单相单柱旁轭变压器空负载工况下的直流偏磁关键性能测试
|
摘要
为深入研究中性点直流电流引起的变压器直流偏磁问题,开展110kV单相单柱旁轭变压器直流偏磁下的关键性能测试和分析。电压电流波形显示,励磁电流峰值和损耗均随直流电流的增加呈线性增加规律,负载偏磁下的损耗增加量与空载偏磁状态一致。谐波分析结果表明,负载偏磁下负载侧的电流畸变主要来源于电压波形畸变,励磁侧电流波形中除了负载电流的折算部分,更多的是直流电流导致的励磁电流畸变,其峰值的增加规律与空载偏磁状态基本一致。其次,直流偏磁下变压器噪声呈现先快速增加、后逐渐饱和的趋势,注入直流36A的声压级较未偏磁状态增加约20dB,额定负载偏磁下的噪声均比空载偏磁状态大2dB左右。直流电流造成铁心和油箱表面振动加速度明显增加,未发现铁心结构件压紧力失效的特征信号。最后,直流电流导致变压器绕组和结构件温升均显著增大,注入直流电流36A的绕组和拉板热点温升均超过90K,同时油中出现碳氢气体。测试结果为变压器直流偏磁耐受能力评估提供关键依据。
To investigate the biased effects on transformer induced by DC current on the neutral point, the characteristic parameters of 110 kV transformer with single-phase three-limb core under DC bias were measured and analyzed. The waveforms of voltages and currents show that the excitation current peaks as well as no-load and load losses linearly increase with the augment of DC current, and the increments of losses under the biased load condition agree with that under no-load DC bias. It can be obtained from harmonic analysis that the distortion of the load current under biased load condition is mainly derived from deformation of the applied voltage. The exciting-side current consists of the translated current in the load side and the distorted excitation current due to DC current. Secondly, the transformer noise under DC bias exhibits the trend of initially rapid increase and gradual saturation, which is characterized by the increase of sound pressure level of about 20 dB relevant to 36 A DC current overthe unbiased condition. The noises under rated-load condition are almost 2 dB larger than that under the no-load condition. The vibration accelerations of core and the oil-tank surface are significantly increased by DC current. It needs to be mentioned that no specific features relevant to the failure of pressing forces of core clampings are found. Finally, the significant increments of temperature rises of windings as well as metal clampings under DC bias were determined. When the DC current reaches 36 A, the hot-spot temperature rises of windings and the upper tie-bar both exceed 90 K, and hydrocarbon gases in oil is confirmed. The test results would provide key references for DC endurance ability assessment of transformers under DC bias.
To investigate the biased effects on transformer induced by DC current on the neutral point, the characteristic parameters of 110 kV transformer with single-phase three-limb core under DC bias were measured and analyzed. The waveforms of voltages and currents show that the excitation current peaks as well as no-load and load losses linearly increase with the augment of DC current, and the increments of losses under the biased load condition agree with that under no-load DC bias. It can be obtained from harmonic analysis that the distortion of the load current under biased load condition is mainly derived from deformation of the applied voltage. The exciting-side current consists of the translated current in the load side and the distorted excitation current due to DC current. Secondly, the transformer noise under DC bias exhibits the trend of initially rapid increase and gradual saturation, which is characterized by the increase of sound pressure level of about 20 dB relevant to 36 A DC current overthe unbiased condition. The noises under rated-load condition are almost 2 dB larger than that under the no-load condition. The vibration accelerations of core and the oil-tank surface are significantly increased by DC current. It needs to be mentioned that no specific features relevant to the failure of pressing forces of core clampings are found. Finally, the significant increments of temperature rises of windings as well as metal clampings under DC bias were determined. When the DC current reaches 36 A, the hot-spot temperature rises of windings and the upper tie-bar both exceed 90 K, and hydrocarbon gases in oil is confirmed. The test results would provide key references for DC endurance ability assessment of transformers under DC bias.
