产学研合作对战略性新兴产业创新绩效影响研究——来自江苏省企业层面的证据
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摘要
产学研合作是战略性新兴产业发展的重要环节,其合作创新绩效受诸多因素影响,尤其是政府研发补贴方式和企业技术吸收能力。利用江苏省4833家有研发经费支出的战略性新兴产业微观企业数据进行实证分析,结果显示,政府研发补贴、企业技术吸收能力、大企业虚拟变量与产学研合作之间的交互效应对战略性新兴产业创新绩效都具有稳健而显著的正向影响,不具备上述特征的企业开展产学研合作对企业创新绩效具有稳健而显著的负面影响。结合现行的产学研合作治理方式,建议政府应依据企业创新能力差异灵活运用研发补贴方式,引导技术吸收能力强的大企业牵头组建以自身为主导的长期产学研合作创新联盟,引导技术吸收能力弱的大企业组建产学研合作研发公司,引导有技术前景的中小企业建立自己的研发机构。
Industry-University-Institute cooperation is an important link in the development of the strategic emerging industries, but its cooperative innovation performance is influenced by many factors,especially the way of government R&D subsidies and the corporate capacity to absorb technology. By making use of the micro-enterprise data of the strategic emerging industries from 4833 enterprises in Jiangsu province which have R&D expenditures, this paper conducts an empirical analysis. The results show that the interactive effect between government R&D subsidies, corporate technological absorptive capacity, virtual variables of large enterprises and the industry-university-research cooperation has a significant and robust positive impact on the innovation performance of strategic emerging industries.Enterprises carrying out the industry-university-research cooperation but without the above characteristics have a significant and robust negative effect on their corporate innovation performance. Combined with the current governance mode of industry-university-research cooperation, this paper proposes that the government should use R&D subsidies flexibly according to the differences of corporate innovative capacity, guide the large enterprises with strong technical absorption capacity to lead the establishment of long-term industry-university-research cooperative innovation alliances dominated by themselves,guide the large enterprises with weak technical absorption capacity to set up industry-university-research cooperative research and development companies, and guide SMEs with technical prospects to establish their own R & D institutions.
Industry-University-Institute cooperation is an important link in the development of the strategic emerging industries, but its cooperative innovation performance is influenced by many factors,especially the way of government R&D subsidies and the corporate capacity to absorb technology. By making use of the micro-enterprise data of the strategic emerging industries from 4833 enterprises in Jiangsu province which have R&D expenditures, this paper conducts an empirical analysis. The results show that the interactive effect between government R&D subsidies, corporate technological absorptive capacity, virtual variables of large enterprises and the industry-university-research cooperation has a significant and robust positive impact on the innovation performance of strategic emerging industries.Enterprises carrying out the industry-university-research cooperation but without the above characteristics have a significant and robust negative effect on their corporate innovation performance. Combined with the current governance mode of industry-university-research cooperation, this paper proposes that the government should use R&D subsidies flexibly according to the differences of corporate innovative capacity, guide the large enterprises with strong technical absorption capacity to lead the establishment of long-term industry-university-research cooperative innovation alliances dominated by themselves,guide the large enterprises with weak technical absorption capacity to set up industry-university-research cooperative research and development companies, and guide SMEs with technical prospects to establish their own R & D institutions.
引文
[1]Grossman G.M.,Helpman E..Outsourcing versus FDI in Industry Equilibrium[J].Journal of the European Economic Association.2003,1(2-3):317-327.
[2]Mansfield E..Academic Research and Industrial Innovation[J].Research Policy,1991,(20):1-12.
[3]Cohen W.M.,Nelson R.R.,Walsh J..Links and Impacts:The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D[J].Management Science,2002,(48):1-23.
[4]杨以文,郑江淮,黄永春.需求规模、渠道控制与战略性新兴产业发展——基于长三角企业调研数据的实证分析[J].南方经济,2012,(7):78-86.
[5]张玉赋,高凯,孙琳,王君.江苏省产学研合作主要问题及其原因分析研究[J].科技管理研究,2012,(11):70-78.
[6]杨以文,郑江淮,任志成.产学研合作、自主创新与战略性新兴产业发展——基于长三角企业调研数据的分析[J].经济与管理研究,2012,(10):64-73.
[7]Tassey G..Underinvestment in Public Good Technologies[J].Journal of Technology Transfer,2005,(30):89-113.
[8]樊霞,何悦,朱桂龙.产学研合作与企业内部研发的互补性关系研究——基于广东省部产学研合作的实证[J].科学学研究,2011,(5):764-770.
[9]陈光华,梁嘉明,杨国梁.企业吸收能力、政府研发资助与外部知识获取对产学研创新绩效的影响研究[J].中国科技论坛,2014,(7):68-74.
[10]梁耀明,张叶平,王浩.产学研合作绩效综合评价研究——基于广东省部院产学研合作项目的实证[J].科技进步与对策,2014,(5):118-122.
[11]Becker W.,Peters J..Technological Opportunities,Absorptive Capacities and Innovation[R].Discussion Paper Series,University Augsburg,No.195,2000.
[12]吴福象,王新新.行业集中度、规模差异与创新绩效——基于GVC模式下要素集聚对战略性新兴产业创新绩效影响的实证分析[J].上海经济研究,2011,(7):69-76.
[13]Eom B.Y.,Lee K..Determinants of Industry Academy Linkages and Their Impact on Firm Performance:The Case of Korea as a Latecomer in Knowledge Industrialization[J].Research Policy,2010,(39):625-639.
