啤酒酵母对生长獭兔免疫和抗氧化性能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的啤酒酵母对生长獭兔免疫和抗氧化性能的影响。选取30日龄左右、健康状况良好、体重相近的白色獭兔120只(公母各占1/2),按性别和体重随机分为4组,每组30个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中以5、10、15 kg/t的啤酒酵母等量替代豆粕的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)各试验组獭兔的死亡率均低于对照组,但无显著差异(P> 0. 05)。2)第20天、第40天和第60天时,各试验组獭兔的脾脏指数均高于对照组,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。第20天时,各试验组獭兔的胸腺指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第40天时,试验Ⅱ组獭兔的胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第60天时,各组间獭兔的胸腺指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各试验组獭兔的脾脏和胸腺细胞密度除第20天时试验Ⅰ组脾脏细胞密度低于对照组外均高于对照组,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)第20天、第40天和第60天时,各组间血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。第20天时,试验Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。第40天和第60天时,试验Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)第20天、第40天和第60天时,各组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。第20天时,试验Ⅱ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第60天时,试验Ⅱ组血清总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,啤酒酵母可以通过促进胸腺和脾脏的发育以及提高血清免疫球蛋白含量来提高生长獭兔的免疫力,还可以通过提高血清T-AOC和GSH-Px活性来改善生长獭兔的抗氧化能力。
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of beer yeast on immunity and antioxidant capacity of growing Rex rabbits. A total of 120 healthy white Rex rabbits( male and female half) with a similar body weight at 30 days of age were divided into 4 groups with 30 replicates per group and 1 replicate per replicate. Rex rabbits in the control group was fed a basal diet,and those in test groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the experimental diets that replaced the soybean meal of basal diets with 5,10,15 kg/t beer yeast,respectively. The pre-feeding period lasted for 7 days,and the experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results were as follows: 1) the mortality of Rex rabbits of all test groups was lower than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). 2) On day 20,day 40 and day 60,the spleen index of Rex rabbits of all test groups was higher than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). On day 20,the thymus index of Rex rabbits of all test groups were significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05); on day 40,the thymus index of Rex rabbits of test Ⅱ group were significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05); on day 60,there was no significant difference on the thymus index among all groups( P > 0. 05). 3) The spleen and thymus cell density of Rex rabbits of all test groups were higher than those of the control group( except the spleen cell density of test Ⅰ group was low than that of the control group),but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). 4) On day 20,day 40 and day 60,there was no significant difference on the serum immunoglobulin A( IgA) content among all groups( P > 0. 05). On day 20,the serum immunoglobulin M( IgM) content of test Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). On day 40 and day 60,the serum immunoglobulin G( IgG) content of test Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P < 0. 05). 5) On day 20,day 40 and day 60,there was no significant difference on the serum malondialdehyde( MDA) content and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity among all groups( P>0.05). On day 20,the serum glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) activity of test Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). On day 60,the serum total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC)of test Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). Considering all indexes of this experiment,beer yeast can improve the immunity of growing Rex rabbits by promoting the development of thymus and spleen and increasing serum immunoglobulin contents,it also can improve the antioxidant capacity of the growing Rex rabbits by increasing the serum T-AOC and GSH-Px activity.
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of beer yeast on immunity and antioxidant capacity of growing Rex rabbits. A total of 120 healthy white Rex rabbits( male and female half) with a similar body weight at 30 days of age were divided into 4 groups with 30 replicates per group and 1 replicate per replicate. Rex rabbits in the control group was fed a basal diet,and those in test groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the experimental diets that replaced the soybean meal of basal diets with 5,10,15 kg/t beer yeast,respectively. The pre-feeding period lasted for 7 days,and the experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results were as follows: 1) the mortality of Rex rabbits of all test groups was lower than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). 2) On day 20,day 40 and day 60,the spleen index of Rex rabbits of all test groups was higher than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). On day 20,the thymus index of Rex rabbits of all test groups were significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05); on day 40,the thymus index of Rex rabbits of test Ⅱ group were significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05); on day 60,there was no significant difference on the thymus index among all groups( P > 0. 05). 3) The spleen and thymus cell density of Rex rabbits of all test groups were higher than those of the control group( except the spleen cell density of test Ⅰ group was low than that of the control group),but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). 4) On day 20,day 40 and day 60,there was no significant difference on the serum immunoglobulin A( IgA) content among all groups( P > 0. 05). On day 20,the serum immunoglobulin M( IgM) content of test Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). On day 40 and day 60,the serum immunoglobulin G( IgG) content of test Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P < 0. 05). 5) On day 20,day 40 and day 60,there was no significant difference on the serum malondialdehyde( MDA) content and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity among all groups( P>0.05). On day 20,the serum glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) activity of test Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). On day 60,the serum total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC)of test Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). Considering all indexes of this experiment,beer yeast can improve the immunity of growing Rex rabbits by promoting the development of thymus and spleen and increasing serum immunoglobulin contents,it also can improve the antioxidant capacity of the growing Rex rabbits by increasing the serum T-AOC and GSH-Px activity.
