主动配电网分布式无功优化控制方法
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摘要
随着配电网中分布式电源的渗透率不断提高,配电网运行和控制面临诸多新挑战。集中式控制的成本高、通信要求高、可靠性差,不适应主动配电网的实际需求。基于分区协调控制和凸优化的思想,提出了一种主动配电网分布式无功优化控制方法。此方法以网络有功损耗为目标函数,考虑配电网潮流方程约束、各节点电压上下限约束和分布式电源无功出力上下限约束。以简化的支路潮流方程将非凸的无功优化控制问题转化成凸二次规划问题,以物理分区的形式对凸二次规划问题进行分布式计算求解。每个控制区域都配有一个独立的控制器,每个控制器仅对所控制区域数据进行测量,并且只收集相邻控制器的边界协调信息,采用同步型交替方向乘子法进行分布式优化计算,得到各区域分布式电源的无功优化控制策略。最后以IEEE 33和IEEE 69系统为例,仿真计算结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。
With increasing penetration of distributed generation in distribution network, operation and control of distribution network is faced with many new challenges. Because of high cost, high communication requirements and poor reliability, centralized control cannot meet actual needs of active distribution network. Based on an idea of coordinated zone control and convex optimization, a distributed optimal reactive power control method for active distribution network is proposed. This method takes network power loss as objective function, and the constraints are power flow equation, upper and lower bounds of bus voltage and reactive power output of distributed generation. Thus a non-convex optimal reactive power control problem is transformed into convex quadratic programming problem with simplified branch flow equation, and the convex quadratic programming problem is solved with distributed calculation in form of physical partition. The system is divided into several sub-areas, each sub-area is equipped with a controller, and each controller only measures data of its own area and collects boundary coordination information from adjacent controllers. Through this distributed optimization calculation with synchronous alternating direction method of multipliers, the controller of each area obtains optimal reactive power control strategy for distributed generation. Finally, with case study in IEEE 33-bus system and IEEE 69-bus system, correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.
With increasing penetration of distributed generation in distribution network, operation and control of distribution network is faced with many new challenges. Because of high cost, high communication requirements and poor reliability, centralized control cannot meet actual needs of active distribution network. Based on an idea of coordinated zone control and convex optimization, a distributed optimal reactive power control method for active distribution network is proposed. This method takes network power loss as objective function, and the constraints are power flow equation, upper and lower bounds of bus voltage and reactive power output of distributed generation. Thus a non-convex optimal reactive power control problem is transformed into convex quadratic programming problem with simplified branch flow equation, and the convex quadratic programming problem is solved with distributed calculation in form of physical partition. The system is divided into several sub-areas, each sub-area is equipped with a controller, and each controller only measures data of its own area and collects boundary coordination information from adjacent controllers. Through this distributed optimization calculation with synchronous alternating direction method of multipliers, the controller of each area obtains optimal reactive power control strategy for distributed generation. Finally, with case study in IEEE 33-bus system and IEEE 69-bus system, correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.
引文
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[2]尤毅,刘东,于文鹏,等.主动配电网技术及其进展[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(18):10-16.You Yi,Liu Dong,Yu Wenpeng,et al.Technology and its trends of active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(18):10-16(in Chinese).
[3]张建华,曾博,张玉莹,等.主动配电网规划关键问题与研究展望[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):13-23.Zhang Jianhua,Zeng Bo,Zhang Yuying,et al.Key issues and research prospects of active distribution network planning[J].Transactions of China Eeletrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):13-23(in Chinese).
[4]张玮亚,王紫钰.智能配电系统分区电压控制技术研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(1):146-154.Zhang Weiya,Wang Ziyu.Review of zonal-voltage control techniques of smart distribution system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(1):146-154(in Chinese).
[5]尤毅,刘东,钟清,等.多时间尺度下基于主动配电网的分布式电源协调控制[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(9):192-203.You Yi,Liu Dong,Zhong Qing,et al.Multi-time scale coordinated control of distributed generators based on active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(9):192-203(in Chinese).
[6]刘东,陈云辉,黄玉辉,等.主动配电网的分层能量管理与协调控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5500-5506.Liu Dong,Chen Yunhui,Huang Yuhui,et al.Hierarchical energy management and coordination control of active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5500-5506(in Chinese).
[7]王笑雪,徐弢,王成山,等.基于MAS的主动配电网分布式电压控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(11):2918-2926.Wang Xiaoxue,Xu Tao,Wang Chengshan,et al.Distributed voltage control in active distribution networks utilizing multiple agent system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(11):2918-2926(in Chinese).
[8]蒲天骄,刘克文,李烨,等.基于多代理系统的主动配电网自治协同控制及其仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(8):1864-1874.Pu Tianjiao,Liu Kewen,Li Ye,et al.Multi-agent system based simulation verification for autonomy-cooperative optimization control on active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(8):1864-1874(in Chinese).
[9]?ulc P,Backhaus S,Chertkov M.Optimal distributed control of reactive power via the alternating direction method of multipliers[J].IEEE Trans Energy Convers,2014,29(4):968-977.
[10]Bolognani S,Carli R,Cavraro G,et al.Distributed reactive power feedback control for voltage regulation and loss minimization[J].IEEE Trans Autom Control,2015,60(4):966-981.
[11]Bolognani S,Zampieri S.A distributed control strategy for reactive power compensation in smart microgrids[J].IEEE Trans Autom Control,2013,58(11):2818-2833.
[12]Abessi A,Vahidinasab V,Ghazizadeh M S.Centralized support distributed voltage control by using end-users as reactive power support[J].IEEE Trans Smart Grid,2016,7(1):178-188.
[13]Khan I,Li Zhicheng,Xu Yinliang,et al.Distributed control algorithm for optimal reactive power control in power grids[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2016(83):505-513.
[14]Maknouninejad A,Qu Z.Realizing unified microgrid voltage profile and loss minimization:A cooperative distributed optimization and control approach[J].IEEE Trans Smart Grid,2014,5(4):1621-1630.
[15]Robbins B A,Domínguez-García A D.Optimal reactive power dispatch for voltage regulation in unbalanced distribution systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2016,31(4):2903-2913.
[16]董雷,田爱忠,于汀,等.基于混合整数半定规划的含分布式电源配电网无功优化[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):66-72.Dong Lei,Tian Aizhong,Yu Ting,et al.Reactive power optimization for distribution network with distributed generators based on mixed integer semi-definite programming[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):66-72(in Chinese).
[17]刘一兵,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于混合整数二阶锥规划的主动配电网有功–无功协调多时段优化运行[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2575-2583.Liu Yibing,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.A mixed integer second-order cone programming based active and reactive power coordinated multi-period optimization for active distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2575-2583(in Chinese).
[18]袁亚湘,孙文瑜.最优化理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[19]欧阳聪,刘明波,林舜江,等.采用同步型交替方向乘子法的微电网分散式动态经济调度算法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(5):134-142.Ouyang Cong,Liu Mingbo,Lin Shunjiang,et al.Decentralized dynamic economic dispatch algorithm of microgrids using synchronous alternating direction method of multipliers[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(5):134-142(in Chinese).
[20]刘明波,谢敏,赵维兴.大电网最优潮流计算[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.