青藏铁路碎石护坡-热管复合措施的补强效果研究
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摘要
青藏铁路高温冻土区的普通路基和保温材料路基均处于热不稳定状态,需要对它们增设碎石护坡-热管复合措施来强化处理,新增设的补强措施对路基下部冻土的保护效果如何是人们极为关心的问题.因此,对北麓河高温高含冰量路段增设了碎石护坡及热管的复合补强措施后路基下部土体的热状态进行观测.结果显示:普通路基在增设补强措施后,人为冻土上限进一步抬升,阴阳坡下均出现显著的降温趋势,且路基下温度场逐渐趋于对称,降温范围逐渐向路基中心及深部发展,路堤中心深部地温仍处于增温状态,但增温趋势明显缓减;保温材料路基在增设补强措施后,人为冻土上限也进一步的抬升至保温板附近,融化夹层在2个冻融周期后消失,路堤中心温度在2个冻融周期后出现了降温趋势.这些效果说明,补强措施在调控路基内部及下部多年冻土温度时发挥了积极作用.
General embankment and embankment with heat insulating material on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway are proved to be thermal instable in warmer permafrost regions,so,effective reinforcement with crushed rock slope protection and thermosyphon is urgent. The practical effect of the implement of protect underlying permafrost is a matter of great public interest. Therefore,thermal state of the embankments in warmer and ice-rich permafrost regions in Beiluhe after crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon is investigated. The results indicated that( 1) when the general embankment is reinforced with crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon,artificial permafrost table further uplifts,and ground temperature under both the left and the right shoulder decreases distinctly,with a tendency that the temperature field is getting more and more symmetry.What' s more,the temperature decreasing range is enlarging and extending downwards. However,ground temperature in the deeper layer under the central embankment is still increasing,with a diminishing increasing rate;( 2) when the heat insulating embankment reinforced with crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon,artificial permafrost table is further uplifting to the vicinity of the insulating layer; besides,residual thawed layer disappears and ground temperature under the central embankment begins to decrease after two frozen-thawcycles. Thus,reinforcement of crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon plays an active role in controlling the ground temperature within the embankment and the permafrost beneath.
General embankment and embankment with heat insulating material on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway are proved to be thermal instable in warmer permafrost regions,so,effective reinforcement with crushed rock slope protection and thermosyphon is urgent. The practical effect of the implement of protect underlying permafrost is a matter of great public interest. Therefore,thermal state of the embankments in warmer and ice-rich permafrost regions in Beiluhe after crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon is investigated. The results indicated that( 1) when the general embankment is reinforced with crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon,artificial permafrost table further uplifts,and ground temperature under both the left and the right shoulder decreases distinctly,with a tendency that the temperature field is getting more and more symmetry.What' s more,the temperature decreasing range is enlarging and extending downwards. However,ground temperature in the deeper layer under the central embankment is still increasing,with a diminishing increasing rate;( 2) when the heat insulating embankment reinforced with crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon,artificial permafrost table is further uplifting to the vicinity of the insulating layer; besides,residual thawed layer disappears and ground temperature under the central embankment begins to decrease after two frozen-thawcycles. Thus,reinforcement of crushed rock slope protection coupled with thermosyphon plays an active role in controlling the ground temperature within the embankment and the permafrost beneath.
引文
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[11]Wen Zhi,Sheng Yu,Ma Wei,et al.Analysis on the effect of permafrost protection by tw o-phase closed joint thermosyphon and insulation in permafrost regions[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2006,42(3):14-19.[温智,盛煜,马巍,等.青藏铁路保温板热棒复合结构路基保护冻土效果数值分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(3):14-19.]
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[13]Dong Yuanhong,Lai Yuanming,Chen Wu.Cooling effect of combined L-shaped thermosyphon crushed-rock revetment and insulation for high-grade highw ays in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):1043-1049.[董元宏,赖远明,陈武.多年冻土区宽幅公路路基降温效果研究:一种L型热管-块碎石护坡复合路基[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1043-1049.]