引文
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[3]谢明欣,王海荣,杨金丽,等.酵母甘露寡糖对蒙古绵羊生长性能、血清免疫和炎症及抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):219-226.
[4]RAKOWSKA R,SADOWSKA A,DYBKOWSKA E,et al.Spent yeast as natural source of functional food additives[J].Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny,2017,68(2):115-121.
[5]UNDERHILL D M.Macrophage recognition of zymosan particles[J].Journal of Endotoxin Research,2003,9(3):176-180.
[6]谷子林.家兔饲料的配制与配方[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[7]郝生宏,佟建明,萨仁娜,等.四株耐制粒益生菌对0~3周龄肉仔鸡死亡率、腹泻率及盲肠菌群的影响[J].中国饲料,2008(3):30-32.
[8]BROWN G D.Dectin-1:a signalling non-TLR patternrecognition receptor[J].Nature Reviews Immunology,2006,6(1):33-43.
[9]SPRING P,WENK C,CONNOLLY A,et al.A review of733 published trials on Bio-Mos,a mannan oligosaccharide,and Actigen,a second generation mannose rich fraction,on farm and companion animals[J].Journal Applied Animal Nutrition,2015,3:e7.
[10]RAMIREZ-HERNANDEZ A,RUPNOW J,HUTKINS RW.Adherence reduction of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains to HEp-2 cells by mannan oligosaccharides and a high-molecular-weight component of cranberry extract[J].Journal of Food Protection,2015,78(8):1496-1505.
[11]张连忠.酵母固态发酵过程中营养物质变化的研究[J].饲料工业,2011,32(2):44-46.
[12]HALAS V,NOCHTA I.Mannan oligosaccharides in nursery pig nutrition and their potential mode of action[J].Animals,2012,2(2):261-274.
[13]宋新磊,朱连勤,林刚,等.甘露寡糖和有机硒联合应用对肉鸡生产性能与免疫性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2018(8):24-27.
[14]贺英,曹旺斌,王晓娟,等.啤酒酵母对雏鸡生产性能和免疫器官的影响[J].中国饲料,2002(20):12,31.
[15]吴耀忠,陈溥言,韩惠雯,等.啤酒酵母和枸杞对肉鸡免疫功能的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2008(5):34-35.
[16]李清宏.美系獭兔生长发育规律的研究[D].博士学位论文.晋中:山西农业大学,2013:61.
[17]SHARON N.Lectin-carbohydrate complexes of plants and animals:an atomic view[J].Trends in Biochemical Sciences,1993,18(6):221-226.
[18]STIER H,EBBESKOTTE V,GRUENWALD J.Immunemodulatory effects of dietary Yeast Beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucan[J].Nutrition Journal,2014,13:38.
[19]HOFER M,POSPIL M.Glucan as stimulator of hematopoiesis in normal and gamma-irradiated mice.A survey of the authors’results[J].International Journal of Immunopharmacology,1997,19(9/10):607-609.
[20]李永娟.β-葡聚糖对黄颡鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2016:23-25.
[21]贺琴,王自蕊,游金明,等.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2502-2511.
[22]崔艺燕,马现永.酵母多糖的生物学功能及其对仔猪肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):857-864.
[23]黄婧溪,夏超笃,罗龙军,等.酵母细胞壁多糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化能力的影响[J].饲料工业,2018(1):27-31.