[14]吴玉鸣.大学、企业研发与首都区域创新的局域空间计量分析[J].科学学研究,2006,(6):398-404.
[15]王浩,梁耀明.产学研合作绩效评价研究综述[J].科技管理研究,2011,(11):56-62.
[16]陆国庆,王舟,张春宇.中国战略性新兴产业政府创新补贴的绩效研究[J].经济研究,2014,(7):44-55.
(1)数据来源于《中国科技统计年鉴2015》,其中研发经费总支出等于研发经费内外支出之和。
(1)江苏省宿迁市首次颁发《关于印发宿迁市科技创新券实施管理办法(试行)的通知》(宿政办发[2012]1194号)。
(2)数据来源:《中国高技术产业统计年鉴》(2010-2015)。
(1)从实证分析的可信度角度来看,必须承认尽管数据截面较大,但仅1年数据实在比较薄弱。考虑到基于统计数据对产学研合作与我国战略性新兴产业创新绩效关系研究,本文尚述首次,因此本文且做铺垫性研究。
(2)在国家层面,一个部门的R&D经费外部支出就成为另一个部门的内部支出,如采用R&D经费内外支出来计算,就出现重复计算;如采用主营业务收入或总产值计算,存在中间投入品的重复计算。在产业层面,用R&D经费内外支出,存在企业与企业间的合作研发的重复计算,但比重较小,对整体的影响不大;由于微观企业数据不上报增加值,统计部门对产业层面增加值也不披露,因此采用主营业务收入比较合适。
(1)严格来说,用专利授权量更能够代表企业的有效知识生产量,然而我们无法获得企业层面的专利授权量数据。
(2)后三个产业平均每个产业的R&D经费内外支出和是前4个产业的1.47倍,而获得的政府资金规模仅有1.03倍。
[2]Mansfield E..Academic Research and Industrial Innovation[J].Research Policy,1991,(20):1-12.
[3]Cohen W.M.,Nelson R.R.,Walsh J..Links and Impacts:The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D[J].Management Science,2002,(48):1-23.
[4]杨以文,郑江淮,黄永春.需求规模、渠道控制与战略性新兴产业发展——基于长三角企业调研数据的实证分析[J].南方经济,2012,(7):78-86.
[5]张玉赋,高凯,孙琳,王君.江苏省产学研合作主要问题及其原因分析研究[J].科技管理研究,2012,(11):70-78.
[6]杨以文,郑江淮,任志成.产学研合作、自主创新与战略性新兴产业发展——基于长三角企业调研数据的分析[J].经济与管理研究,2012,(10):64-73.
[7]Tassey G..Underinvestment in Public Good Technologies[J].Journal of Technology Transfer,2005,(30):89-113.
[8]樊霞,何悦,朱桂龙.产学研合作与企业内部研发的互补性关系研究——基于广东省部产学研合作的实证[J].科学学研究,2011,(5):764-770.
[9]陈光华,梁嘉明,杨国梁.企业吸收能力、政府研发资助与外部知识获取对产学研创新绩效的影响研究[J].中国科技论坛,2014,(7):68-74.
[10]梁耀明,张叶平,王浩.产学研合作绩效综合评价研究——基于广东省部院产学研合作项目的实证[J].科技进步与对策,2014,(5):118-122.
[11]Becker W.,Peters J..Technological Opportunities,Absorptive Capacities and Innovation[R].Discussion Paper Series,University Augsburg,No.195,2000.
[12]吴福象,王新新.行业集中度、规模差异与创新绩效——基于GVC模式下要素集聚对战略性新兴产业创新绩效影响的实证分析[J].上海经济研究,2011,(7):69-76.
[13]Eom B.Y.,Lee K..Determinants of Industry Academy Linkages and Their Impact on Firm Performance:The Case of Korea as a Latecomer in Knowledge Industrialization[J].Research Policy,2010,(39):625-639.
[14]吴玉鸣.大学、企业研发与首都区域创新的局域空间计量分析[J].科学学研究,2006,(6):398-404.
[15]王浩,梁耀明.产学研合作绩效评价研究综述[J].科技管理研究,2011,(11):56-62.
[16]陆国庆,王舟,张春宇.中国战略性新兴产业政府创新补贴的绩效研究[J].经济研究,2014,(7):44-55.
(1)数据来源于《中国科技统计年鉴2015》,其中研发经费总支出等于研发经费内外支出之和。
(1)江苏省宿迁市首次颁发《关于印发宿迁市科技创新券实施管理办法(试行)的通知》(宿政办发[2012]1194号)。
(2)数据来源:《中国高技术产业统计年鉴》(2010-2015)。
(1)从实证分析的可信度角度来看,必须承认尽管数据截面较大,但仅1年数据实在比较薄弱。考虑到基于统计数据对产学研合作与我国战略性新兴产业创新绩效关系研究,本文尚述首次,因此本文且做铺垫性研究。
(2)在国家层面,一个部门的R&D经费外部支出就成为另一个部门的内部支出,如采用R&D经费内外支出来计算,就出现重复计算;如采用主营业务收入或总产值计算,存在中间投入品的重复计算。在产业层面,用R&D经费内外支出,存在企业与企业间的合作研发的重复计算,但比重较小,对整体的影响不大;由于微观企业数据不上报增加值,统计部门对产业层面增加值也不披露,因此采用主营业务收入比较合适。
(1)严格来说,用专利授权量更能够代表企业的有效知识生产量,然而我们无法获得企业层面的专利授权量数据。
(2)后三个产业平均每个产业的R&D经费内外支出和是前4个产业的1.47倍,而获得的政府资金规模仅有1.03倍。