引文
[1]梁旭明,张平,常勇.高压直流输电技术现状及发展前景[J].电网技术,2012,36(4):1-9.Liang Xuming,Zhang Ping,Chang Yong.Recent advances in high-voltage direct-current power transmission and its development potential[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(4):1-9(in Chinese).
[2]舒印彪,张文亮.特高压输电若干关键技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(31):1-6.Shu Yinbiao,Zhang Wenliang.Research of key technologies for UHV transmission[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(31):1-6(in Chinese).
[3]彭平,周卫华,谢耀恒,等.关于地铁杂散电流引起的变压器直流偏磁的分析与研究[J].变压器,2017,54(11):26-30.Peng Ping,Zhou Weihua,Xie Yaoheng,et al.Analysis and research on DC bias of transformer caused by metro stray current[J].Transformer,2017,54(11):26-30(in Chinese).
[4]刘味果,周卫华,叶会生,等.长沙地铁轨道交通对交流电网的影响及治理措施的研究[J].湖南电力,2017,37(1):7-9.Liu Weiguo,Zhou Weihua,Ye Huisheng,et al.Research on influence and control measures of metro rail transit on AC network in Changsha[J].Hunan Electric Power,2017,37(1):7-9(in Chinese).
[5]文习山,郭婷婷,何智强,等.直流偏磁相关问题研究综述[J].高压电器,2016,52(6):1-8.Wen Xishan,Guo Tingting,He Zhiqiang,et al.Review on the related problems of DC magnetic bias[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[6]Patel J A,Mehta R S,Rathod S B,et al.Analysis of geomagnetically induced current in transformer[C]//International Conference on Electrical,Electronics and Optimization Techniques.IEEE,2016:3909-3912.
[7]Pan Z,Zhang L,Wang X,et al.HVDC ground return current modeling in AC systems considering mutual resistances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):165-173.
[8]Albertson V D,Bozoki B,Feero W E,et al.Geomagnetic disturbance effects on power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2002,8(3):1206-1216.
[9]曾嵘,张波,赵杰,等.HVDC地中直流对交流系统的影响及规律分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(3):678-682.Zeng Rong,Zhang Bo,Zhao Jie,et al.Influence and characteristics analysis of effect of the HVDC ground return current on AC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(3):678-682(in Chinese).
[10]Kappenman J G,Radasky W A,Gilbert J L,et al.Advanced geomagnetic storm forecasting:A risk management tool for electric power system operations[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2000,28(6):2114-2121.
[11]Wik M,Pirjola R,Lundstedt H,et al.Space weather events in July 1982 and October 2003 and the effects of geomagnetically induced currents on swedish technical systems[J].Annales Geophysicae,2009,27(4):1775-1787.
[12]Rezaei-Zare A.Behavior of single-phase transformers under geomagnetically induced current conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):916-925.
[13]Lahtinen M,Elovaara J.GIC occurrences and GIC test for400kV system transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2002,17(2):555-561.
[14]Aboura F,Touhami O.Effect of the GICs on magnetic saturation of asymmetric three-phase transformer[J].IETElectric Power Applications,2017,11(7):1306-1314.
[15]Rezaei-Zare A,Marti L,Narang A,et al.Analysis of three-phase transformer response due to GIC using an advanced duality-based model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(5):2342-2350.
[16]谢庆峰.基于场路耦合的换流变压器直流偏磁时激滋电流及损耗的仿真分析[J].高压电器,2016(4):200-204.Xie Qingfeng.Simulation of magnetizing current and loss of the DC bias of converter transformer based on coupled electromagnetic circuit method[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016(4):200-204(in Chinese).
[17]Marti L,Rezaei-Zare A,Narang A.Simulation of transformer hotspot heating due to geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):320-327.
[18]郭洁,黄海,唐昕,等.500kV电力变压器偏磁振动分析[J].电网技术,2012,36(3):70-75.Guo Jie,Huang Hai,Tang Xi,et al.Analysis on 500kVpower transformer vibration under DC magnetic biasing[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(3):70-75(in Chinese).