[14]Ma Wei,Wen Zhi,Sheng Yu,et al.Remedying embankment thaw settlement in a w arm permafrost region w ith thermosyphons and crushed rock revetment[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2012,49(9):1005-1014.
[15]Ma Wei,Liu Duan,Wu Qingbai.Monitoring and analysis of embankment deformation in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2008,29(3):571-579.[马巍,刘端,吴青柏.青藏铁路冻土路基变形监测与分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):571-579.]
[16]Sun Zhizhong,Ma Wei,Li Dongqing.Ground temperature characteristics of block stone embankment and traditional embankment at Beiluhe along Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(2):303-308.[孙志忠,马巍,李东庆.青藏铁路北麓河试验段块石路基与普通路基的地温特征[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):303-308.]
[17]Niu Fujun,Zhang Jianming,Zhang Zhao.Engineering geological characteristics and evaluations of permafrost in Beiluhe testing field of Qinghai-Tibetan Railw ay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(3):264-269.[牛富俊,张建明,张钊.青藏铁路北麓河试验段冻土工程地质特征及评价[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):264-269.]
[18]Sheng Yu,Wen Zhi,Ma Wei.Preliminary analysis on insulation treatment of embankment at Beiluhe test section of Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2003,22(S2):2659-2664.[盛煜,温智,马巍.青藏铁路北麓河试验段路基保温材料处理措施初步分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(S2):2659-2663.]
[19]Zhang Mingyi,Li Shuangyang,Gao Zhihua,et al.Nonlinear analysis of the temperature field of the embankment w ith crushedrock revetment and insulation along the Qinghai-Tibetan Railw ay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(2):306-314.[张明义,李双阳,高志华,等.青藏铁路抛石护坡和保温材料复合路基温度场特征非线性分析[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(2):306-314.]
[20]Lai Yuanming,Zhang Luxin,Zhang Shujuan,et al.Adjusting temperature distribution under the north and south slopes of roadbed by the ripped-rock revetment in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4212-4220.[赖远明,张鲁新,张淑娟,等.利用抛石护坡调节冻土路基阴阳坡的温度分布[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4212-4220.]
[2]Sun Zhizhong,Wu Guilong,Yun Hanbo,et al.Permafrost degradation under an embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay in the southern limit of permafrost[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(4):767-771.[孙志忠,武贵龙,贠汉伯,等.多年冻土南界附近青藏铁路路基下的冻土退化[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(4):767-771.]
[3]Wu Qingbai,Liu Yongzhi,Zhang Jianming,et al.A review of recent frozen soil engineering in permafrost regions along Qinghai-Tibet Highw ay,China[J].Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,2002,13(3):199-205.
[4]Sun Zhizhong,Ma Wei,Dang Haiming,et al.Characteristics and causes of embankment deformation for Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay in permafrost regions[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2013,34(9):2267-2671.[孙志忠,马巍,党海明,等.青藏铁路多年冻土区路基变形特征及其来源[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2667-2671.]
[5]Cao Yuanbing,Sheng Yu,Wu Jichun,et al.Influence of upper boundary condations on simulated ground temperature field in permafrost regions[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(4):802-810.[曹元兵,盛煜,吴吉春,等.上边界条件对多年冻土地温场数值模拟结果的影响分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(4):802-810.]
[6]Mu Yanhu,Ma Wei,Niu Fujun,et al.Monitoring and analyzing the thermal condations of traditional embankments along the Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(4):953-961.[穆彦虎,马巍,牛富俊,等.青藏铁路多年冻土区普通路基热状况监测分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(4):953-961.]
[7]Liu Minghao,Sun Zhizhong,Niu Fujun,et al.Variation characteristic of the permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay under the back ground of climate change[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1122-1130.[刘明浩,孙志忠,牛富俊,等.气候变化背景下青藏铁路沿线多年冻土变化特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1122-1130.]
