乡村旅游转型发展的ASEB/ANP评价——以鸭绿江风景名胜区为例
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摘要
[目的]乡村旅游转型发展不仅与旅游产品供需侧的结构有关,而且也与乡村振兴战略五大目标协调一致,对其综合评价有助于促进乡村旅游与乡村振兴的协调发展。[方法]以鸭绿江风景名胜区的6个边境滨水乡村为例,建立了乡村振兴战略五大目标与ASEB分析框架相结合的要素评价体系。采用ASEB分析框架与网络层次分析法(ANP)相结合的方式对乡村旅游转型发展的供需侧结构进行综合评价。[结果]传统的产业及空间要素仍然是供需侧背景、活动、体验及利益4个维度中得分值最高的要素;空间体验综合评价的顺序是:獐岛村﹥河口村﹥大鹿岛村﹥绿江村﹥浑江村﹥古楼子乡;背景与活动(AS)均高于体验与利益(EB),旅游供给侧的输入大于需求侧的输出。[结论]乡村旅游转型升级与乡村振兴是一种耦合共生的发展过程,是一种复杂的目标型网络化过程;由第一、第二及第三产业融合形成的产业链构建了产业型休闲体验空间,以第六产业的方式促进了乡村旅游转型发展;案例地区的乡村旅游发展分别处于转型发展的4个阶段;采用"产业融合+旅游体验"的方式营造乡村产业型体验空间,拓展乡村旅游转型发展的内涵,提升乡村振兴发展的综合水平。
The transformation of rural tourism is not only related to the structure of supply and demand side of tourism products,but also coordinated with the five goals of rural revitalization strategy. The research intends to comprehensively evaluate the transformation of rural tourism,which is helpful to promote the coordinated development of rural tourism and rural revitalization. Taking the six border waterfront villages in Yalu river scenic zone as an example,this research established a key element evaluation system by combining the five goals of the rural revitalization strategy and the ASEB analysis framework and carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the supply and demand side of rural tourism transformation through combining the ASEB analysis framework with the analytic network process( ANP). Traditional industrial and spatial elements are still the highest score in the four dimensions of setting,activity,experience and benefit on the supply-demand side. The score of comprehensive evaluation is from high to low,Zhangdao island village > Hekou village > Dalu island village > Lvjiang village > Hunjiang village >Gulouzi village. The setting and activity are higher than the experience and benefits,and the tourism supply-side input is greater than the demand side output. The transformation and upgrading of rural tourism and rural revitalization is a coupled and symbiotic development process,which is a goal-oriented complex networking process; The industrial chain formed by the fusion of the first,the second and the third industries constructs the industrial type leisure experience space and promotes the transformation and development of rural tourism in the way of the sixth industry. The development of rural tourism in the case area is in the four stages of transformation and development,which are the starting stage,the transition stage,the upgrading stage and the mature stage. Through enriching experience space of rural industry,expanding the development system of rural comprehensive experience to improve the comprehensive level of rural revitalization and development.
The transformation of rural tourism is not only related to the structure of supply and demand side of tourism products,but also coordinated with the five goals of rural revitalization strategy. The research intends to comprehensively evaluate the transformation of rural tourism,which is helpful to promote the coordinated development of rural tourism and rural revitalization. Taking the six border waterfront villages in Yalu river scenic zone as an example,this research established a key element evaluation system by combining the five goals of the rural revitalization strategy and the ASEB analysis framework and carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the supply and demand side of rural tourism transformation through combining the ASEB analysis framework with the analytic network process( ANP). Traditional industrial and spatial elements are still the highest score in the four dimensions of setting,activity,experience and benefit on the supply-demand side. The score of comprehensive evaluation is from high to low,Zhangdao island village > Hekou village > Dalu island village > Lvjiang village > Hunjiang village >Gulouzi village. The setting and activity are higher than the experience and benefits,and the tourism supply-side input is greater than the demand side output. The transformation and upgrading of rural tourism and rural revitalization is a coupled and symbiotic development process,which is a goal-oriented complex networking process; The industrial chain formed by the fusion of the first,the second and the third industries constructs the industrial type leisure experience space and promotes the transformation and development of rural tourism in the way of the sixth industry. The development of rural tourism in the case area is in the four stages of transformation and development,which are the starting stage,the transition stage,the upgrading stage and the mature stage. Through enriching experience space of rural industry,expanding the development system of rural comprehensive experience to improve the comprehensive level of rural revitalization and development.
引文
[1]廖彩荣,陈美球.乡村振兴战略的理论逻辑、科学内涵与实现路径.农林经济管理学报,2017,16(6):795-802.
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[6]赵立民.基于耦合理论的旅游业与新农村建设协调发展研究.生态经济(学术版),2011(1):29-32.
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[10] Feng Zhao,Jianqiang Tian,Xiaolin Wang. ASEB analysis of tropical out-of-season sports tourism products in China. Springer InternationalPublishing,2014:493-503.
