CPS互动架构下的聚合电热水器消纳风能策略
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摘要
调控聚合温控负荷可高效地消纳可再生能源。针对聚合智能温控负荷群消纳可再生能源场景中的用户使用舒适度及能源消纳效率问题,在基于信息物理系统的可再生能源消纳互动架构下,提出典型温控负荷——电热水器的映射模型。在考虑用户行为信息感知的前提下,提出基于加热-剩余时间比(HRTR)的电热水器群分区方法,以及考虑分区差异性的可再生能源消纳控制策略。不同控制策略的仿真对比表明所提策略能更好地消纳可再生能源且能保证用户的高使用舒适度。
It can effectively accommodate renewable energy by controlling the aggregated thermostatically controlled loads. Aiming at the problem of user comfort and energy consumption efficiency in the scene of smart aggregated thermostatically controlled loads accommodating renewable energy,a mapping model of typical thermostatically controlled load,i.e. EWH(Electric Water Heater) is proposed under the interaction frame of renewable energy accommodation based on cyber-physical system. On the premise of considering the perception of user behaviour information,a partition method of EWH group based on HRTR(Heat-Residual Time Ratio) and a control strategy of rene-wable energy accommodation with the consideration of partition difference are proposed. The simulation and comparison of different control strategies show that the proposed strategy can better accommodate renewable energy and ensure high user comfort.
It can effectively accommodate renewable energy by controlling the aggregated thermostatically controlled loads. Aiming at the problem of user comfort and energy consumption efficiency in the scene of smart aggregated thermostatically controlled loads accommodating renewable energy,a mapping model of typical thermostatically controlled load,i.e. EWH(Electric Water Heater) is proposed under the interaction frame of renewable energy accommodation based on cyber-physical system. On the premise of considering the perception of user behaviour information,a partition method of EWH group based on HRTR(Heat-Residual Time Ratio) and a control strategy of rene-wable energy accommodation with the consideration of partition difference are proposed. The simulation and comparison of different control strategies show that the proposed strategy can better accommodate renewable energy and ensure high user comfort.
引文
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[20] 王锡凡,肖云鹏,王秀丽.新形势下电力系统供需互动问题研究及分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5018-5028.WANG Xifan,XIAO Yunpeng,WANG Xiuli.Study and analysis on supply-demand interaction of power systems under new circum-stances[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5018-5028.
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[23] 张玉成,徐大纹,王筱娟.基于加权马尔可夫链的主动用户行为预测模型[J].计算机工程与设计,2011,32(10):3334-3337.ZHANG Yucheng,XU Dawen,WANG Xiaojuan.Forecasting model of active user behavior based on weighted Markov chain[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2011,32(10):3334-3337.
[2] 孙建伟,唐升卫,刘菲,等.面向需求响应控制的家用电热水器建模和控制策略评估[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(4):51-55.SUN Jianwei,TANG Shengwei,LIU Fei,et al.Modeling method and control strategy evaluation of electric water heater for demand response program[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2016,28(4):51-55.
[3] 李亚平,姚建国,雍太有,等.居民温控负荷聚合功率及响应潜力评估方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(19):20-28.LI Yaping,YAO Jianguo,YONG Taiyou,et al.Estimation approach to aggregated power and response potential of residential thermosta-tically controlled loads[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(19):20-28.
[4] 信息物理系统白皮书[R].北京:工业和信息化部,2017.
[5] 孙毅,许鹏,单葆国,等.售电侧改革背景下“互联网+”电能替代发展路线[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3648-3654.SUN Yi,XU Peng,SHAN Baoguo,et al.Road map for “Internet plus” energy substitution in electricity retail market reform in China[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3648-3654.
[6] 王东,曾沅,穆云飞,等.采用温控负荷控制技术的新能源优化利用方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3457-3462.WANG Dong,ZENG Yuan,MU Yunfei,et al.An optimization method for new energy utilization using thermostatically controlled appliances[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3457-3462.
