外绝缘用液体硅橡胶热老化特性及机理研究
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摘要
液体硅橡胶(LSR)具有优异的机械性能和良好的憎水性,广泛应用于制造互感器、避雷器等输变电设备的绝缘护套。文中对LSR进行200℃的热空气老化试验,发现随着老化时间增加,LSR的拉伸性能和撕裂性能都出现了明显的下降,硬度则出现小幅增加。通过平衡溶胀法测量了老化过程中LSR的交联密度,发现随着老化时间增加,总交联密度和化学交联密度都显著上升,而物理交联密度变化微弱。对LSR进行SEM、EDS和FTIR分析发现,在热老化的过程中LSR的微观形貌、元素组成和官能团组成的变化都较小。交联密度和LSR机械性能的变化呈现显著的相关关系,说明在热老化过程中,LSR化学交联是导致性能变化的主要因素,交联密度可以有效反映热老化过程中机械性能的变化。
Liquid dilicone tubber (LSR) due to its excellent mechanical properties and hydrophobicity,is widely used in the manufacture of insulation sheaths of transformers and arresters. By thermal aging in 200 ℃,it is found that tensile and tearing properties of LSR obviously decreased over time while its hardness had a slight increase. The crosslink density of LSR is measured by using equilibrium swelling method,and it is found that the total crosslink density and chemical crosslink density increases significantly over time,while physical crosslink density changes slightly. SEM,EDS and FTIR are applied to the micro-analysis of LSR,which shows slight change in its microstructure,elements ratio and functional group. The change of crosslink density and mechanical properties of LSR shows a significant correlation,indicating that the chemical cross linking reaction is the main factor that leads to the change of mechanical properties,and the crosslink density can effectively reflect the change of mechanical properties during thermo-aging process.
Liquid dilicone tubber (LSR) due to its excellent mechanical properties and hydrophobicity,is widely used in the manufacture of insulation sheaths of transformers and arresters. By thermal aging in 200 ℃,it is found that tensile and tearing properties of LSR obviously decreased over time while its hardness had a slight increase. The crosslink density of LSR is measured by using equilibrium swelling method,and it is found that the total crosslink density and chemical crosslink density increases significantly over time,while physical crosslink density changes slightly. SEM,EDS and FTIR are applied to the micro-analysis of LSR,which shows slight change in its microstructure,elements ratio and functional group. The change of crosslink density and mechanical properties of LSR shows a significant correlation,indicating that the chemical cross linking reaction is the main factor that leads to the change of mechanical properties,and the crosslink density can effectively reflect the change of mechanical properties during thermo-aging process.
引文
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[8]王红卫,谢强,要粮安,等.高压互感器液体硅橡胶绝缘护套修复工艺及性能研究[J].环境技术,2014(2):44-48.WANG Hongwei,XIE Qiang,YAO Liang’an,et al.Study on the repairing and reinforcement technology of hollow core composite insulators of current transformers[J].Environmental Technology,2014(2):44-48.
[9]刘世涛,郭飞,王博,等.液体硅橡胶伞裙电蚀损修复方法及修复后性能研究[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(10):76-79.LIU Shitao,GUO Fei,WANG Bo,et al.Repairing method of erosion defect on liquid silicon rubber umbrella skirt and its performance[J].Insulating Materials,2016,49(10):76-79.
[10]章涛,李国伟,王俊波.硅橡胶复合套管用FB-PRTV修复后性能分析[J].高压电器,2011,47(10):63-68.ZHANG Tao,LI Guowei,WANG Junbo.Performance evaluation for RTV composite casing after renovated by FB-PRTV[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(10):63-68.
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[12]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶热空气加速老化和耐热试验:GB/T 3512-2014[S].2014.Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests.Air-oven method:GB/T 3512-2014[S].2014.
[13]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶拉伸应力应变性能的测定:GB/T 528-2009[S].2009.Determination of tensile stress-strain properties:GB/T528-2009[S].2009.
[14]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶撕裂强度的测定(裤形、直角形和新月形试样):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.Determination of tear strength(trouser,angle and crescent test pieces):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.
[15]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶压入硬度试验方法第1部分:邵氏硬度计法(邵尔硬度):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.Determination of indentation hardness,Part 1:Duromerer method(Shore hardness):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.
[16]王作龄.橡胶的交联密度与测定方法[J].世界橡胶工业,1998(4):41-46.WANG Zuoling.Crosslink density of rubber and its test method[J].World Rubber Industry,1998(4):41-46.
[17]POLMANTEER K E,LENTZ C W.Reinforcement studieseffect of silica structure on properties and crosslink density[J].Rubber chemistry and technology,1975,48(5):795-809.
[18]曾宪奎,褚福海.热氧老化对氯丁橡胶交联密度和力学性能的影响[J].弹性体,2016,26(4):20-23.ZENG Xiankui,CHU Fuhai.Influence of thermal oxidative aging on crosslink density and mechanical properties of CR[J].China Elastomerics,2016,26(4):20-23.
[19]刘高君,孙爱玲,葛国杰,等.热空气老化对丁基橡胶交联密度和力学性能的影响[J].特种橡胶制品,2013(3):14-17.LIU Gaojun,SUN Ailing,GE Guojie,et al.Influence of thermal oxidative aging on crosslink density and mechanical properties of IIR[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,2013(3):14-17.
[20]董慧民,李敏婷,刘晓丹,等.交联密度对氢化丁腈橡胶热性能的影响[J].特种橡胶制品,2010,31(5):19-21.DONG Huimin,LI Minting,LIU Xiaodan,et al.Effect of crosslink density on thermal property of HNBR[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,2010,31(5):19-21.