[24]张学峰,王兰惠,周雪飞,等.十二指肠灌注酵母培养物对绵羊血液生化指标、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2016,36(6):1044-1048.
[25]SALUK-JUSZCZAK J,KROLEWSKA K,WACHOW-ICZ B.β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a blood platelet antioxidant[J].Platelets,2010,21(6):451-459.
[2]MERRILL M L,BOHNERT D W,HARMON D L,et al.The ability of a yeast-derived cell wall preparation to minimize the toxic effects of high-ergot alkaloid tall fescue straw in beef cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(10):2596-2605.
[3]谢明欣,王海荣,杨金丽,等.酵母甘露寡糖对蒙古绵羊生长性能、血清免疫和炎症及抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):219-226.
[4]RAKOWSKA R,SADOWSKA A,DYBKOWSKA E,et al.Spent yeast as natural source of functional food additives[J].Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny,2017,68(2):115-121.
[5]UNDERHILL D M.Macrophage recognition of zymosan particles[J].Journal of Endotoxin Research,2003,9(3):176-180.
[6]谷子林.家兔饲料的配制与配方[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[7]郝生宏,佟建明,萨仁娜,等.四株耐制粒益生菌对0~3周龄肉仔鸡死亡率、腹泻率及盲肠菌群的影响[J].中国饲料,2008(3):30-32.
[8]BROWN G D.Dectin-1:a signalling non-TLR patternrecognition receptor[J].Nature Reviews Immunology,2006,6(1):33-43.
[9]SPRING P,WENK C,CONNOLLY A,et al.A review of733 published trials on Bio-Mos,a mannan oligosaccharide,and Actigen,a second generation mannose rich fraction,on farm and companion animals[J].Journal Applied Animal Nutrition,2015,3:e7.
[10]RAMIREZ-HERNANDEZ A,RUPNOW J,HUTKINS RW.Adherence reduction of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains to HEp-2 cells by mannan oligosaccharides and a high-molecular-weight component of cranberry extract[J].Journal of Food Protection,2015,78(8):1496-1505.
[11]张连忠.酵母固态发酵过程中营养物质变化的研究[J].饲料工业,2011,32(2):44-46.
[12]HALAS V,NOCHTA I.Mannan oligosaccharides in nursery pig nutrition and their potential mode of action[J].Animals,2012,2(2):261-274.
[13]宋新磊,朱连勤,林刚,等.甘露寡糖和有机硒联合应用对肉鸡生产性能与免疫性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2018(8):24-27.
[14]贺英,曹旺斌,王晓娟,等.啤酒酵母对雏鸡生产性能和免疫器官的影响[J].中国饲料,2002(20):12,31.
[15]吴耀忠,陈溥言,韩惠雯,等.啤酒酵母和枸杞对肉鸡免疫功能的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2008(5):34-35.
[16]李清宏.美系獭兔生长发育规律的研究[D].博士学位论文.晋中:山西农业大学,2013:61.
[17]SHARON N.Lectin-carbohydrate complexes of plants and animals:an atomic view[J].Trends in Biochemical Sciences,1993,18(6):221-226.
[18]STIER H,EBBESKOTTE V,GRUENWALD J.Immunemodulatory effects of dietary Yeast Beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucan[J].Nutrition Journal,2014,13:38.
[19]HOFER M,POSPIL M.Glucan as stimulator of hematopoiesis in normal and gamma-irradiated mice.A survey of the authors’results[J].International Journal of Immunopharmacology,1997,19(9/10):607-609.
[20]李永娟.β-葡聚糖对黄颡鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2016:23-25.
[21]贺琴,王自蕊,游金明,等.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2502-2511.
[22]崔艺燕,马现永.酵母多糖的生物学功能及其对仔猪肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):857-864.
[23]黄婧溪,夏超笃,罗龙军,等.酵母细胞壁多糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化能力的影响[J].饲料工业,2018(1):27-31.
[24]张学峰,王兰惠,周雪飞,等.十二指肠灌注酵母培养物对绵羊血液生化指标、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2016,36(6):1044-1048.
[25]SALUK-JUSZCZAK J,KROLEWSKA K,WACHOW-ICZ B.β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a blood platelet antioxidant[J].Platelets,2010,21(6):451-459.