产权清晰与效率增进:以公车制度改革为例
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摘要
产权清晰与主体权责利的一致程度高度相关。多元主体组织相较于单一主体组织,产权清晰存在更多的困难。开始于20世纪90年代初的我国公车制度改革,先后在全国各地出现了从加强管理到市场化(或称半货币化)改革再到货币化改革的三种不同模式,其实质就是不断提高公车使用人在使用中的权责利的一致程度,即提高公车使用中的产权清晰度。作为公车制度改革最新模式的货币化改革模式之所以会取代其他两种模式成为目前国内普遍采用的模式,不仅在于其在使作为公车使用人的公务人员承担的权责利的一致程度上最高,而且在于它通过公车使用人的自主选择提高了消费效率并进而在保证公车使用人因公服务用车需求的前提下降低了公车制度的运行费用,提高了制度的效率。
The clarity of property rights is highly related with the rights,responsibilities and interests of the subject.Compared to single subject organizations,multiple subject organizations have more difficulties in clarifying property rights.Starting from the beginning of the 1990s,China’s reform of official car system has experienced three modes earlier or later across the country,i.e.,from strengthening management,to marketization(or called half-monetized)reform,then to monetized reform;its essence is to improve continuously the consistent degree between the user of the official car and his rights,responsibilities and interests in using the car,namely,to clarify the property rights of the cars when being used.As the newest mode of the reform of official car system,the reason why the monetized reform mode has replaced the other two modes and become the mode widely adopted throughout the country at present is that it not only let the public officials who use the official cars bear the highest consistent degree of their rights,responsibilities and interests,but also through the independent choice of the users of the official cars it can improve the consumption efficiency,further reduce the operating costs of the official car system and improve the institutional efficiency in the premise of meeting the requirements for cars for official duties.
The clarity of property rights is highly related with the rights,responsibilities and interests of the subject.Compared to single subject organizations,multiple subject organizations have more difficulties in clarifying property rights.Starting from the beginning of the 1990s,China’s reform of official car system has experienced three modes earlier or later across the country,i.e.,from strengthening management,to marketization(or called half-monetized)reform,then to monetized reform;its essence is to improve continuously the consistent degree between the user of the official car and his rights,responsibilities and interests in using the car,namely,to clarify the property rights of the cars when being used.As the newest mode of the reform of official car system,the reason why the monetized reform mode has replaced the other two modes and become the mode widely adopted throughout the country at present is that it not only let the public officials who use the official cars bear the highest consistent degree of their rights,responsibilities and interests,but also through the independent choice of the users of the official cars it can improve the consumption efficiency,further reduce the operating costs of the official car system and improve the institutional efficiency in the premise of meeting the requirements for cars for official duties.
引文
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[2]扶洁.从政府成本的视角论公车改革[J].襄阳职业技术学院学报,2015,(6):46-49.
[3]袁涌波.公车改革攻坚:三种改革方案的比较及启示[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2011,(4):5-10.
[4]潘永.略论产权清晰标准[J].前沿,2005,(1):47-50.
[5]许其高.产权清晰:理论分析及对乡镇企业改制的建议[J].甘肃农业,2005,(2):59-60.
[6]王佳,张千.从产权清晰角度论我国国有企业改革[J].山西财经大学学报,2006,(4):6-8.
[7]袁庆明,吕翔翔.产权清晰与交易费用:以广州垃圾收费制度为例[J].江西财经大学学报,2013,(6):5-12.
[8]阿尔钦,德姆塞茨.财产权利与制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联书店,1994.
[9]张五常.经济解释[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[10]陈潇兵.关于市级机关公车改革的实证分析与模式选择[J].经济师,2010,(7):42-43.
[11]杨正莲.公车改革的昆明之困[N].财经国家周刊,2014-02-18.
[12]王洪江.公车改革何去何从?[J].浙江统计,2009,(9):19-21.
[13]许超,杨晓芳.货币化公车改革模式评估与思考[J].商业时代,2011,(14):97-98.
[14]王斌.公车改革:“改”出来的加速度[N].中国经济导报,2018-04-11(001).
[15]弗鲁博顿,芮切特.新制度经济学[M].上海:上海三联书店,2006.
[16]袁庆明,袁天睿.制度、交易费用与消费:基于新制度经济学视角的分析[J].江西财经大学学报,2015,(4):23-30.