基于多层次复杂度的工时定额综合研究
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摘要
为研究"人—机—操作"大规模定制生产模式下的工时定额,综合分析生产过程中零件自身特征、作业要素使用和操作执行过程,提出一种基于"零件特征—作业要素—操作者认知"多层次复杂度的工时定额计算方法。针对零件特征层,利用拓扑结构、精度等级和切削量等参数衡量零件的拓扑结构复杂度和工艺属性复杂度;针对作业要素层和操作者认知层,分析了不同工艺类型下的设备、场地等作业要素和人员操作认知过程,引入信息熵评价生产要素复杂度和操作认知复杂度。在此基础上综合考虑加工批量的影响,通过多层次复杂度计算,借助多元非线性回归分析研究了工时定额预测模型。针对某生产企业开展案例分析,并与模特法进行对比实验,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。
To study man hour of mass customization production with "man-machine-operation",the characteristics of parts,the use of task elements and the process of operation were analyzed.A method of calculating man hour based on multi-level complexity of"part feature-task element-operator cognition"was proposed.According to the level of parts feature,the topological structure complexity and process complexity were measured by the topological structure,the precision grade and the cutting quantity.According to the level of task elements and operator cognition,the equipment,site and personnel operation cognition process under different process types were analyzed.The information entropy was introduced to evaluate the complexity of task elements and operation cognition.Considering the impact of processing batch and multi-level complexity calculation,through multivariate nonlinear regression analysis,the prediction model of man hour quota was researched.A case study of a manufacturing enterprise and the comparative experiment with MOD verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
To study man hour of mass customization production with "man-machine-operation",the characteristics of parts,the use of task elements and the process of operation were analyzed.A method of calculating man hour based on multi-level complexity of"part feature-task element-operator cognition"was proposed.According to the level of parts feature,the topological structure complexity and process complexity were measured by the topological structure,the precision grade and the cutting quantity.According to the level of task elements and operator cognition,the equipment,site and personnel operation cognition process under different process types were analyzed.The information entropy was introduced to evaluate the complexity of task elements and operation cognition.Considering the impact of processing batch and multi-level complexity calculation,through multivariate nonlinear regression analysis,the prediction model of man hour quota was researched.A case study of a manufacturing enterprise and the comparative experiment with MOD verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
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[14]KONG Fansen,YE Zhenggeng.Research on evaluation method framework model of production job operability[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(4):198-208(in Chinese).[孔繁森,叶正梗.生产作业可操作性评价理论方法框架模型研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(4):198-208.]
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[16]HE Fei.Comploxity of assembly manufacturing system with its application[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2010(in Chinese).[何非.装配制造系统复杂特性建模及其应用研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2010.]
[16]LI Yajie,HE Weiping,DONG Rong,et al.Man-hour forecasting and evolution based on MES data collection[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(11):2810-2818(in Chinese).[李亚杰,何卫平,董蓉,等.基于制造执行系统数据采集的工时预测与进化[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(11):2810-2818.]
[17]DONG Fengshou,ZHANG Zhenming,JIA Xiaoliang,et al.The standard time calculation based on typical operation[J].Machiney Design&Manufacture,2006,10(10):174-176(in Chinese).[董丰收,张振明,贾晓亮,等.基于典型工序的工时定额制定方法[J].机械设计与制造,2006,10(10):174-176.]
[18]CHEN Youling,RAN Jian,WANG Yao.Method for determining labor hour in mass customization based on complexity of product structure[J].Application Research of Computers,2015,32(6):1703-1706(in Chinese).[陈友玲,阮键,王尧.大规模定制环境下基于产品结构复杂度的工时定额制定研究[J].计算机应用研究,2015,32(6):1703-1706.]
[19]YE Zhenggeng,CUI Jiachao,ZHOU Fuli.Man-hour Estimation model based on standard operation unit for flexible manufacturing system[EB/OL].[2018-01-16].https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2017/14/matecconf_gcmm2017_02017.pdf.
[20]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,LIN Yun.Production effectiveness-based system reliability calculation of serial manufacturing with checking machine[J].Journal of Compurters,2016,27(3):201-211.
[2]WEI Junmin,JIN Sun,LIN Zhongqin,et al.Evaluating the similarity of components for product family design[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2007,41(8):1218-1222(in Chinese).[韦俊民,金隼,林忠钦,等.产品族设计中的零件相似性评价方法[J].上海交通大学学報,2007,41(8):1218-1222.]
[3]YANG Qinghai,QI Guoning,HUANG Zheren,et al.Evaluation method of machine hour of part based on case-based reasoning and SML[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2007,43(5):99-105(in Chinese).[杨青海,祁国宁,黄哲人,等.基于案例推理和事物特性表的零件工时估算方法[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(5):99-105.]
