产学研合作的知识势差与知识产权风险研究
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摘要
对于产学研合作过程中的知识产权风险,目前学者主要是从法律角度研究企业面临的知识产权冲突,而鲜有从管理学角度对知识产权风险进行深入的探索。有鉴于此,本文通过分析产学研合作中企业与学研方的知识势差对知识产权风险的影响,并引入合作治理方式对知识共享的过程进行控制,构建产学研合作双方的知识势差与知识产权风险关系模型。通过对213份有效问卷的数据实证分析,结果表明,知识势差对知识产权风险存在正向显著影响;合作治理的不同方式对知识产权风险的影响存在差异,并在知识势差与知识产权风险关系中存在调节作用。
For the intellectual property risk in industry-university-institute cooperation,the scholars were mainly studying the legal conflict of intellectual property faced by enterprises from the perspective of law,and relatively few researches were conducted on risks of intellectual property from the viewpoint of management in-depth study. In view of this,through analyzing the relationship of knowledge potential difference between enterprises and researchers in the process of cooperation,the paper studies the intellectual property risks in the cooperation. The process of cooperative governance is introduced as a critical variable to construct a theoretical model exploring the relationship among knowledge potential,intellectual property risk and two dimensions of cooperative governance. Then 213 questionnaires were collected and analyzed to verify our hypotheses. Statistic analysis shows that knowledge potential difference has a significant effect on the risk of intellectual property; cooperative governance has different influence on the risk of intellectual property in terms of its two dimensions; cooperative governance also plays a moderate role in the relationship between knowledge potential and intellectual property risk.
For the intellectual property risk in industry-university-institute cooperation,the scholars were mainly studying the legal conflict of intellectual property faced by enterprises from the perspective of law,and relatively few researches were conducted on risks of intellectual property from the viewpoint of management in-depth study. In view of this,through analyzing the relationship of knowledge potential difference between enterprises and researchers in the process of cooperation,the paper studies the intellectual property risks in the cooperation. The process of cooperative governance is introduced as a critical variable to construct a theoretical model exploring the relationship among knowledge potential,intellectual property risk and two dimensions of cooperative governance. Then 213 questionnaires were collected and analyzed to verify our hypotheses. Statistic analysis shows that knowledge potential difference has a significant effect on the risk of intellectual property; cooperative governance has different influence on the risk of intellectual property in terms of its two dimensions; cooperative governance also plays a moderate role in the relationship between knowledge potential and intellectual property risk.
引文
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[17]何瑞卿,黄瑞华,徐志强.合作研发中的知识产权风险及其阶段表现[J].研究与发展管理,2006,18(6):77-82.He R Q,Huang R H,Xu Z Q.Intellectual property risk in cooperative R&D and it’s forms in each cooperation stage[J].R&D Management,2006,18(6):77-82.
[18]费钟琳.集群知识治理研究[D].东南大学,2015.Fei Z L.Research on cluster’s knowledge governance[D].Southeast University,2015.
[19]任志安.超越知识管理:知识治理理论的概念、框架及应用[J].科研管理,2007,28(1):20-26.Ren Z A.Go beyond knowledge management:Conceptions,framework and application of knowledge governance theory[J].Science Research Management 2007,28(1):20-26.
[20]Gooderham P,Minbaeva D B,Pedersen T.Governance mechanisms for the promotion of social capital for knowledge transfer in multinational corporations[J].Journal of Management Studies,2011,48(1):123-150.
[21]Das T K,Teng B S.Trust,control,and risk in strategic alliances:An integrated framework[J].Organization Studies,2001,22(2):251-283.
[22]Kraaijenbrink J,Wijnhoven F.Managing heterogeneous knowledge:A theory of external knowledge integration[J].Knowledge Management Research&Practice,2008,6(4):274-286.
[23]Lee Y,Cavusgil S T.Enhancing alliance performance:The effects of contractual-based versus relational-based governance[J].Journal of Business Research,2006,59(8):896-905.