[7] 李群英,冯利民,许宇辉,等.基于水源热泵技术的风电消纳模式[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(17):25-27.LI Qunying,FENG Limin,XU Yuhui,et al.Accommodation mode of wind power based on water source heat pump technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(17):25-27.
[8] 艾欣,赵阅群,周树鹏.空调负荷直接负荷控制虚拟储能特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(6):1596-1603.AI Xin,ZHAO Yuequn,ZHOU Shupeng.Study on virtual energy storage features of air conditioning load direct load control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(6):1596-1603.
[9] XU Z,DIAO R,LU S,et al.Modeling of electric water heaters for demand response:a baseline PDE model[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2203-2210.
[10] DIAO R,LU S,ELIZONDO M,et al.Electric water heater modeling and control strategies for demand response[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting.San Diego,USA:IEEE,2012:1-8.
[11] BASHASH S,FATHY H K.Modeling and control of aggregate air conditioning loads for robust renewable power management[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2013,21(4):1318-1327.
[12] SHAAD M,MOMENI A,DIDUCH C P,et al.Parameter identification of thermal models for domestic electric water heaters in a direct load control program[C]//Electrical & Computer Engineering.Montreal,Canada:IEEE,2012:1-5.
[13] NEL P J C,BOOYSEN M J,VAN DER MERWE A B.A computationally inexpensive energy model for horizontal electrical water heaters with scheduling[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(1):48-56.
[14] LU N,CHASSIN D P.A state-queueing model of thermostatically controlled appliances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1666-1673.
[15] 高赐威,李倩玉,李扬,等.基于DLC的空调负荷双层优化调度和控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1546-1555.GAO Ciwei,LI Qianyu,LI Yang,et al.Bi-level optimal dispatch and control strategy for air-conditioning load based on direct load control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1546-1555.
[16] 周磊,李扬,高赐威.聚合空调负荷的温度调节方法改进及控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5579-5589.ZHOU Lei,LI Yang,GAO Ciwei.Improvement of temperature adjusting method for aggregated air-conditioning loads and its control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5579-5589.
[17] 刘萌,褚晓东,张文,等.基于多样性保持的空调负荷群调度控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3674-3682.LIU Meng,CHU Xiaodong,ZHANG Wen,et al.Dispatch and control strategies for air-conditioning load groups based on maintenance of load diversity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3674-3682.
[18] 戚野白,王丹,贾宏杰,等.基于归一化温度延伸裕度控制策略的温控设备需求响应方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(21):5455-5464.QI Yebai,WANG Dan,JIA Hongjie,et al.Research on demand response for thermostatically controlled appliances based on norma-lized temperature extension margin control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(21):5455-5464.
[19] 张丽英,叶廷路,辛耀中,等.大规模风电接入电网的相关问题及措施[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(25):1-9.ZHANG Liying,YE Tinglu,XIN Yaozhong,et al.Problems and measures of power grid accommodating large scale wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(25):1-9.
[20] 王锡凡,肖云鹏,王秀丽.新形势下电力系统供需互动问题研究及分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5018-5028.WANG Xifan,XIAO Yunpeng,WANG Xiuli.Study and analysis on supply-demand interaction of power systems under new circum-stances[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5018-5028.
[21] BOOYSEN M J,ENGELBRECHT J A A,MOLINARO A.Proof of concept:large-scale monitor and control of household water heating in near real-time[C]//International Conference on Applied Energy.Pretoria,South Africa:[s.n.],2013:1-4.
[22] 吴俊奇,乔晓峰,李庚,等.国内外用水舒适度研究进展[J].给水排水,2016,42(5):136-141.WU Junqi,QIAO Xiaofeng,LI Geng,et al.Research progress of the comfort degree of water use in China and abroad[J].Water and Wastewater Engineering,2016,42(5):136-141.
[23] 张玉成,徐大纹,王筱娟.基于加权马尔可夫链的主动用户行为预测模型[J].计算机工程与设计,2011,32(10):3334-3337.ZHANG Yucheng,XU Dawen,WANG Xiaojuan.Forecasting model of active user behavior based on weighted Markov chain[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2011,32(10):3334-3337.