[19]Girgis R S,Ko C D.Calculation techniques and results of effects of GIC currents as applied to large power transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(2):699-705.
[20]王佳音,白保东,刘宏亮,等.直流偏磁对变压器振动噪声的影响[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):56-61.Wang Jiayin,Bai Baodong,Liu Hongliang,et al.Research on vibration and noise of transformers under DC Bias[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):56-61(in Chinese).
[21]Takasu N,Oshi T,Miyawaki F,et al.An experimental analysis of DC excitation of transformers by geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1994,9(2):1173-1182.
[22]程志光,高桥则雄,博扎德·弗甘尼,等.电气工程电磁热场模拟与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Cheng Zhiguang,Norio Takahashi,Behzad Forghani,et al.Electromagnetic and thermal field modelling and application in electrical engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009(in Chinese).
[23]Kappenman J G.Geomagnetic Storms and Their Impact on the U.S.Power Grid.Goleta,CA,USA,2010.
[24]Marti L,Rezaei-Zare A,Narang A.Simulation of transformer hotspot heating due to geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):320-327.
[25]Vakhnina V V,Shapovalov V A,Kuznetsov V N,et al.The influence of geomagnetic storms on thermal processes in the tank of a power transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(4):1702-1707.
[26]Gaunt C T,Coetzee G.Transformer failures in regions incorrectly considered to have low GIC-risk[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Power Tech,Lausanne,Switzerland,2007:807-812.
[27]赵志刚,刘福贵,张俊杰,等.直流偏磁条件下变压器励磁电流的实验与分析[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(4):71-76.Zhao Zhigang,Liu Fugui,Zhang Junjie,et al.Measurement and analysis of magnetizing current in DC-biased transformers[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(4):71-76(in Chinese).
[28]李晓萍,文习山,蓝磊,等.单相变压器直流偏磁试验与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(9):33-40.Li Xiaoping,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et al.Test and simulation for single-phase transformer under DC bias[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(9):33-40(in Chinese).
[2]舒印彪,张文亮.特高压输电若干关键技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(31):1-6.Shu Yinbiao,Zhang Wenliang.Research of key technologies for UHV transmission[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(31):1-6(in Chinese).
[3]彭平,周卫华,谢耀恒,等.关于地铁杂散电流引起的变压器直流偏磁的分析与研究[J].变压器,2017,54(11):26-30.Peng Ping,Zhou Weihua,Xie Yaoheng,et al.Analysis and research on DC bias of transformer caused by metro stray current[J].Transformer,2017,54(11):26-30(in Chinese).
[4]刘味果,周卫华,叶会生,等.长沙地铁轨道交通对交流电网的影响及治理措施的研究[J].湖南电力,2017,37(1):7-9.Liu Weiguo,Zhou Weihua,Ye Huisheng,et al.Research on influence and control measures of metro rail transit on AC network in Changsha[J].Hunan Electric Power,2017,37(1):7-9(in Chinese).
[5]文习山,郭婷婷,何智强,等.直流偏磁相关问题研究综述[J].高压电器,2016,52(6):1-8.Wen Xishan,Guo Tingting,He Zhiqiang,et al.Review on the related problems of DC magnetic bias[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[6]Patel J A,Mehta R S,Rathod S B,et al.Analysis of geomagnetically induced current in transformer[C]//International Conference on Electrical,Electronics and Optimization Techniques.IEEE,2016:3909-3912.
[7]Pan Z,Zhang L,Wang X,et al.HVDC ground return current modeling in AC systems considering mutual resistances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):165-173.
[8]Albertson V D,Bozoki B,Feero W E,et al.Geomagnetic disturbance effects on power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2002,8(3):1206-1216.
