黄淮海地区紫花苜蓿氮磷钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量研究
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摘要
为高产优质苜蓿草地施肥提供科学依据,2016-2017年选择黄淮海地区苜蓿生产的典型区域沧州为试验点,以该地区当家苜蓿品种中苜3号(Medicago sativa L.‘zhongmu No.3’)为试验材料,采用"3414"二次回归最优设计试验方案,研究N,P,K肥配施对紫花苜蓿当年干草产量和营养成分的影响。结果表明,影响中苜3号苜蓿干草产量高低顺序为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。处理3(N_1P_2K_2)即施N 5.00kg·hm~(-2),施P_2O_5 60.00kg·hm~(-2),施K_2O 180.00kg·hm~(-2)时获得最高产量23 657.9kg·hm~(-2)。14个处理组合中,处理7(N_2P_3K_2)粗蛋白含量最高,为22.45%,处理6(N_2P_2K_2)粗蛋白含量最低,为16.87%。酸性洗涤纤维含量最低的处理3(N_1P_2K_2),为34.14%,中性洗涤纤维的含量最低的处理7(N_2P_3K_2),为51.27%。处理7(N_2P_3K_2)相对饲用价值最高,为111.36。综合分析,处理7(N_2P_3K_2)的初花期营养价值较高。根据产量模型分析,中苜3号苜蓿施N 4.10kg·hm~(-2),施P_2O_5 48.47kg·hm~(-2),施K_2O 270.00kg·hm~(-2)时可获得最高产量23 918.2kg·hm~(-2)。
To obtain alfalfa hay with high yield and good quality,the effects of N,P,K mixed fertilizing on yield and nutrition of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.‘zhongmu No.3')were studied in Cangzhou of HuangHuai-Hai area using 3414 quadratic regression optimum design from 2016 to 2017.The results showed that the order of effects on alfalfa hay yield were phosphorus>potassium> nitrogen.The highest yield of 23 657.9 kg·hm~(-2) was obtained by treatment 3(N_1P_2K_2),the combination of N 5.00 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5 60.00 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2O 180.00 kg·hm~(-2).Of the 14 treatments,treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2)had the highest crude protein content(22.45%),while treatment 6(N_2P_2K_2)had the lowest crude protein content(16.87%).The lowest content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were from treatment 3(N_1P_2K_2)and treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2),respectively.Treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2)had the highest RFV values(111.36).Comprehensive analysis showed that the nutritional value of treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2)was high during early flowering period of Zhongmu No.3.Based on the yield model analysis,the maximum yield of 23 918.2 kg·hm~(-2) could be obtained by applying N 4.10 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5 48.47 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2O270.00 kg·hm~(-2) for Zhongmu No.3 alfalfa.
To obtain alfalfa hay with high yield and good quality,the effects of N,P,K mixed fertilizing on yield and nutrition of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.‘zhongmu No.3')were studied in Cangzhou of HuangHuai-Hai area using 3414 quadratic regression optimum design from 2016 to 2017.The results showed that the order of effects on alfalfa hay yield were phosphorus>potassium> nitrogen.The highest yield of 23 657.9 kg·hm~(-2) was obtained by treatment 3(N_1P_2K_2),the combination of N 5.00 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5 60.00 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2O 180.00 kg·hm~(-2).Of the 14 treatments,treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2)had the highest crude protein content(22.45%),while treatment 6(N_2P_2K_2)had the lowest crude protein content(16.87%).The lowest content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were from treatment 3(N_1P_2K_2)and treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2),respectively.Treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2)had the highest RFV values(111.36).Comprehensive analysis showed that the nutritional value of treatment 7(N_2P_3K_2)was high during early flowering period of Zhongmu No.3.Based on the yield model analysis,the maximum yield of 23 918.2 kg·hm~(-2) could be obtained by applying N 4.10 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5 48.47 kg·hm~(-2) and K_2O270.00 kg·hm~(-2) for Zhongmu No.3 alfalfa.