[21]刘晓博,明长城,毕文军,等.天然橡胶/再生胶共混胶的交联密度与力学性能[J].弹性体,2012,22(4):52-56.LIU Xiaobo,MING Changcheng,BI Wenjun,et al.Crosslink density and mechanical properties of NR/RRblends[J].China Elastomerics,2012,22(4):52-56.
[2]焦芳,申雪,张巧莉,等.液体硅橡胶复合外套产品成型工艺的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2007(1):6-8.JIAO Fang,SHEN Xue,ZHANG Qiaoli,et al.Study on molding process of LSR composite hollow insulator[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2007(1):6-8.
[3]许永现,陈石刚,袁喜良.高压电力电气用液体注射成形硅橡胶的制备[J].有机硅材料,2007,21(5):279-283.XU Yongxian,CHEN Shigang,YUAN Xiliang.Preparation of injection molding liquid silicone rubber for high voltage electrical equipment[J].Silicone Material,2007,21(5):279-283.
[4]陈灿,王希林,贾志东,等.基于高分子结晶分析方法的液体硅橡胶老化机制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(9):1462-1470.CHEN Can,WANG Xilin,JIA Zhidong,et al.A polymer crystallization based study on the degradation mechanism of liq-uid silicone rubber[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(9):1462-1470.
[5]朱孟周,李成钢,刘洋,等.复合套管液体硅橡胶伞群老化现象的微观特性研究[J].电力与能源,2015(1):68-73.ZHU Mengzhou,LI Chenggang,LIU Yang,et al.Micro structural characterization of liquid silicone rubber’s aging phenomenon used for composite bushing[J].Power&Energy,2015(1):68-73.
[6]YAN Z,HAO J,TIAN L,et al.Micro characterization of aged liquid silicone rubber used for 220 kV current transformer jacket[C]//Proceedings of IEEE 11th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials(ICPADM).[S.l.]:IEEE,2015:716-719.
[7]贾志东,曾智阳,陈灿,等.特殊污秽条件下复合绝缘材料的性能[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):885-892.JIA Zhidong,ZENG Zhiyang,CHEN Can,et al.Properties of composite insulating materials under special contamination[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):885-892.
[8]王红卫,谢强,要粮安,等.高压互感器液体硅橡胶绝缘护套修复工艺及性能研究[J].环境技术,2014(2):44-48.WANG Hongwei,XIE Qiang,YAO Liang’an,et al.Study on the repairing and reinforcement technology of hollow core composite insulators of current transformers[J].Environmental Technology,2014(2):44-48.
[9]刘世涛,郭飞,王博,等.液体硅橡胶伞裙电蚀损修复方法及修复后性能研究[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(10):76-79.LIU Shitao,GUO Fei,WANG Bo,et al.Repairing method of erosion defect on liquid silicon rubber umbrella skirt and its performance[J].Insulating Materials,2016,49(10):76-79.
[10]章涛,李国伟,王俊波.硅橡胶复合套管用FB-PRTV修复后性能分析[J].高压电器,2011,47(10):63-68.ZHANG Tao,LI Guowei,WANG Junbo.Performance evaluation for RTV composite casing after renovated by FB-PRTV[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(10):63-68.
[11]陈灿.输电线路硅橡胶绝缘材料老化机理及运行状态表征方法研究[D].北京:清华大学,2015.CHEN Can.Research on degradation mechanism and condition characterization of silicone rubber used for outdoor insulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2015.
[12]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶热空气加速老化和耐热试验:GB/T 3512-2014[S].2014.Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests.Air-oven method:GB/T 3512-2014[S].2014.
[13]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶拉伸应力应变性能的测定:GB/T 528-2009[S].2009.Determination of tensile stress-strain properties:GB/T528-2009[S].2009.
[14]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶撕裂强度的测定(裤形、直角形和新月形试样):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.Determination of tear strength(trouser,angle and crescent test pieces):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.
[15]硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶压入硬度试验方法第1部分:邵氏硬度计法(邵尔硬度):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.Determination of indentation hardness,Part 1:Duromerer method(Shore hardness):GB/T 529-2008[S].2008.
[16]王作龄.橡胶的交联密度与测定方法[J].世界橡胶工业,1998(4):41-46.WANG Zuoling.Crosslink density of rubber and its test method[J].World Rubber Industry,1998(4):41-46.
[17]POLMANTEER K E,LENTZ C W.Reinforcement studieseffect of silica structure on properties and crosslink density[J].Rubber chemistry and technology,1975,48(5):795-809.
[18]曾宪奎,褚福海.热氧老化对氯丁橡胶交联密度和力学性能的影响[J].弹性体,2016,26(4):20-23.ZENG Xiankui,CHU Fuhai.Influence of thermal oxidative aging on crosslink density and mechanical properties of CR[J].China Elastomerics,2016,26(4):20-23.
[19]刘高君,孙爱玲,葛国杰,等.热空气老化对丁基橡胶交联密度和力学性能的影响[J].特种橡胶制品,2013(3):14-17.LIU Gaojun,SUN Ailing,GE Guojie,et al.Influence of thermal oxidative aging on crosslink density and mechanical properties of IIR[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,2013(3):14-17.
[20]董慧民,李敏婷,刘晓丹,等.交联密度对氢化丁腈橡胶热性能的影响[J].特种橡胶制品,2010,31(5):19-21.DONG Huimin,LI Minting,LIU Xiaodan,et al.Effect of crosslink density on thermal property of HNBR[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,2010,31(5):19-21.
[21]刘晓博,明长城,毕文军,等.天然橡胶/再生胶共混胶的交联密度与力学性能[J].弹性体,2012,22(4):52-56.LIU Xiaobo,MING Changcheng,BI Wenjun,et al.Crosslink density and mechanical properties of NR/RRblends[J].China Elastomerics,2012,22(4):52-56.