[24]姚伟,郭鹏,佟泽华,李耀昌.国外知识交流研究进展[J].图书情报工作,2011,55(2):112-116.Yao W,Guo P,Tong Z H,Li Y C.Research process of overseas knowledge exchange[J].Library and Information Service,2011,55(2):112-116.
[25]陈伟,潘伟,杨早立.知识势差对知识治理绩效的影响机理研究[J].科学学研究,2013,31(12):1864-1871.Chen W,Pan W,Yang Z L.Impact mechanism of knowledge potential difference on knowledge governance performance[J].Studies in Science of Science,2013,31(12):1864-1871.
[26]Bierly P,Chakrabarti A.Generic knowledge strategies in the U.S.pharmaceutical industry-knowledge and strategychapter 13[J].Strategic Management Journal,2015,17(S2):123-135.
[27]Moorman C,Miner A S.The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1997,34(1):91-106.
[28]刘景东,党兴华.不同知识位势下知识获取方式与突变创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2013,25(7):88-98.Liu J D,Dang X H.Research on the relationship of knowledge acquisition modes and radical innovation under different levels of knowledge potential[J].Management Review,2013,25(7):88-98.
[29]张克英,黄瑞华.伙伴机会主义行为引发的知识产权风险分析[J].科学学研究,2007,25(4):740-744.Zhang K Y,Huang R H.Analysis of intellectual property risk caused by partner’s opportunistic behavior[J].Studies in Science of Science,2007,25(4):740-744.
[2]多萝西·伦纳德·巴顿.知识与创新[M].新华出版社,2000.Dorothy Leonard-Barton.Wellsprings of knowledge:Building and sustaining the sources of innovation[M].Xinhua Publishing House,2000.
[3]宋春艳.产学研协同创新中知识产权共享的风险与防控[J].科学管理研究,2016,34(1):18-21.Song C Y.The sharing risk of intellectual property and control in the collaborative innovation of learning with research and production[J].Scientific Management Research,2016,34(1):18-21.
[4]张克英,黄瑞华,汪忠.基于合作创新的知识产权风险影响因素分析——理论分析框架[J].管理评论,2006,18(5):9-14.Zhang K Y,Huang R H and Wang Z.Cooperative-Innovation-based analysis of the factors that influence intellectual property risk:A theoretical framework[J].Management Review,2006,18(5):9-14.
[5]彭希.基于知识位势的企业创新网络中知识流量测度研究[D].中南大学,2009.Peng X,Knowledge flow measurement in firm’s innovation network from perspective of potential difference[D].Central South University,2009.
[6]杜静,魏江.知识存量的增长机理分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004,25(1):24-27.Du J,Wei J.Growth mechanism of knowledge stock[J].Science of Science and Management of S.&T.,2004,25(1):24-27.
[7]张睿,于渤,赖胜才.技术联盟组织间知识转移动因与类型研究[J].情报杂志,2010,29(1):143-146.Zhang R,Yu B,Lai S C.Influencing factors style on effectiveness of knowledge transfer within technology alliances[J].Journal of Intelligence,2010,29(1):143-146.
[8]Griliches Z,Hausman J A.Errors in variables in panel data[J].Journal of Econometrics,1984,31(1):93-118.
[9]魏心镇,王緝慈.新的产业空间:高技术产业开发区的发展与布局[M].北京大学出版社,1993.Wei X Z,Wang J C.New industrial space:Development anddistribution of high-tech industrial development zone[M].Peking University Press,1993.
[10]张玉杰.技术转移势差论[J].开放导报,1999(10):22-24.Zhang Y J.Potential difference theory of technology transfer[J].China Opening Herald,1999(10):22-24.
[11]高萍.企业集群条件下的知识流动分析[D].北京工业大学,2004.Gao P.Knowledge flow analysis in firm’s cluster[D].Beijing University of Technology,2004.