[11] Wei min. A research on the development of low carbon economy in tourist attractions based on model of ASEB-C. Journal of Applied Sciences,2013,13:3909-3914.
[12] Alison J. Beeho,Richard C. Prentice. Evaluating the experiences and benefits gained by tourists visiting a socio-industrial heritage museum:An application of ASEB grid analysis to Blists hill open-air museum,the Ironbridge Gorge museum,United Kingdom. Museum Managementand Curatorship,1995,14(3):229-251.
[13] Min Wei. A research on the development of low carbon economy in tourist attractions based on model of ASEB-C. Journal of Applied Sciences,2013,13(19)
[14]刘楝子.乡村振兴战略的全域旅游:一个分析框架.改革,2017(12):80-92.
[15]郑辽吉.鸭绿江国家级风景名胜区进一步开发的几个问题.地域研究与开发,2004,23(1):42-46.
[16]郑辽吉.乡村生态体验旅游开发研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2017.
[17] A. J. Veal. The Serious Leisure Perspective and the Experience of Leisure. Leisure Sciences,2017,39(3):205-223.
[18] Anna Ostrega,Fabio De Felice,Antonella Petrillo. ANP-SWOT Approach to minimize environmental impacts due mining activities. Proceedingsof the International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process,2011.
[19]孙铭忆.层次分析法(AHP)与网络层次分析法(ANP)的比较.中外企业家,2014(10):67-68.
[20] Zheng. Lj,Liu Hq. Evaluating multifunctional agriculture in Dalishu,China:a combined application of SWOT analysis and the analytic net-work process method. Outlook On Agriculture,2013,42(2):103-108.
[21] Thomas L Saaty. Fundamentals of the analytic network process-dependence and feedback in decision-making with a single network. Journal ofSystems science and Systems engineering,2004,13(2):129-157.
[2]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.
[3]朱世蓉.复合型休闲农业空间布局及驱动力分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(4):200-205.
[4]张辉,方家,杨礼宪.我国休闲农业和乡村旅游发展现状与趋势展望.中国农业资源与区划,2017(9):205-208.
[5]秦中春.实施乡村振兴战略的意义与重点.新经济导刊,2017(12):80-85.
[6]赵立民.基于耦合理论的旅游业与新农村建设协调发展研究.生态经济(学术版),2011(1):29-32.
[7]王苏,龙江智.深度休闲:概念内涵、研究现状及展望.北京第二外国语学院学报,2011,33(1):1-9.
[8]王艳平,程玉.深度休闲与旅游体验的可替代性.大连民族学院学报,2015(4):335-339.
[9] B. L. Driver,D. H. Bruns:Concepts and uses of the benefits approach to leisure,Jackson E L,Burton T L,editor,Leisure studies:Pros-pects for the twenty-first century,State College,Pennsylvania:Venture Publishing,1999:349-369.
[10] Feng Zhao,Jianqiang Tian,Xiaolin Wang. ASEB analysis of tropical out-of-season sports tourism products in China. Springer InternationalPublishing,2014:493-503.
[11] Wei min. A research on the development of low carbon economy in tourist attractions based on model of ASEB-C. Journal of Applied Sciences,2013,13:3909-3914.
[12] Alison J. Beeho,Richard C. Prentice. Evaluating the experiences and benefits gained by tourists visiting a socio-industrial heritage museum:An application of ASEB grid analysis to Blists hill open-air museum,the Ironbridge Gorge museum,United Kingdom. Museum Managementand Curatorship,1995,14(3):229-251.
[13] Min Wei. A research on the development of low carbon economy in tourist attractions based on model of ASEB-C. Journal of Applied Sciences,2013,13(19)
[14]刘楝子.乡村振兴战略的全域旅游:一个分析框架.改革,2017(12):80-92.
[15]郑辽吉.鸭绿江国家级风景名胜区进一步开发的几个问题.地域研究与开发,2004,23(1):42-46.
[16]郑辽吉.乡村生态体验旅游开发研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2017.
[17] A. J. Veal. The Serious Leisure Perspective and the Experience of Leisure. Leisure Sciences,2017,39(3):205-223.
[18] Anna Ostrega,Fabio De Felice,Antonella Petrillo. ANP-SWOT Approach to minimize environmental impacts due mining activities. Proceedingsof the International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process,2011.
[19]孙铭忆.层次分析法(AHP)与网络层次分析法(ANP)的比较.中外企业家,2014(10):67-68.
[20] Zheng. Lj,Liu Hq. Evaluating multifunctional agriculture in Dalishu,China:a combined application of SWOT analysis and the analytic net-work process method. Outlook On Agriculture,2013,42(2):103-108.
[21] Thomas L Saaty. Fundamentals of the analytic network process-dependence and feedback in decision-making with a single network. Journal ofSystems science and Systems engineering,2004,13(2):129-157.