引文
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[13]张健,沈贵平.不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿鲜草产量和营养品质的影响研究[J].草业与畜牧,2008(9):1-4
[14]范富,徐寿军,张庆国,等.氮、磷、钾肥配施对紫花苜蓿产量及营养物质含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(2):51-56
[15]贾珺,韩清芳,周芳,等.氮磷配比对旱地紫花苜蓿产量构成因子及营养成分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(3):77-80
[16]范富,张宁,张庆国,等.施肥对敖汉苜蓿鲜草产量及营养成分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):36-42
[17]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统第三卷专业统计及其他[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:1276-1289
[18]李星月,米福贵,孟凯,等.施肥对土默特地区中苜2号干草产量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(2):26-32
[19]齐敏兴,刘晓静,张晓磊,等.不同磷水平对紫花苜蓿光合作用和根瘤固氮特性的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):512-516
[20]杨恒,曹敏建,李春龙,等.苜蓿施用磷、钾肥效应的研究[J].草业科学,2003,20(11):19-22
[21]胡化柏,李建农,沈益新.华东农区紫花苜蓿短期栽培利用的可行性研究[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(1):64-68
[22]张菁,张于卉,马力,等.播期和施肥对冬闲田紫花苜蓿生长和品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(6):37-39
[23]闫得朋,巩林,袁玉莹,等.不同时期喷施叶面肥对紫花苜蓿生长、产草量和营养品质的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(5):1260-1261
[2]洪绂曾.苜蓿科学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:119
[3]卢欣石.中国苜蓿产业发展问题[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):1-5
[4]李志坚,祝延成,胡跃高.不同施肥水平与组合对饲用黑麦生产性能的影响研究[J].草业学报,2003,14(8):104-110
[5]蔺蕊,蒋平安.苜蓿土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标初步研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2004,27(1):23-28
[6]Burmester C H,Mullins G L,Ball D M.Potassium fertilization effects on yield and longevity of established alfalfa[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1991,20(12):2047-2062
[7]马孝慧,阿不来提·阿不都依木,孙宗玖,等.不同时期施肥对苜蓿产量与品质的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2005,28(4):33-35
[8]张海娜,李存东,肖凯.氮素对不同衰老特性棉花品种光合特性和细胞保护酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(5):170-174
[9]刘永红,杨勤,杨文任,等.花期干湿交替对玉米干物质积累与再分配的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(11):1723-1727
[10]樊军,郝明德,邵明安.黄土高原沟壑区草地土壤深层干燥化与氮素消耗[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(2):201-205
[11]段玉,曹卫东,妥德宝,等.北方半干旱区紫花苜蓿适宜品种选择及其合理施肥研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010(1):52-53
[12]谢勇,孙洪仁,张新全,等.坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(2):52-57
[13]张健,沈贵平.不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿鲜草产量和营养品质的影响研究[J].草业与畜牧,2008(9):1-4
[14]范富,徐寿军,张庆国,等.氮、磷、钾肥配施对紫花苜蓿产量及营养物质含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(2):51-56
[15]贾珺,韩清芳,周芳,等.氮磷配比对旱地紫花苜蓿产量构成因子及营养成分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(3):77-80
[16]范富,张宁,张庆国,等.施肥对敖汉苜蓿鲜草产量及营养成分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):36-42
[17]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统第三卷专业统计及其他[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:1276-1289
[18]李星月,米福贵,孟凯,等.施肥对土默特地区中苜2号干草产量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(2):26-32
[19]齐敏兴,刘晓静,张晓磊,等.不同磷水平对紫花苜蓿光合作用和根瘤固氮特性的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):512-516
[20]杨恒,曹敏建,李春龙,等.苜蓿施用磷、钾肥效应的研究[J].草业科学,2003,20(11):19-22
[21]胡化柏,李建农,沈益新.华东农区紫花苜蓿短期栽培利用的可行性研究[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(1):64-68
[22]张菁,张于卉,马力,等.播期和施肥对冬闲田紫花苜蓿生长和品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(6):37-39
[23]闫得朋,巩林,袁玉莹,等.不同时期喷施叶面肥对紫花苜蓿生长、产草量和营养品质的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(5):1260-1261