种间竞争对烟粉虱和桃蚜生长发育及繁殖力的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci与桃蚜Myzus persicae的种间竞争。【方法】在(26±1)℃的条件下,设置了1∶1、1∶5和1∶10的种间竞争比例,调查烟粉虱和桃蚜的发育历期、存活率、成虫寿命及产卵/仔量情况。【结果】种间竞争延长了烟粉虱1~2龄若虫发育所需的时间,但对整个若虫期的发育速度影响不大。烟粉虱∶桃蚜为1∶1、1∶5时对烟粉虱若虫的存活率影响较小,但缩短了烟粉虱雌成虫的寿命、降低了其产卵量;而烟粉虱∶桃蚜为1∶10明显降低了烟粉虱若虫期的存活率,延长了烟粉虱雌成虫的寿命,提高了其后代繁殖量。种间竞争明显延长了桃蚜若虫期的发育时间,降低了若虫期的存活率。相对而言,桃蚜∶烟粉虱为1∶1、1∶5时,桃蚜成虫的寿命有所缩短,但对其单雌产仔量影响较小;桃蚜∶烟粉虱为1∶10显著延长了桃蚜雌成虫寿命的同时,降低了其单雌产仔量。【结论】生态位重叠的昆虫的种间竞争对昆虫种群数量影响很大,有时甚至会发生种间的竞争取代。
【Objective】To investigate the interspecific competition between Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae.【Method】Three different interspecific competition ratios(1∶1, 1∶5 and 1∶10) were established under the condition of(26±1) ℃. The development time, survival rates, adult longevity and fecundity of B.tabaci and M. persicae were investigated.【Result】For B. tabaci, interspecific competition prolonged the development time of 1 st and 2 nd instar nymphs, but had little effect on the developing rate of the whole nymphal stage. The 1∶1 and 1∶5 ratios of B. tabaci to M. persicae had little effect on the survival rate of B. tabaci nymphs, shortened the longevity of adult female, and caused a reduction in fecundity of adult females. The1∶10 ratio of B. tabaci to M. persicae clearly reduced the survival rate of B. tabaci nymphs, extended the longevity of adult females, and increased the reproductive capacity of their offsprings. For M. persicae,interspecific competition clearly prolonged the developmental time of nymphs and reduced the survival rate of nymphs. The 1∶1 and 1∶5 ratios of M. persicae to B. tabaci shortened the longevity of M. persicae adult,while had little effect on female fecundity. The 1∶10 ratio of M. persicae to B. tabaci significantly prolonged the longevity of M. persicae females, while reduced female fecundity.【Conclusion】Interspecific competition between insects with overlapping niche has a great impact on the population dynamic of insects, and sometimes even causes competitive replacement.
【Objective】To investigate the interspecific competition between Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae.【Method】Three different interspecific competition ratios(1∶1, 1∶5 and 1∶10) were established under the condition of(26±1) ℃. The development time, survival rates, adult longevity and fecundity of B.tabaci and M. persicae were investigated.【Result】For B. tabaci, interspecific competition prolonged the development time of 1 st and 2 nd instar nymphs, but had little effect on the developing rate of the whole nymphal stage. The 1∶1 and 1∶5 ratios of B. tabaci to M. persicae had little effect on the survival rate of B. tabaci nymphs, shortened the longevity of adult female, and caused a reduction in fecundity of adult females. The1∶10 ratio of B. tabaci to M. persicae clearly reduced the survival rate of B. tabaci nymphs, extended the longevity of adult females, and increased the reproductive capacity of their offsprings. For M. persicae,interspecific competition clearly prolonged the developmental time of nymphs and reduced the survival rate of nymphs. The 1∶1 and 1∶5 ratios of M. persicae to B. tabaci shortened the longevity of M. persicae adult,while had little effect on female fecundity. The 1∶10 ratio of M. persicae to B. tabaci significantly prolonged the longevity of M. persicae females, while reduced female fecundity.【Conclusion】Interspecific competition between insects with overlapping niche has a great impact on the population dynamic of insects, and sometimes even causes competitive replacement.
引文
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[22]王承香,薛明,毕明娟,等.B型烟粉虱取食诱导烟草对烟蚜防御反应的时间效应[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(3):314-322.
