm and material moisture content was 20%, the material quality variation coefficient was 4.73%, which could achieve the best distributing effect, and the mechanical properties of the press-formed straw-based panel met the relevant standards. The study has important reference value for the uniform distribution of material in the process of multi-frequency reciprocating stamping straw-based panel production, which is of great significance to the production and quality improvement of straw-based panel.
引文
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[15]王代军,吴胜利,李林.链箅机布料系统的均匀布料[J].钢铁,2013,48(1):24-29.
[16]梁少林,何涛,仇进,等.一种新型旋转布料装置在大型矿热炉中的运用[J].铁合金,2015,(4):37-39.
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[18]周慧玲,张晋.烧结布料装置改进探讨[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1999,31(2):40-44.
[19]周金生.经济料生产条件下烧结布料方式的缺陷及改进[J].四川冶金,2017,39(2):42-43.
[20]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.油菜小麦兼用气送式集排器搅种装置设计及充种性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):26-34.
[21]薛志平,白雪卫,张博,等.基于离散元法的螺旋进料器物料流动特性分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(1):63-69.
[22]王福林,尚家杰,刘宏新,等.EDEM颗粒体仿真技术在排种机构研究上的应用[J].东北农业大学学报,2013(2):110-114.
[23]张新勇.基于EDEM方法的稳定土搅拌器搅拌过程模拟[D].荆州:长安大学,2015.
[24]刘正平,田梦,杨淞旭,等.从动型旋转齿盘分草装置的设计[J].华南农业大学学报,2018,39(1):120-124.
[25]张立栋,李连好,程硕,等.颗粒在圆形偏心滚筒内的运动模式[J].化工进展,2015,34(9):3244-3247.
[26]李国美,王跃社,亢力强.突扩圆管内液-固两相流固体颗粒运动特性的DPM数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2008,29(12):2061-2064.
[2]翟继辉,周慧秋.黑龙江省农作物秸秆能源化利用现状、存在问题及对策研究[J].东北农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,11(1):20-24.
[3] WANG Y J,BI Y Y,GAO C Y.The assessment and utilization of straw resources in China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2010,9(12):1807-1815.
[4]李凯夫,彭万喜.国内外秸秆制人造板的研究现状与趋势[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(2):34-36.
[5]周定国.我国秸秆人造板产业的腾飞与超越[J].林产工业,2016,43(1):3-8.
[6]陈怡.国内秸秆人造板发展探析[J].林产工业,2013,40(4):9-11.
[7] LECOMPTE T,DUIGOU A L.Mechanics of straw bales for building applications[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2017,9:84-90.
[8]黄正明,谭鹤群,陆锐.大型立式干燥机械布料装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):251-256.
[9]宁国鹏,王德成,王光辉.一种新型均匀布料器的设计研究[C]//2005年中国农业工程学会学术年会,2005:354-358.
[10]白自艳,蔡梦克,李博,等.基于EDEM软件的螺旋布料装置工作参数的研究[J].建设机械技术与管理,2017(9):55-59.
[11]徐中新,李昌亭,胡永彪.宽幅摊铺机螺旋布料器的设计与抗离析研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2017,14(10):2222-2230.
[12]解睿.沥青混合料摊铺机螺旋布料器对混合料均匀性的影响[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2007,24(12):20-23.
[13]宁国鹏,王德成,王光辉.带式干燥机摆动式均匀布料器的设计[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(8):193-195.
[14]刘婷.球团矿摆动皮带系统布料均匀性建模与控制[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.
[15]王代军,吴胜利,李林.链箅机布料系统的均匀布料[J].钢铁,2013,48(1):24-29.
[16]梁少林,何涛,仇进,等.一种新型旋转布料装置在大型矿热炉中的运用[J].铁合金,2015,(4):37-39.
[17]刘韶辉.旋转布料器在焦烧石灰竖窑上的设计与应用[J].工程建设,2010,42(3):36-38.
[18]周慧玲,张晋.烧结布料装置改进探讨[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1999,31(2):40-44.
[19]周金生.经济料生产条件下烧结布料方式的缺陷及改进[J].四川冶金,2017,39(2):42-43.
[20]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.油菜小麦兼用气送式集排器搅种装置设计及充种性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):26-34.
[21]薛志平,白雪卫,张博,等.基于离散元法的螺旋进料器物料流动特性分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(1):63-69.
[22]王福林,尚家杰,刘宏新,等.EDEM颗粒体仿真技术在排种机构研究上的应用[J].东北农业大学学报,2013(2):110-114.
[23]张新勇.基于EDEM方法的稳定土搅拌器搅拌过程模拟[D].荆州:长安大学,2015.
[24]刘正平,田梦,杨淞旭,等.从动型旋转齿盘分草装置的设计[J].华南农业大学学报,2018,39(1):120-124.
[25]张立栋,李连好,程硕,等.颗粒在圆形偏心滚筒内的运动模式[J].化工进展,2015,34(9):3244-3247.
[26]李国美,王跃社,亢力强.突扩圆管内液-固两相流固体颗粒运动特性的DPM数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2008,29(12):2061-2064.