基于感知特性的移动式交会对接训练器研究
|
摘要
目的为航天员提供一套可随时随地训练的移动式手控交会对接训练器,提高未来空间站任务手控交会对接操作的训练效率。方法以当前桌面式训练器为基础,分析了影响手控交会对接操作的关键感知因素,通过对照实验分别对小型化显示设备和仿真手柄两种模式训练平台的操作效能进行了验证。结果小型化显示设备并不会显著影响操作效能;而仿真手柄模式下受试者的操作效率发生了一定变化,但没有显著影响对接精度。结论在保证一定训练效能的前提下,手控交会对接训练器有希望实现系统结构的小型化,满足航天员移动式训练需求。
Objective To provide a mobile manual rendezvous and docking( RVD) trainer that could be used by astronauts at anytime and anywhere,thus to improve the training efficiency of manual RVD in future space station missions. Methods Based on the current desktop trainer,the key perception factors affecting manual RVD operations were analyzed and then the effectiveness in both modes( the miniaturized display device & the simulated handles) were verified with experiments. Results Miniaturized display device did not affect the operational performance significantly. The operational efficiency changed to some extend when using the simulated handle,but the operational accuracy was not affected. Conclusion Under the premise of guaranteed performance,manual RVD trainer could achieve miniaturization to meet the needs of mobile training.
Objective To provide a mobile manual rendezvous and docking( RVD) trainer that could be used by astronauts at anytime and anywhere,thus to improve the training efficiency of manual RVD in future space station missions. Methods Based on the current desktop trainer,the key perception factors affecting manual RVD operations were analyzed and then the effectiveness in both modes( the miniaturized display device & the simulated handles) were verified with experiments. Results Miniaturized display device did not affect the operational performance significantly. The operational efficiency changed to some extend when using the simulated handle,but the operational accuracy was not affected. Conclusion Under the premise of guaranteed performance,manual RVD trainer could achieve miniaturization to meet the needs of mobile training.
引文
[1]周建平.载人航天交会对接技术[J].载人航天,2011,17(2):1-7.Zhou JP.Rendezvous and docking technology of manned space flight[J].Manned Spaceflight,2011,17(2):1-7.
[2]Hess RA,Zaal P.Visual perception and manual control[C]//AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference,Portland,Oregon,2011:6423.
[3]黄伟芬,田志强,王春慧.航天器人控交会对接系统工效学要求与评价技术研究及实践[J].载人航天,2015,21(6):535-544.Huang WF,Tian ZQ,Wang CH.Research and practice of ergonomic requirements and evaluation technology in manually controlled rendezvous and docking of spacecrafts[J].Manned Spaceflight,2015,21(6):535-544.
[4]Chen JYC,Haas EC,Barnes MJ.Human performance issues and user interface design for teleoperated Robots[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man&Cybernetics Part C Applications&Reviews,2007,37(6):1231-1245.
[5]Advani SK,Potter M.Dynamic properties of visual cueing systems in flight simulators[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit,Toronto,Ontario Canada,2010,8355:2-5.
[6]Van Erp JB,Padmos P.Image parameters for driving with indirect viewing systems[J].Ergonomics,2003,46(15):1471-99.
[7]Zaal PMT,Sweet BT.Effects of visual spatio-temporal aliasing on pilot performance in active control tasks[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit,Toronto,Ontario Canada,2010,8096:2-5.
[8]Waller D,Miller J.A desktop virtual environment trainer provides superior retention of a spatial assembly skill[C]//ACM SIGCHI’98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems,Los Angeles,CA,1998:339-340.
[9]De Winter JCF,De Groot S,Mulder M,et al.Relationships between driving simulator performance and driving test results[J].Ergonomics,2009,52(2):137-153.
[10]Prewett MS,Johnson RC,Saboe KN,et al.Managing workload in human-robot interaction:A review of empirical studies[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2010,26(5):840-856.
[11]Hess RA.Effects of time delays on systems subject to manual control[J].Journal of Guidance,Control,and Dynamics,1984,7(4):416-421.