[12]党兴华,李莉.技术创新合作中基于知识位势的知识创造模型研究[J].中国软科学,2005(11):143-148.Dang X H,Li L,Research on knowledge creation model in the technology innovation cooperation based on the perspective of knowledge potential[J].China Soft Science,2005(11):143-148.
[13]Hannah D R.Keeping trade secrets secret[J].Mit Sloan Management Review,2006,47(3):17-20.
[14]Cani3ls M C J,Verspagen B.Barriers to knowledge spillovers and regional convergence in an evolutionary model[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2001,11(3):307-329.
[15]韩海勇.企业间合作创新知识产权风险控制研究[D].中北大学,2014.Han H Y.Intellectual property risk control in cooperative innovation between firms[D].North University of China,2014.
[16]张克英,郭伟,陈凯亮.机会主义行为引发的知识产权风险防范对策[J].西安工程大学学报,2008,22(2):237-241.Zhang K Y,Guo W,Chen K L.Safeguarding measures to intellectual property risk caused by opportunistic behavior[J].Journal of Xi’an Polytechnic University,2008,22(2):237-241.
[17]何瑞卿,黄瑞华,徐志强.合作研发中的知识产权风险及其阶段表现[J].研究与发展管理,2006,18(6):77-82.He R Q,Huang R H,Xu Z Q.Intellectual property risk in cooperative R&D and it’s forms in each cooperation stage[J].R&D Management,2006,18(6):77-82.
[18]费钟琳.集群知识治理研究[D].东南大学,2015.Fei Z L.Research on cluster’s knowledge governance[D].Southeast University,2015.
[19]任志安.超越知识管理:知识治理理论的概念、框架及应用[J].科研管理,2007,28(1):20-26.Ren Z A.Go beyond knowledge management:Conceptions,framework and application of knowledge governance theory[J].Science Research Management 2007,28(1):20-26.
[20]Gooderham P,Minbaeva D B,Pedersen T.Governance mechanisms for the promotion of social capital for knowledge transfer in multinational corporations[J].Journal of Management Studies,2011,48(1):123-150.
[21]Das T K,Teng B S.Trust,control,and risk in strategic alliances:An integrated framework[J].Organization Studies,2001,22(2):251-283.
[22]Kraaijenbrink J,Wijnhoven F.Managing heterogeneous knowledge:A theory of external knowledge integration[J].Knowledge Management Research&Practice,2008,6(4):274-286.
[23]Lee Y,Cavusgil S T.Enhancing alliance performance:The effects of contractual-based versus relational-based governance[J].Journal of Business Research,2006,59(8):896-905.
[24]姚伟,郭鹏,佟泽华,李耀昌.国外知识交流研究进展[J].图书情报工作,2011,55(2):112-116.Yao W,Guo P,Tong Z H,Li Y C.Research process of overseas knowledge exchange[J].Library and Information Service,2011,55(2):112-116.
[25]陈伟,潘伟,杨早立.知识势差对知识治理绩效的影响机理研究[J].科学学研究,2013,31(12):1864-1871.Chen W,Pan W,Yang Z L.Impact mechanism of knowledge potential difference on knowledge governance performance[J].Studies in Science of Science,2013,31(12):1864-1871.
[26]Bierly P,Chakrabarti A.Generic knowledge strategies in the U.S.pharmaceutical industry-knowledge and strategychapter 13[J].Strategic Management Journal,2015,17(S2):123-135.
[27]Moorman C,Miner A S.The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1997,34(1):91-106.
[28]刘景东,党兴华.不同知识位势下知识获取方式与突变创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2013,25(7):88-98.Liu J D,Dang X H.Research on the relationship of knowledge acquisition modes and radical innovation under different levels of knowledge potential[J].Management Review,2013,25(7):88-98.
[29]张克英,黄瑞华.伙伴机会主义行为引发的知识产权风险分析[J].科学学研究,2007,25(4):740-744.Zhang K Y,Huang R H.Analysis of intellectual property risk caused by partner’s opportunistic behavior[J].Studies in Science of Science,2007,25(4):740-744.