[8]Wu Qingbai,Liu Yongzhi,Yu Hui.Analysis of the variations of permafrost under ordinary embankment along the Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(6):960-968.[吴青柏,刘永智,于晖.青藏铁路普通路基下部冻土变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(6):960-968.]
[9]Sheng Yu,Zhang Luxin,Yang Chengsong,et al.Application of thermal-insulation treatment to roadw ay engineering in permafrost regions[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(5):618-622.[盛煜,张鲁新,杨成松,等.保温处理措施在多年冻土区道路工程中的应用[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(5):618-622.]
[10]Wen Zhi,Sheng Yu,Ma Wei,et al.Evaluation of EPS application to embankment of Qinghai-Tibetan Railw ay[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2005,41(3):235-247.
[11]Wen Zhi,Sheng Yu,Ma Wei,et al.Analysis on the effect of permafrost protection by tw o-phase closed joint thermosyphon and insulation in permafrost regions[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2006,42(3):14-19.[温智,盛煜,马巍,等.青藏铁路保温板热棒复合结构路基保护冻土效果数值分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(3):14-19.]
[12]Cheng Guodong,Lai Yuanming,Sun Zhizhong,et al.On the“thermal diode”function of crushed rock layer[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(1):1-7.[程国栋,赖远明,孙志忠,等.碎石层的“热半导体”作用[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(1):1-7.]
[13]Dong Yuanhong,Lai Yuanming,Chen Wu.Cooling effect of combined L-shaped thermosyphon crushed-rock revetment and insulation for high-grade highw ays in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):1043-1049.[董元宏,赖远明,陈武.多年冻土区宽幅公路路基降温效果研究:一种L型热管-块碎石护坡复合路基[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1043-1049.]
[14]Ma Wei,Wen Zhi,Sheng Yu,et al.Remedying embankment thaw settlement in a w arm permafrost region w ith thermosyphons and crushed rock revetment[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2012,49(9):1005-1014.
[15]Ma Wei,Liu Duan,Wu Qingbai.Monitoring and analysis of embankment deformation in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2008,29(3):571-579.[马巍,刘端,吴青柏.青藏铁路冻土路基变形监测与分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):571-579.]
[16]Sun Zhizhong,Ma Wei,Li Dongqing.Ground temperature characteristics of block stone embankment and traditional embankment at Beiluhe along Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(2):303-308.[孙志忠,马巍,李东庆.青藏铁路北麓河试验段块石路基与普通路基的地温特征[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):303-308.]
[17]Niu Fujun,Zhang Jianming,Zhang Zhao.Engineering geological characteristics and evaluations of permafrost in Beiluhe testing field of Qinghai-Tibetan Railw ay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(3):264-269.[牛富俊,张建明,张钊.青藏铁路北麓河试验段冻土工程地质特征及评价[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):264-269.]
[18]Sheng Yu,Wen Zhi,Ma Wei.Preliminary analysis on insulation treatment of embankment at Beiluhe test section of Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2003,22(S2):2659-2664.[盛煜,温智,马巍.青藏铁路北麓河试验段路基保温材料处理措施初步分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(S2):2659-2663.]
[19]Zhang Mingyi,Li Shuangyang,Gao Zhihua,et al.Nonlinear analysis of the temperature field of the embankment w ith crushedrock revetment and insulation along the Qinghai-Tibetan Railw ay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(2):306-314.[张明义,李双阳,高志华,等.青藏铁路抛石护坡和保温材料复合路基温度场特征非线性分析[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(2):306-314.]
[20]Lai Yuanming,Zhang Luxin,Zhang Shujuan,et al.Adjusting temperature distribution under the north and south slopes of roadbed by the ripped-rock revetment in permafrost regions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4212-4220.[赖远明,张鲁新,张淑娟,等.利用抛石护坡调节冻土路基阴阳坡的温度分布[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4212-4220.]