[9]曾嵘,张波,赵杰,等.HVDC地中直流对交流系统的影响及规律分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(3):678-682.Zeng Rong,Zhang Bo,Zhao Jie,et al.Influence and characteristics analysis of effect of the HVDC ground return current on AC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(3):678-682(in Chinese).
[10]Kappenman J G,Radasky W A,Gilbert J L,et al.Advanced geomagnetic storm forecasting:A risk management tool for electric power system operations[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2000,28(6):2114-2121.
[11]Wik M,Pirjola R,Lundstedt H,et al.Space weather events in July 1982 and October 2003 and the effects of geomagnetically induced currents on swedish technical systems[J].Annales Geophysicae,2009,27(4):1775-1787.
[12]Rezaei-Zare A.Behavior of single-phase transformers under geomagnetically induced current conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):916-925.
[13]Lahtinen M,Elovaara J.GIC occurrences and GIC test for400kV system transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2002,17(2):555-561.
[14]Aboura F,Touhami O.Effect of the GICs on magnetic saturation of asymmetric three-phase transformer[J].IETElectric Power Applications,2017,11(7):1306-1314.
[15]Rezaei-Zare A,Marti L,Narang A,et al.Analysis of three-phase transformer response due to GIC using an advanced duality-based model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(5):2342-2350.
[16]谢庆峰.基于场路耦合的换流变压器直流偏磁时激滋电流及损耗的仿真分析[J].高压电器,2016(4):200-204.Xie Qingfeng.Simulation of magnetizing current and loss of the DC bias of converter transformer based on coupled electromagnetic circuit method[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016(4):200-204(in Chinese).
[17]Marti L,Rezaei-Zare A,Narang A.Simulation of transformer hotspot heating due to geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):320-327.
[18]郭洁,黄海,唐昕,等.500kV电力变压器偏磁振动分析[J].电网技术,2012,36(3):70-75.Guo Jie,Huang Hai,Tang Xi,et al.Analysis on 500kVpower transformer vibration under DC magnetic biasing[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(3):70-75(in Chinese).
[19]Girgis R S,Ko C D.Calculation techniques and results of effects of GIC currents as applied to large power transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(2):699-705.
[20]王佳音,白保东,刘宏亮,等.直流偏磁对变压器振动噪声的影响[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):56-61.Wang Jiayin,Bai Baodong,Liu Hongliang,et al.Research on vibration and noise of transformers under DC Bias[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):56-61(in Chinese).
[21]Takasu N,Oshi T,Miyawaki F,et al.An experimental analysis of DC excitation of transformers by geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1994,9(2):1173-1182.
[22]程志光,高桥则雄,博扎德·弗甘尼,等.电气工程电磁热场模拟与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Cheng Zhiguang,Norio Takahashi,Behzad Forghani,et al.Electromagnetic and thermal field modelling and application in electrical engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009(in Chinese).
[23]Kappenman J G.Geomagnetic Storms and Their Impact on the U.S.Power Grid.Goleta,CA,USA,2010.
[24]Marti L,Rezaei-Zare A,Narang A.Simulation of transformer hotspot heating due to geomagnetically induced currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):320-327.
[25]Vakhnina V V,Shapovalov V A,Kuznetsov V N,et al.The influence of geomagnetic storms on thermal processes in the tank of a power transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(4):1702-1707.
[26]Gaunt C T,Coetzee G.Transformer failures in regions incorrectly considered to have low GIC-risk[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Power Tech,Lausanne,Switzerland,2007:807-812.
[27]赵志刚,刘福贵,张俊杰,等.直流偏磁条件下变压器励磁电流的实验与分析[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(4):71-76.Zhao Zhigang,Liu Fugui,Zhang Junjie,et al.Measurement and analysis of magnetizing current in DC-biased transformers[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(4):71-76(in Chinese).
[28]李晓萍,文习山,蓝磊,等.单相变压器直流偏磁试验与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(9):33-40.Li Xiaoping,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et al.Test and simulation for single-phase transformer under DC bias[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(9):33-40(in Chinese).