[12]Rank M,Shi Z,Hirche S.Perception of delay in haptic telepresence systems[J].Presence,2010,19(5):389-399.
[13]杜晓平,张宜静,黄伟芬,等.手控交会对接中技能水平和自动化对操作者绩效的影响研究[J].人类工效学,2015,21(2):38-42.Du XP,Zhang YJ,Huang WF,et al.Impact of skill level and automation on performance in manual rendezvous and docking[J].Chinese Journal of Ergonomics,2015,21(2):38-42.
[14]Witmer BG,Sadowski WJ.Nonvisually guided locomotion to a previously viewed target in real and virtual environments[J].Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society,1998,40(3):478-488.
[15]田雨,陈善广,王春慧,等.速度知觉测试软件的开发与应用[J].计算机工程与设计,2013,34(1):372-376.Tian Y,Chen SG,Wang CH,et al.Development and application of software product for speed perception test[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2013,34(1):372-376.
[16]Warren WH.The dynamics of perception and action[J].Psychological Review,2006,113(2):358-389.
[2]Hess RA,Zaal P.Visual perception and manual control[C]//AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference,Portland,Oregon,2011:6423.
[3]黄伟芬,田志强,王春慧.航天器人控交会对接系统工效学要求与评价技术研究及实践[J].载人航天,2015,21(6):535-544.Huang WF,Tian ZQ,Wang CH.Research and practice of ergonomic requirements and evaluation technology in manually controlled rendezvous and docking of spacecrafts[J].Manned Spaceflight,2015,21(6):535-544.
[4]Chen JYC,Haas EC,Barnes MJ.Human performance issues and user interface design for teleoperated Robots[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man&Cybernetics Part C Applications&Reviews,2007,37(6):1231-1245.
[5]Advani SK,Potter M.Dynamic properties of visual cueing systems in flight simulators[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit,Toronto,Ontario Canada,2010,8355:2-5.
[6]Van Erp JB,Padmos P.Image parameters for driving with indirect viewing systems[J].Ergonomics,2003,46(15):1471-99.
[7]Zaal PMT,Sweet BT.Effects of visual spatio-temporal aliasing on pilot performance in active control tasks[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit,Toronto,Ontario Canada,2010,8096:2-5.
[8]Waller D,Miller J.A desktop virtual environment trainer provides superior retention of a spatial assembly skill[C]//ACM SIGCHI’98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems,Los Angeles,CA,1998:339-340.
[9]De Winter JCF,De Groot S,Mulder M,et al.Relationships between driving simulator performance and driving test results[J].Ergonomics,2009,52(2):137-153.
[10]Prewett MS,Johnson RC,Saboe KN,et al.Managing workload in human-robot interaction:A review of empirical studies[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2010,26(5):840-856.
[11]Hess RA.Effects of time delays on systems subject to manual control[J].Journal of Guidance,Control,and Dynamics,1984,7(4):416-421.
[12]Rank M,Shi Z,Hirche S.Perception of delay in haptic telepresence systems[J].Presence,2010,19(5):389-399.
[13]杜晓平,张宜静,黄伟芬,等.手控交会对接中技能水平和自动化对操作者绩效的影响研究[J].人类工效学,2015,21(2):38-42.Du XP,Zhang YJ,Huang WF,et al.Impact of skill level and automation on performance in manual rendezvous and docking[J].Chinese Journal of Ergonomics,2015,21(2):38-42.
[14]Witmer BG,Sadowski WJ.Nonvisually guided locomotion to a previously viewed target in real and virtual environments[J].Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society,1998,40(3):478-488.
[15]田雨,陈善广,王春慧,等.速度知觉测试软件的开发与应用[J].计算机工程与设计,2013,34(1):372-376.Tian Y,Chen SG,Wang CH,et al.Development and application of software product for speed perception test[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2013,34(1):372-376.
[16]Warren WH.The dynamics of perception and action[J].Psychological Review,2006,113(2):358-389.