[23]XUE M,WANG C X,BI M J,et al.Induced defense by Bemisia tabaci biotype B(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)in tobacco against Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Environ Entomol,2010,39(3):883-891.
[2]李明桃.桃蚜的生物学特性与防治措施[J].农业灾害研究,2013,3(2):1-4.
[3]邱宝利,任顺祥,孙同兴,等.广州地区烟粉虱寄主植物调查初报[J].华南农业大学学报,2001,22(4):43-47.
[4]杜以梅,孙伟,刘晓娜,等.B型烟粉虱对不同茄子品种的选择及适生性分析[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(1):80-88.
[5]胡玲玲,刘勇,徐洪富,等.桃蚜、萝卜蚜的种内密度和种间竞争效应[J].华东昆虫学报,2004(1):77-80.
[6]KAPLAN I,DENNO R F.Interspecific interactions in phytophagous insects revisited:A quantitative assessment of competition theory[J].Ecol Lett,2007,10(10):977-994.
[7]岳臻,郅军锐,胡窕.西花蓟马与二斑叶螨的种间竞争关系[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(2):65-69.
[8]DENNO R F,MCCLURE M S,OTT J R.Interspecific interactions in phytophagous insects:Competition reex- amined and resurrected[J].Annu Rev Entomol,1995,40(1):297-331.
[9]LAWTON J H,STRONG D R.Community patterns and competition in folivorous insects[J].Am Nat,1981,118(3):317-338.
[10]AWMACK C S,LEATHER S R.Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects[J].Annu Rev Entomol,2002,47(1):817-844.
[11]BRUNO J F,STACHOWICZ J J,BERTNESS M D.Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2003,18(3):119-125.
[12]王健立,李洪刚,冯志国,等.西花蓟马与烟蓟马在紫甘蓝上的种间竞争[J].中国农业科学,2011,42(24):5006-5012.
[13]张金龙,闫振华,方薛交,等.瓜实蝇与南亚实蝇产卵选择性及种间竞争研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(3):1-6.
[14]SHEN K,HU J,WU B,et al.Competitive interactions between immature stages of Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett)and Bactrocera tau(Walker)(Diptera:Tephritidae)under laboratory conditions[J].Neotrop Entomol,2014,43(4):335-343.
[15]FRIZZI F,BARTALESI V,SANTINI G.Combined effects of temperature and interspecific competition on the mortality of the invasive garden ant,Lasius neglectus:Alaboratory study[J].J Therm Biol,2017,65:76-81.
[16]LIU H,ZHANG C,HOU B H,et al.Interspecific competition between Ceratitis capitata and two Bactrocera spp.(Diptera:Tephritidae)evaluated via adult behavioral interference under laboratory conditions[J].J Econ Entomol,2017,110(3):1145-1155.
[17]MATSUMURA M,SUZUKI Y.Direct and feeding-induced interactions between two rice planthoppers,Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens:Effects on dispersal capability and performance[J].Ecol Entomol,2003,28(2):174-182.
[18]王丽萍,吕进,曹婷婷,等.褐飞虱与灰飞虱间接种内和种间效应的比较研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(1):177-183.
[19]BAUMG?RRTNER J,DELUCCHI V,VON ARX R,et al.Whitefly(Bemisia tabaci genn.,stern.:Aleyrodidae)infestation patterns as influenced by cotton,weather and Heliothis:Hypotheses testing by using simulation models[J].Agr Ecosyst Environ,1986,17(1/2):49-59.
[20]INBAR M,DOOSTDAR H,LEIBEE G L,et al.The role of plant rapidly induced responses in asymmetric interspecific interactions among insect herbivores[J].J Chem Ecol,1999,25(8):1961-1979.
[21]米宏彬,单红伟,张世泽,等.B型烟粉虱为害甘蓝后对菜粉蝶幼期发育的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012(12):57-62.
[22]王承香,薛明,毕明娟,等.B型烟粉虱取食诱导烟草对烟蚜防御反应的时间效应[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(3):314-322.
[23]XUE M,WANG C X,BI M J,et al.Induced defense by Bemisia tabaci biotype B(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)in tobacco against Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Environ Entomol,2010,39(3):883-891.