某市市政管网末梢水中氟化物健康风险分析
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摘要
目的了解武汉市市政管网末梢水中氟化物的浓度水平,并通过健康风险评价初步评估其对成人及儿童身体健康的潜在危害度。方法对2017年武汉市市政管网末梢水中氟化物的浓度进行调查,并利用美国环保局推荐的风险评估模型进行健康风险评价。结果武汉市市政管网末梢水中氟化物的含量为0.13～0.35 mg/L,均在国家生活饮用水卫生标准范围内,所致成人和儿童健康风险分别为1.32×10~(-9)/a和1.59×10~(-9)/a,均低于国际放射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险度5×10~(-5)/a。结论武汉市市政管网末梢水中氟化物浓度较低,应在各城区及时开展儿童龋齿患病率的监测,注意预防儿童龋病的流行。
Objective To investigate the concentration levels of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan City, and to preliminarily evaluate the potential harm to the health of adults and children by health risk assessment. Methods The concentration levels of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan in 2017 were tested. And health risk assessment was conducted by the risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results The concentration levels of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan were 0.13-0.35 mg/L, which met to the national sanitary standards for drinking water. The health risks to adults and children caused by fluoride in drinking water were 1.32×10~(-9)/annual and 1.59×10~(-9)/annual respectively, both were within the maximum acceptable risk range(5×10~(-5)/annual) recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection. Conclusions The concentration of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan was low. We should take countermeasures to prevent the prevalence of dental caries in children in all urban areas.
Objective To investigate the concentration levels of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan City, and to preliminarily evaluate the potential harm to the health of adults and children by health risk assessment. Methods The concentration levels of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan in 2017 were tested. And health risk assessment was conducted by the risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results The concentration levels of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan were 0.13-0.35 mg/L, which met to the national sanitary standards for drinking water. The health risks to adults and children caused by fluoride in drinking water were 1.32×10~(-9)/annual and 1.59×10~(-9)/annual respectively, both were within the maximum acceptable risk range(5×10~(-5)/annual) recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection. Conclusions The concentration of fluoride in municipal terminal tap water in Wuhan was low. We should take countermeasures to prevent the prevalence of dental caries in children in all urban areas.
引文
[1] 于瑞敏,佟亮,王民,等.华北地区某单位自备水源氟化物、硝酸盐含量调查及健康风险评价[J].灾害医学与救援(电子版),2014,3(3):144-148.
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[3] 坑斌,赵艳华,周纪臣.北京市怀柔区农村高氟地区饮用水中化学污染的健康风险评价[J].职业与健康,2016,32(17):2410-2413.
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[12] Gao HJ,Jin YQ,Wei JL.Health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water from Anhui Province in China[J].Environ Monit Assess,2013,185(5):3687-3695.
[13] 郭占景,苏振军,范尉尉,等.石家庄市农村饮用水中氟化物健康风险评估[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):72-73.
[14] 符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
[15] 赵怡楠,罗书全,向新志,等.2015年重庆市农村集中式供水化学污染指标健康风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(7):833-837.
[16] 邓春拓,何伦发,郭艳,等.珠三角某市管网末梢水中化学污染物健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(17):3116-3119,3123.
[17] 章英,谢许情,熊文艳.南昌市生活饮水健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(13):2327-2329.
[18] 魏金波,郑怀军,刘欣.大连市水环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学导刊,2012,31(5):71-73,105.
[19] 刘国红,蓝涛,徐新云,等.深圳市政供水健康风险评价[J].环境卫生学杂志,2014,4(2):119-124.
[20] 王利波,宋传清,王兰珍.濮阳市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水效果分析[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(6):699-702.
[21] 田华,马永红,张建江.新疆部队饮用水中氟化物和砷污染的健康风险评价[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2012,30(1):74.
[2] 肖健秋,杨建洪,黄建军,等.地方性氟中毒病区人群氟性骨损伤致病风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2014,21(11):1313-1316.
[3] 坑斌,赵艳华,周纪臣.北京市怀柔区农村高氟地区饮用水中化学污染的健康风险评价[J].职业与健康,2016,32(17):2410-2413.
[4] 郜红建,张显晨,张正竹,等.安徽省饮用水中氟化物含量及健康风险分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):464-467.
[5] Ghaderpoori M,Najafpoor AA,Ghaderpoury A,et al.Data on fluoride concentration and health risk assessment of drinking water in Khorasan Razavi province,Iran[J].Data Brief,2018,18:1596-1601.
[6] 杨克敌.环境卫生学[M].第8版.北京:人民出版社,2017:147.
[7] Chen J,Wu H,Qian H,et al.Assessing nitrate and fluoride contaminants in drinking water and their health risk of rural residents living in a semiarid region of Northwest China[J].Expo Health,2017(9):183-195.
[8] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T 5750.2-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与保存[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:2-6.
[9] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T 5750.5-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法无机非金属指标[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:10-12.
[10] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 5749-2006 生活饮用水卫生标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:2.
[11] 杨财平,李燕,都海燕.宜昌市农村集中式供水中砷、氟化物和硝酸盐的健康风险评价[J].职业与健康,2016,32(14):1967-1968,1971.
[12] Gao HJ,Jin YQ,Wei JL.Health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water from Anhui Province in China[J].Environ Monit Assess,2013,185(5):3687-3695.
[13] 郭占景,苏振军,范尉尉,等.石家庄市农村饮用水中氟化物健康风险评估[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):72-73.
[14] 符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
[15] 赵怡楠,罗书全,向新志,等.2015年重庆市农村集中式供水化学污染指标健康风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(7):833-837.
[16] 邓春拓,何伦发,郭艳,等.珠三角某市管网末梢水中化学污染物健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(17):3116-3119,3123.
[17] 章英,谢许情,熊文艳.南昌市生活饮水健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(13):2327-2329.
[18] 魏金波,郑怀军,刘欣.大连市水环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学导刊,2012,31(5):71-73,105.
[19] 刘国红,蓝涛,徐新云,等.深圳市政供水健康风险评价[J].环境卫生学杂志,2014,4(2):119-124.
[20] 王利波,宋传清,王兰珍.濮阳市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水效果分析[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(6):699-702.
[21] 田华,马永红,张建江.新疆部队饮用水中氟化物和砷污染的健康风险评价[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2012,30(1):74.