[4]CHEN Youling,REN Xiaojie.Time-quota computing method based on similarity coefficient of process[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2014,20(4):866-872(in Chinese).[陈友玲,任晓杰.基于工序相似系数的工时计算方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2014,20(4):866-872.]
[5]CHEN Youling,LI Yi.Study on time-quota based on degree of part customization in MC environment[J].Application Research of Computers,2015,32(2):443-446(in Chinese).[陈友玲,李祎.MC环境下基于零件定制程度的工时定额研究[J].计算机应用研究,2015,32(2):443-446.]
[6]CHEN Youling,WANG Yao,XIE Shuhong.Labor hour estimation in mass customization based on part complexity model[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(2):477-484(in Chinese).[陈友玲,王尧,谢淑红.大规模定制环境下基于零件复杂度模型的工时估算[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(2):477-484.]
[7]NAKAYAMA S I,NAKAYAMA K I,NAKAYAMA H.Astudy on setting standard time using work achievement quotient[J].International Journal of Production Research,2002,40(15):3945-3953.
[8]YIN Xiaoqing,ZHANG Di,HUANG Wen.Standard time research based on staff's work enthusiasm level index[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2014,20(8):1980-1986(in Chinese).[尹小庆,张迪,黄文.基于员工工作积极性等级指数的标准时间研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2014,20(8):1980-1986.]
[9]CHEN Youling,GU Mengyao,WANG Jianbin.Method for determining standard time based on staff's knowledge level index[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(10):2768-2776(in Chinese).[陈友玲,谷梦瑶,汪建斌.基于员工知识水平等级指数的标准时间制定方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(10):2768-2776.]
[10]ZOU Shuliang,YU Xiaoren,XIANG Hong,et al.A review of methods for setting standard working hours in manufacturing industry[J].Journal of University of South China:Social Science Edition,2014,15(4):61-65(in Chinese).[邹树梁,余潇韧,向虹,等.制造业标准工时制定方法研究现状及展望[J].南华大学学报:社会科学版,2014,15(4):61-65.]
[11]LIU Changqing,LI Yingguang,WANG Wei,et al.Feature based man-hour forecasting model for aircraft structure parts NC machining[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2011,17(10):2156-2162(in Chinese).[刘长青,李迎光,王伟,等.基于特征的飞机结构件数控加工工时预测模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(10):2156-2162.]
[12]LIU Peng,LI Zhizhong.Task complexity:a review and conceptualization framework[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2012,42(6):553-568.
[13]HAM D H,PARK J,JUNG W.Model-based identification and use of task complexity factors of human integrated systems[J].Reliability Engineering&System Safety,2012,100:33-47.
[14]KONG Fansen,YE Zhenggeng.Research on evaluation method framework model of production job operability[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(4):198-208(in Chinese).[孔繁森,叶正梗.生产作业可操作性评价理论方法框架模型研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(4):198-208.]
[15]MOWSHOWITZ A,DEHMER M.Entropy and the complexity of graphs revisited[J].Entropy,2012,14(3):559-570.
[16]HE Fei.Comploxity of assembly manufacturing system with its application[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2010(in Chinese).[何非.装配制造系统复杂特性建模及其应用研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2010.]
[16]LI Yajie,HE Weiping,DONG Rong,et al.Man-hour forecasting and evolution based on MES data collection[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(11):2810-2818(in Chinese).[李亚杰,何卫平,董蓉,等.基于制造执行系统数据采集的工时预测与进化[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(11):2810-2818.]
[17]DONG Fengshou,ZHANG Zhenming,JIA Xiaoliang,et al.The standard time calculation based on typical operation[J].Machiney Design&Manufacture,2006,10(10):174-176(in Chinese).[董丰收,张振明,贾晓亮,等.基于典型工序的工时定额制定方法[J].机械设计与制造,2006,10(10):174-176.]
[18]CHEN Youling,RAN Jian,WANG Yao.Method for determining labor hour in mass customization based on complexity of product structure[J].Application Research of Computers,2015,32(6):1703-1706(in Chinese).[陈友玲,阮键,王尧.大规模定制环境下基于产品结构复杂度的工时定额制定研究[J].计算机应用研究,2015,32(6):1703-1706.]
[19]YE Zhenggeng,CUI Jiachao,ZHOU Fuli.Man-hour Estimation model based on standard operation unit for flexible manufacturing system[EB/OL].[2018-01-16].https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2017/14/matecconf_gcmm2017_02017.pdf.
[20]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,LIN Yun.Production effectiveness-based system reliability calculation of serial manufacturing with checking machine[J].Journal of Compurters,2016,27(3):201-211.